纳米氧化锌光催化剂的制备及性能研究

以乙酸锌和氨水为反应物,采用简单水热法合成了纳米氧化锌(ZnO)光催化剂,通过FT-IR、XRD、UV-Vis、SEM等测试技术对样品进行表征。以甲基橙溶液为目标降解物,在500W汞灯照射下对甲基橙溶液进行光催化降解实验。结果表明,通过该方法合成的纳米ZnO为六方晶系结构,结构清晰,尺寸均匀,对甲基橙溶液具有良好的光催化性能。同时,对纳米ZnO光催化材料未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

壳聚糖-CdS复合纳米粒子对甲基橙的光催化降解作用

用反相微乳液法制备了壳聚糖-CdS复合纳米粒子,并考察了复合纳米粒子用量、光照条件和溶液pH值等因素对光催化降解甲基橙的影响.结果表明:在100 mL质量浓度为20 mg/L的甲基橙溶液中加入0.30 g复合纳米粒子,可以达到较好的光催化降解效果;甲基橙在光催化降解过程中最大吸收波长464 nm处的吸收峰迅速减弱,并最终消失,且在258 nm和455 nm处出现了新的吸收峰,说明甲基橙发生了降解;溶液pH值对光催化降解甲基橙有一定的影响,在弱酸性条件下降解效率较高;复合纳米粒子比普通CdS降解效率高,2 min时高出50%,400 min时高出21.3%.初步提出了复合纳米粒子光催化降解机理,复合纳米粒子的吸附作用是光催化降解作用的前置步骤.     

不同气氛下TiO2纳米晶的光催化性能研究

以甲基橙的光催化降解为探针反应,从表观降解率和TOC去除率两个指标评价了纳米TiO2样品在不同焙烧温度和反应气氛下的光催化活性.结果表明,400℃焙烧的锐钛矿型TiO2纳米粒子的晶粒尺寸为11.69nm,在光催化降解甲基橙的实验中表现出最佳的光催化活性.光催化反应进行20min后对甲基橙的表现降解率达98.99%,反应进行30min后对甲基橙水溶液TOC的去除率为79.36%,TOC的去除效果滞后于色度的去除.不通空气时,样品对甲基橙的降解率最差,降解速率明显滞后于通空气和O2的情况,且通O2的降解效果更好.     

TiO2纳米管阵列薄膜光电催化降解甲基橙染料废水

采用电化学阳极氧化法在纯钛表面制备出TiO2纳米管阵列,应用FE-SEM和XRD表征其形貌。以该纳米管陈列薄膜为光阳极,比较了光解、光催化和光电催化对甲基橙溶液降解效率的差异,研究了pH值和外加偏压对甲基橙降解效率的影响,并建立了光电催化氧化反应的一级动力学模型来描述产生这种效果的主要因素。结果表明,在光电催化氧化体系中,TiO2纳米管阵列薄膜对甲基橙具有显著的降解作用;溶液中的电解质、溶液的pH值和外加偏压是影响光电催化效果的关键因素;最佳的降解条件为电解质存在下、pH值为3、外加偏压为1.5V,在该条件下紫外灯照射80min后降解率可达100%。     

水解氧化锌纳米复合结构光催化降解性能研究

利用滚压振动磨在干法室温条件下制备出形状规则的纳米锌粉,在260℃下与水蒸汽接触发生水解氧化还原反应,得到氧化锌纳米复合结构.其特征是棒状和块状纳米结构共存,具有良好的分散性,氧和锌的原子比接近2:3.将这种复合纳米结构用于光催化降解甲基橙溶液,在距离40cm的20W紫外灯照射下,研究了不同初始浓度、光催化剂添加量和水解温度对氧化锌纳米复合结构光催化降解性能的影响.在50mL初始浓度为10mg/L的甲基橙溶液中,添加260℃下水解生成的氧化锌纳米复合结构400mg,在10min内降解率可达80%.以上.     

掺银二氧化钛纳米带的制备及其光催化性能研究

TiO2纳米带作为一种纳米光催化剂用于污水处理中时,能克服TiO2纳米颗粒不易分离同收等困难,对其进行贵金属掺杂,可提高其光催化活性.本研究以价格低廉的钛白粉为原料,采用水热法制备了掺银的TiO2纳米带,并运用XRD,SEM和EDS等对所制备的样品进行表征,进行了光催化降解甲基橙反应,考察了纳米带中的掺银量,煅烧温度等条件对降解甲基橙反应的影响.结果表明,当TiO2纳米带掺银量为0.1%(质量分数,下同),焙烧温度为700℃,催化剂用量为0.05g,室温下用15W紫外灯光照180min时,掺银的TiO2纳米带对甲基橙的降解率可达98.51%,较掺杂前提高了22%左右.     

TiO2纳米棒光催化降解甲基橙的研究

本文以甲基橙为目标降解物考察了催化剂的添加量、甲基橙溶液的pH值、晶化时间、热处理温度等因素对用"软模板"制备的TiO2纳米棒光催化活性的影响.研究表明:当催化剂添加量为0.08g、甲基橙溶液的pH=4、晶化时间为24h、热处理温度为500℃时,TiO2光催化剂的催化效果最佳,达到了85.96%.     

T-ZnOw光催化降解甲基橙的动力学研究

研究了四针状氧化锌晶须在紫外光照射条件下对甲基橙的降解活性,考查了甲基橙溶液初始浓度、催化剂浓度及种类等对光催化降解的影响,并初步探讨了其反应动力学.实验结果显示,四针状氧化锌晶须光催化降解反应基本符合一级动力学规律,光催化效果随着甲基橙初始溶液浓度的增加而降低,最佳浓度为2g/L,是一种降解效果优异的光催化材料.     

纳米TiO2微球的制备及光催化性能研究

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,在油酸和正己烷的混合溶剂中,采用溶剂热技术成功地合成了纳米TiO2微球.以X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)等方法对产物进行了表征,并对其光催化降解甲基橙溶液的性能进行了研究.实验结果表明:纳米TiO2微球的平均尺寸约为60nm,其中含有粒径平均约4.5nm的超细粒子.此种结构趋向于高的比表面积,与P-25型光催化剂相比,两者对甲基橙溶液的脱色具有相近的光催化活性.     

纳米二氧化钛的光催化性能研究

采用TiOSO4常温水解法制备纳米二氧化钛，以甲基橙溶液做光催化降解实验，考察各种因素对光催化降解效果的影响。结果表明：加入表面活性剂方式制备的纳米TiO2具有更大的比表面积,光催化降解效果明显；甲基橙溶液的初始浓度越低,光催化降解效果越好；锐钛晶型96．5％、金红石晶型3．5％(质量比)的混晶型纳米TiO2具有更高的光催化活性；进行过多次光催化实验的纳米TiO2经再生后仍然可保持较高的光催化活性。     

Photocatalytic degradation of mixed pollutants in aqueous wastewater using mesoporous 2D/2D TiO2(B)-BiOBr heterojunction

There are multiple contaminants in practical wastewater;and the photodegradation of mixed pollutants is a challenge in the field of photocatalysis.Herein,we design a mesoporous 2D/2D TiO2(B)-BiOBr hetero-junction photocatalyst for the photodegradation of mixed pollutants.Such a coupling structure results in an enhancement in the disconnection of photoexcited carriers,and the increase of absorption and reaction sites.The 2D/2D TiO2(B)-BiOBr demonstrates outstanding photocatalytic activity for photode-grading rhodamine B(RhB),methyl orange(MO),tetracycline hydrochloride(TCH),and bisphenol A(BPA)simultaneously under visible light,which is 4.7.1.4,23 and 16.4 times as high as that of original BiOBr,respectively.Our work represents a possible solution to devise promising and efficient photocatalysts for the treatment of practical wastewater in the near future.     

纳米氧化锌制备条件的优化研究

按L9(34)设计试验制备纳米ZnO粉体,以反应温度x1、煅烧温度x2和煅烧时间x3为变量,ZnO对甲基橙溶液的光催化降解脱色率DC为目标响应值,采用PSO-二次回归方法建模,经非线性规划基于该模型寻优,获得试验设计范围内最优化的ZnO制备条件.该条件下制备的ZnO粉体光催化性能明显优于按直观分析法分析得出的优化条件下制备的ZnO,也明显优于市售的KY-ZnO-02产品.借助大大缩短试验次数的试验设计建模是实现制备工艺优化的一条有效途径.     

Effects of mineral tourmaline particles on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 thin films

Titania composite thin films (T/TiO2) containing tourmaline particles were prepared by a sol-gel method, using alkoxide solutions as precursor. The tourmaline particles and thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and so on. The effects of tourmaline on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 were measured with methyl orange as an objective photodegradation substance. The results showed that the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange conformed to the first-order kinetic equation and the composite thin films had better photocatalytic activity due to the cooperation of polarity and the far infrared emission of tourmaline. The T/TiO2 thin films including 0.5 wt% tourmaline exhibited better photocatalytic activity when heat-treated at 250 degrees C for 3 h, than pure TiO2 thin films under the ultraviolet irradiation.     

Synthesis and characterization of Ce2S3-ZnS-CuS nanoparticles and their photocatalytic activity

ZnS-CuS nanoparticles were prepared by a controlled coprecipitation method and ZnS-CuS-Ce2S3 nanoparticles were prepared by ball milling. The photocatalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and terephthalic acid photoluminescence probing technique. The photocatalytic activity of the photocatalysts was evaluated by photocatalytic reduction of Cr2O7(2-), nitrobenzene and photocatalytic oxidation of methyl orange. The results showed that the optimal preparation condition of ZnS-CuS is 200 degrees C for 7 h. The optimal doped amount of Ce2S3 for Ce2S3-ZnS-CuS photocatalyst is 1.0 wt%, and the optimal ball milling time is 16 h. For the ZnS-CuS photocatalyst, the photooxidation efficiency of methyl orange and the photoreduction efficiency of Cr2O7(2-) were 27.4% and 60.7%, respectively; and for Ce2S3-ZnS-CuS photocatalysts, they were 73.6% and 83.1%, respectively. The production efficiency of aniline for ZnS-CuS and Ce2S3-ZnS-CuS were 25.4% and 31.3%, respectively. The mechanisms of influence on the photocatalytic activity were also discussed.     

Photoactive chitosan–titania multilayer assembly for oxidative dye degradation

This study highlights the highly efficient adsorption, photocatalytic properties, and stability of synthesized titanium dioxide (TiO₂) photocatalyst incorporated into Chitosan (Cs) and supported onto the glass as substrate toward photodegradation of methyl orange (MO) pollutants. TiO₂ was produced using a sol–gel technique, then ex situ synthesized with Cs solution and immobilized on a glass substrate at various weight ratios. The percentages and concentrations of the sorption in dark ambient are calculated in addition to photodegradation of MO under UV light irradiation. At acidic conditions, the photocatalyst with a 2:2 weight ratio of Cs-TiO₂ had the optimum dye removal activity (91%). As a result, the work adds to the knowledge of adsorption and photodegradation in the green mitigation of persistent pollutants.

     

A novel magnetic nanocomposite involving anatase titania coating on silica-modified cobalt ferrite via lower temperature hydrolysis of a water-soluble titania precursor

A high surface area magnetic nanocomposite titania/silica/cobalt ferrite photocatalyst was synthesized via controlled hydrolysis and condensation of water-soluble titanium bis-ammonium lactato dihydroxide at relatively lower temperature (<97 °C) and characterized by XRD, FTIR, HRTEM, BET, XPS and magnetism analysis. The results reveal that as-prepared photocatalyst possesses a core/shell structure involving ferrite particles sequentially coated with coherent silica layer and anatase nanocrystallites via a heterogeneous nucleation and growth mechanism. The photodegradation of the photocatalyst for methyl orange is comparative to Degussa P25 and higher than the heated samples, being tentatively attributed to the proper microstructure and isolation/immobilization functions by silica intermediate phase as well as the surface-bond hydroxyl groups.     

Ni-TiO2介孔材料的低热固相合成及其光降解甲基橙的动力学

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为模板, 通过钛酸丁酯与六水氯化镍的固相反应直接合成了镍掺杂的二氧化钛（Ni-TiO₂）介孔材料. 用X射线衍射、高分辨透射电镜、N₂脱附-吸附、红外、紫外以及拉曼光谱仪等分析技术对材料进行了物相与表面织构表征; 通过电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪对材料的元素组成进行分析; 同时研究了材料对甲基橙的光降解性能. 结果表明, 所得的介孔材料是锐钛矿型, 金属镍已进入了二氧化钛骨架, 镍的含量为3.62wt%; 孔壁是由无定形的晶界与微晶组成, 并伴有结构缺陷和痕量的金属镍氧化物; 其BET比表面积为102.4m²/g, 孔半径分布中心为2.4nm. 在298K下, Ni-TiO₂介孔材料对甲基橙溶液的紫外光降解行为遵循准一级动力学反应规律,其反应速率常数比纯TiO₂粉体大二倍, 且存在明显的浓度效应.     

以玻璃珠为载体制备纳米TiO2光催化膜滤料

研究了陈化时间及涂膜层数对纳米TiO2膜光催化性能的影响,结果表明:陈化3d时,膜的光催化性能最高;涂膜层数为3时,甲基橙的处理效率最高。同时研究了纳米TiO2膜对水和甲基橙的吸附性能,结果表明:水和甲基橙存在竞争吸附,随着加入甲基橙浓度的增加,光电催化测得的积分电量减少,膜的光催化活性降低。用制备的纳米TiO2膜光催化降解甲基橙,效率最高可达92.9%;在一定条件下累积运行93.8h,降解率均在83%左右,表明制备的纳米TiO2膜有较高的光催化性能及较长的使用寿命。