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1.
The indices of tableting performance were used to investigate the compaction properties of two methacrylate ester copolymers (Eudragit® RS PM and RL PM) and three methacrylic acid copolymers (Eudragit® S 100, L 100, and L 100-55). These polymers were designed to be incorporated directly into solid dosage forms for controlled-release purposes. The polymers were combined in the dry state with either sodium sulfathiazole (a brittle drug) or theophylline (a plastic drug) at concentrations ranging from 0 to 100% polymer. All powders were blended for 15 minutes and compacts measuring 1 inch square and weighing 5 g each were made using a die that decompressed triaxially and a Carver® press equipped with a strain gauge. Solid fractions were kept constant at 0.81. Two of the tableting indices, the bonding index (BI) and brittle fracture index (BFI), were studied for all mixtures. The BFI of the sulfonamide (0.49) was nearly three times greater than the BFI for theophylline(0.17) The three methacrylic acid copolymers had high BFI values ranging from 0.99 to 1.60, demonstrating the brittle characteristics of these polymers. The BFI decreased with increasing drug content in all cases. Of the five polymers, the BI was greatest for Eudragit® L 100-55 with both drugs, especially at the 20% drug concentration, followed by Eudragits L 100 and S 100. These three resins were prepared by a spray-drying process. The strongest interactions (positive deviations for the BFI; negative deviations for indentation hardness and BI) of either drug with the polymers were always seen with the spray-dried materials. Low bonding indices were obtained for both of the methacrylate ester copolymers. However, all mixtures of both drug with these milled polymers (RL PM and RS PM) formed successful tablets.  相似文献   

2.
Abstract

Tensile strengths of compacts consisting of acrylic resin polymers in combination with a plastic drug (theophylline) and a brittle drug (sodium sulfathiazole) were investigated. The polymers studied included Eudragit RS PM, RL PM, S 100, L 100, and L 100-55. All compacts were compressed to a solid fraction of 0.81. The solid fraction, rather than compression force, was kept constant in order to account for the differences in packing characteristics and elastic and plastic deformational properties of different materials (1). Tensile strength profiles for the blends of the Eudragit S 100 and RL PM polymers with sodium sulfathiazole included approximately linear relationships between pure drug and pure polymer. The Eudragit L 100-55 exhibited a large peak in the tensile strength of compacts containing 20% sodium sulfathiazole. Significant differences between the physical-mechanical properties of the methacrylate ester and methacrylic acid copolymers were observed where the latter proved to be much stronger at all concentrations. The differences between the two categories of polymers were greater in compacts containing the plastic drug, theophylline. Peaks in tensile strengths were seen for both drugs with all three of the methacrylic acid copolymers, while the methacrylate ester copolymers maintained approximately linear relationships for all ratios of drug and polymer.  相似文献   

3.
Tensile strengths of compacts consisting of acrylic resin polymers in combination with a plastic drug (theophylline) and a brittle drug (sodium sulfathiazole) were investigated. The polymers studied included Eudragit RS PM, RL PM, S 100, L 100, and L 100-55. All compacts were compressed to a solid fraction of 0.81. The solid fraction, rather than compression force, was kept constant in order to account for the differences in packing characteristics and elastic and plastic deformational properties of different materials (1). Tensile strength profiles for the blends of the Eudragit S 100 and RL PM polymers with sodium sulfathiazole included approximately linear relationships between pure drug and pure polymer. The Eudragit L 100-55 exhibited a large peak in the tensile strength of compacts containing 20% sodium sulfathiazole. Significant differences between the physical-mechanical properties of the methacrylate ester and methacrylic acid copolymers were observed where the latter proved to be much stronger at all concentrations. The differences between the two categories of polymers were greater in compacts containing the plastic drug, theophylline. Peaks in tensile strengths were seen for both drugs with all three of the methacrylic acid copolymers, while the methacrylate ester copolymers maintained approximately linear relationships for all ratios of drug and polymer.  相似文献   

4.
ABSTRACT

Controlled release tablets containing a poorly water-soluble drug, indomethacin (IDM), acrylic polymers (Eudragit® RD 100, Eudragit® L 100, or Eudragit® S 100), and triethyl citrate (TEC) were prepared by hot-melt extrusion. The physicochemical and IDM release properties of the controlled release hot-melt extrudates were investigated. Indomethacin (IDM) was found to be both thermally and chemically stable following hot-melt extrusion processing and displayed a plasticizing effect on Eudragit® RL PO as demonstrated by a decrease in the glass transition temperatures of the polymer. The inclusion of either Pluronic® F68, Eudragit® L 100, or Eudragit® S 100 in the powder blend containing Eudragit® RD 100 prior to processing increased the rate of release of the IDM from the extrudates. An increase in the media pH and a decrease in the granule particle size also increased the rate of release of IDM. The inclusion of TEC up to 8% in the granule formulation or compressing the granules into tablets had no significant effect on the drug release rate. Indomethacin (IDM) was transformed from a crystalline Form I into an amorphous form in the Eudragit® RD 100 granules following hot-melt extrusion. The thermal processing facilitated the formation of a solid solution with a continuous matrix structure that was shown to control drug diffusion from the extrudates.  相似文献   

5.
Abstract

A comparative study of two methods of dissolution (Simoons Apparatus and USP XXII Apparatus II) has been accomplished using sustained-release 50 mg anhydrous theophylline tablets. Sovic® 374 MB, Eudragit® RL PM, Aquacoat®, Methocel® K-15M, and Cutina® HR were some of the excipients used to elaborate inert, hydrophilic, and lipidic matrices. Theophylline release was prolonged in all cases, except when Aquacoat was used as matrix constituent. Simoons device was found to be more accurate for inert matrix tablets, whereas USP apparatus was advantageous for hydrophilic and lipidic matrix. ANOVA showed significant differences among all the factors analyzed. The drug release kinetics was adjusted better to Higuchi's kinetic model than to the Noyes-whitney or Weibull models, from 10% to 70% release.  相似文献   

6.
The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for the determination of the influence of sintering temperature and plasticizer levels on the breaking force of extended-release matrix tablets prepared via roller-compaction. Six formulations using theophylline as a model drug, Eudragit® RL PO or Eudragit® RS PO as a matrix former and three levels of TEC (triethyl citrate) as a plasticizer were prepared. The powder blend was roller compacted using a fixed roll-gap of 1.5?mm, feed screw speed to roller speed ratio of 5:1 and roll pressure of 4?MPa. The granules, after removing fines, were compacted into tablets on a Stokes B2 rotary tablet press at a compression force of 7?kN. The tablets were thermally treated at different temperatures (Room Temperature, 50, 75 and 100?°C) for 5?h. These tablets were scanned in reflectance mode in the wavelength range of 400–2500?nm and were evaluated for breaking force. Tablet breaking force significantly increased with increasing plasticizer levels and with increases in the sintering temperature. An increase in tablet hardness produced an upward shift (increase in absorbance) in the NIR spectra. The principle component analysis (PCA) of the spectra was able to distinguish samples with different plasticizer levels and sintering temperatures. In addition, a 9-factor partial least squares (PLS) regression model for tablets containing Eudragit® RL PO had an r2 of 0.9797, a standard error of calibration of 0.6255 and a standard error of cross validation (SECV) of 0.7594. Similar analysis of tablets containing Eudragit® RS PO showed an r2 of 0.9831, a standard error of calibration of 0.9711 and an SECV of 1.192.  相似文献   

7.
The objective of this study was to develop doxofylline-loaded sustained-release pellets coated with Eudragit® NE30D alone (F1) or blend of Eudragit® RL30D/RS30D (F2) and further evaluate their in vitro release and in vivo absorption in beagle dogs. Doxofylline-loaded cores with a drug loading of 70% (w/w) were prepared by layering drug-MCC powder onto seed cores in a centrifugal granulator and then coating them with different kinds of polymethacrylates in a bottom-spray fluidized bed coater. Dissolution behaviour of these formulations was studied in vitro under various pH conditions (from pH 1.2 to pH 7.4) to evaluate the effect of pH on drug release profiles. It was found that F2 produced a better release profile than F1 did and two different release mechanisms were assumed for F1 and F2, respectively. The relative bioavailability of the sustained-release pellets was studied in six beagle dogs after oral administration in a fast state using a commercially available immediate release tablet as a reference. Coated with Eudragit® NE30D and a blend of Eudragit® RL30D/RS30D (1:12), at 5% and 8% coating level, respectively, the pellets acquired perfect sustained-release properties and good relative bioavailability, with small fluctuation of drug concentration in plasma. But combined use of mixed Eudragit® RL30D/RS30D polymers with proper features as coating materials produced a longer Tmax, a lower Cmax and a little higher bioavailability compared to F1 (coated with Eudragit® NE30D alone). The Cmax, Tmax and relative bioavailability of F1 and F2 coated pellets were 15.16 μg/ml, 4.17 h, 97.69% and 11.41 μg/ml, 5 h, 101.59%, respectively. Also a good linear correlation between in vivo absorption and in vitro release was established for F1 and F2, so from the dissolution test, formulations in vivo absorption can be properly predicted.  相似文献   

8.
Ammonio methacrylate copolymers Eudragit® RS PO and Eudragit® RL PO have found widespread use as key components in various types of extended release solid dosage forms. The deformation behavior of neat polymers and binary mixes was evaluated using Heckel Analysis, strain rate sensitivity, work of compaction and elastic recovery index. Additionally, the compact forming ability of neat materials and binary mixes were evaluated by analyzing their tabletability, compressibility and compactibility profiles. The Heckel analysis of both polymers exhibited a speed-sensitive deformation behavior typical to plastic materials. The yield values of the binary mixes of the polymers with microcrystalline cellulose revealed a linear relationship with the weight fractions of individual components. The yield values of binary mixes of both the polymers with dibasic calcium phosphate exhibited slight negative deviations from linearity. Both polymers exhibited axial relaxation after ejection typical of viscoelastic materials, as measured by the elastic recovery index values. The work of compaction and the elastic recovery index values of the binary mixtures were found to be linearly related to the weight fractions of the individual components thus, confirming ideal mixing behavior based on the composition. Addition of microcrystalline cellulose to both polymers significantly improved their tabletability and compactibility. The tensile strengths of the compacts prepared with neat materials and binary mixes with microcrystalline cellulose, dibasic calcium phosphate and lactose were the function of their solid fraction and independent of the tableting speeds tested; thus, validating compactibility as a reliable parameter in predicting acceptable tablet properties.  相似文献   

9.
Abstract

The influence of various additives, namely, PEG, mannitol, and HPMCP 50 incorporated with Eudragit® L30D on drug release from pellets was investigated. Cores of a water soluble drug were prepared by the powder layering technique using the CF Granulator (CF 360) and coating was accomplished utilizing the Glatt GPCG3 machine. Drug release from pellets coated with Eudragit® L30D was found to be influenced by the type and the level of the additive incorporated with the copolymer. At pH 1.5, PEG, regardless of the molecular weight, did not have any significant effect on drug release. At pH 5.5, however, PEG significantly decreased drug release from coated pellets, and the decrease was more pronounced as the molecular weight of PEG was increased. Release of the drug from pellets coated with Eudragit® L30D containing mannitol was found to be dependent on mannitol concentration at pH 1.5, 3.5 and 4.5 but independent of mannitol concentration at pH 5.5. The release of drug through Eudragit® L30D:HPMCP 50 films was found to be dependent on the ratio of the polymers.  相似文献   

10.
The objective of this study was to optimize floating microballoons of famotidine by the emulsion solvent diffusion technique using central composite design. Formulations F1–F15 were prepared using three independent variables (pH of medium, drug: Eudragit® S100 ratio and ethanol : dichloromethane ratio) and evaluated for dependent variables (shape, percentage buoyancy, and encapsulation). The optimized formulation F9 was fractionated and a polymer combination of (Eudragit® S100 : Eudragit® L100-55, 9.5:0.5) resulted in microballoons that exhibited zero order release (94.73%) with 84.20% buoyancy at the end of the eighth hour when studied in the mesh-designed modified USP type II apparatus.  相似文献   

11.
Abstract

Eudragit® E30D was utilized in conjunction with talc and xanthan gum to coat theophylline granules via a Wurster-type air suspension column. Since the resin is extremely tacky and cannot be used alone as a coating formulation, different amounts of talc and xanthan gum were incorporated into the Eudragit® E30D suspension to allow for coating of theophylline granules. The release profile of theophylline from the coated granules was found to be dependent on the ratio of the additives to the resin used in the coating suspension as well as on the coating level applied to the final product. A sample of theophylline granules coated with a film-coating suspension containing 1.5:1.0: :Talc: Eudragit® E30D resin (calculated on dry basis) exhibited a zero order release profile. However, the in-vitro release rates of this formulation decreased on storage. As the ratio of talc and Eudragit® E30D was changed to 1:1, the coated theophylline granules showed a release profile that remained unchanged even after exposure at room temperature, 30° C and 40° C for three months. A stable theophylline formulation was achieved by curing the coated product at 40°C for 24 hours.  相似文献   

12.
The purpose was to investigate the effectiveness of an ethylcellulose (EC) bead matrix and different film-coating polymers in delaying drug release from compacted multiparticulate systems. Formulations containing theophylline or cimetidine granulated with Eudragit® RS 30D were developed and beads were produced by extrusion–spheronization. Drug beads were coated using 15% wt/wt Surelease® or Eudragit® NE 30D and were evaluated for true density, particle size, and sphericity. Lipid-based placebo beads and drug beads were blended together and compacted on an instrumented Stokes B2 rotary tablet press. Although placebo beads were significantly less spherical, their true density of 1.21 g/cm3 and size of 855 μm were quite close to Surelease®-coated drug beads. Curing improved the crushing strength and friability values for theophylline tablets containing Surelease®-coated beads; 5.7 ± 1.0 kP and 0.26 ± 0.07%, respectively. Dissolution profiles showed that the EC matrix only provided 3 h of drug release. Although tablets containing Surelease®-coated theophylline beads released drug fastest overall (t44.2% = 8 h), profiles showed that coating damage was still minimal. Size and density differences indicated a minimal segregation potential during tableting for blends containing Surelease®-coated drug beads. Although modified release profiles >8 h were achievable in tablets for both drugs using either coating polymer, Surelease®-coated theophylline beads released drug fastest overall. This is likely because of the increased solubility of theophylline and the intrinsic properties of the Surelease® films. Furthermore, the lipid-based placebos served as effective cushioning agents by protecting coating integrity of drug beads under a number of different conditions while tableting.  相似文献   

13.
The objective of this study was to obtain detailed information on the mechanism of drug release from mixed-film of pectin-chitosan/Eudragit® RS. Pellets (710–840 μm in diameter) containing 60% theophylline and 40% microcrystalline cellulose were prepared by extrusion-spheronization method. Eudragit® L100-55 enteric coating capsules included film-coated pellets of theophylline in theoretical coating weight gains of 10, 15, and 20%, with pectin-chitosan complex contents of 5, 10, 15, and 20% for each level of weight gain were prepared and subjected to in vitro drug release. Drug release from this system showed a bimodal release profile characteristic with the drug release enhancement, being triggered (burst release) in the colonic medium. The reason for burst drug release may be due to the enzymatic degradation of pectin via pectinolytic enzymes in the simulated colonic medium. The mechanism of drug release from each formulation was evaluated in the terms of zero-order, first-order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas models. It was observed that none of the enteric coating capsules showed any drug release in the simulated gastric medium (phase I). The analysis of release profiles showed that zero-order kinetics was found as the better fitting model for all formulations in the simulated small intestine (phase II) and it could be due to the pectin-chitosan swelling and subsequent formation of aqueous channels. In the colonic medium (phase III), due to degradation of pectin and its leaching from the mixed-film, there was a modification in drug release kinetics from swelling-controlled at phase II to anomalous at phase III. It also was found that both zero-order and Higuchi models contributed in colonic drug release from most of the formulations.  相似文献   

14.
ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to improve the dissolution rate of a poor water soluble drug, piroxicam, by solid dispersion technique. Solid dispersions were prepared by three different methods depending on the type of carrier. The dissolution rate of piroxicam was markedly increased in solid dispersion of myrj 52, Eudragit® E100 and mannitol. Solubility studies revealed a marked increase in the solubility of piroxicam with an increase in myrj 52 and Eudragit® E100 concentrations. Data from the X-ray diffraction and FT-IR spectroscopy showed that piroxicam was amorphous in the solid dispersions prepared with dextrin and Eudragit® E100.  相似文献   

15.
Two spheronized granular formulations containing 20% anhydrous lactose/80% microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and 80% anhydrous lactose/20% microcrystalline cellulose were blended in various proportions and compressed. Physical-mechanical properties of the resulting compacts were investigated using tableting indices and compared with powder mixtures of the same compositions. The compacts were compressed at a solid fraction of 0.80 for both powder and bead mixtures. An additional set of bead compacts were made at a solid fraction of 0.87. The thickness of the compacts was measured in the post-ejection stage to investigate their expansion behavior. The tensile strength with and without a stress concentrator and the dynamic indentation hardness of the compacts were determined. The brittle fracture index (BFI) and bonding index (BI) values were also calculated. The microstructure of the beads and compacts were investigated using scanning electron microscopy to observe the bonding phenomena. The results showed that the compacts made from beads underwent different compaction/consolidation behaviors than the powders of the same lactose/MCC compositions. For powdered compacts, the tensile strength with or without a stress concentrator increased with increasing MCC content while the compacts made from beads showed the opposite trend. However, this trend was not seen in the indentation hardness test. The resulting BFI values were all low due to the plastic nature of the materials selected. The BI values of the bead and powder compacts also exhibited opposite tendencies and reflected the divergent mechanical properties of the materials presented in granulated and powdered forms. Microstructure studies revealed the bonding states between the beads in the compacts. Discrepancies in mechanical properties were related to the compressibility, compactibility, and porosities of the excipients studied.  相似文献   

16.
Aim: The objective of this work was to illustrate the suitability of montmorillonite (MMT) as a drug delivery carrier, by developing a new clay–drug composite of ranitidine hydrochloride (RT) intercalated in MMT. Methods: The MMT–RT composite was prepared by ion-exchange process. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectra were employed to confirm the intercalation of RT in the MMT interlayers. The prepared MMT–RT hybrid was coated with cationic polymer Eudragit® E-100 by oil-in-water solvent evaporation method. The release processes of RT from MMT–RT and MMT–RT/Eudragit® E-100 were monitored under in vitro condition in the gastric fluid. Results: X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectra analysis indicated the intercalation of RT molecules within the clay lattice. The in vitro release studies showed that MMT–RT released RT in a controlled manner. In the case of MMT–RT/Eudragit® E-100, both the release rate and the release percentages noticeably increased in the presence of Eudragit® E-100, because of its effective exchange with intercalated RT molecules. The release kinetics followed parabolic diffusion mechanism. Conclusion: MMT has great potential as a drug delivery carrier with various scenarios. The dosage of the MMT–RT/Eudragit® E-100 can be in the tablet form. The hybrid material and polymer-coated hybrids are microparticles.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract

The influences of aqueous polymeric subcoats and pellet composition on the release properties of a highly water-soluble drug, chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM), from enteric coated pellets were investigated. Three different aqueous polymeric subcoats, Eudragit® RD 100, Eudragit® RS 30D, and Opadry® AMB, were applied to 10% w/w CPM-loaded pellets that were then enteric coated with Eudragit® L 30D-55. Observed drug release from the coated pellets in acidic media correlated with water vapor transmission rates derived for the subcoat films. The influence of pellet composition on retarding the release of CPM from enteric coated pellets in 0.1 N HCl was investigated. The rate of drug release was greatest for pellets prepared with lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, or dibasic calcium phosphate compared with pellets formulated with citric acid and microcrystalline cellulose. Citric acid reduced the pellet micro-environmental pH, decreasing the amount of drug leakage in 0.1 N HCL during the first 2 hr of dissolution. Polymer flocculation was observed when CPM was added to the Eudragit L 30D-55 dispersion. An adsorption isotherm was generated for mixtures of CPM and the polymer and the data were found to fit the Freundlich model for adsorption. Adsorption of CPM to the polymer decreased with the addition of citric acid to the drug-polymer mixtures.  相似文献   

18.
Objective: The aim of this study was to adjust the zidovudine (AZT) release from solid tablets to an ideal profile, by developing matrices comprising swellable polymers with nonswellable ones.

Methods: Directly compressed matrices comprised different ratios of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose K15M and K100M, ethylcellulose, and methacrylic acid (Eudragit® RS PO and Eudragit® RL PO) were prepared. Technological characterization and evaluation of the in vitro release behavior were carried out. Cell density and viability following drug exposure were evaluated by the SRB method, for the Caco-2 line, while cell morphology was assessed upon Trypan blue staining.

Results: A specific formulation containing 5% of each excipient ? HPMC K15M, HPMC K100M, Eudragit® RS PO, and Eudragit® RL PO ? was found to yield the best release profile. Application of the Korsmeyer–Peppas model to the dissolution profile evidenced that a non-Fickian (anomalous) transport is involved in the drug release. Regarding the influence of the tablets’ composition on the drug’s cytotoxic effect toward the Caco-2 cell line, a reduction of cell biomass (0–15%) was verified for the distinct AZT formulations tested, F19 having displayed the highest cytotoxicity, after 24 and 48?h of incubation. Additionally, a high reversibility of the AZT effect was observed.

Conclusions: The results showed that the simultaneous application of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers can modulate the drug release process, leading to an improved efficacy and patient compliance. All AZT formulations studied were found to be cytotoxic against Caco-2 cells, F19 being the most effective one.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

Aqueous acrylic polymer dispersions were blended in order to improve processing and film formation from acrylic polymers with poor film forming properties and/or to obtain sustained-release film coated pellets with optimal barrier properties according to the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic requirements of the active substance.

Heterogeneous film structures are generally obtained from blends containing an association of hard acrylic polymers (Eudragit* RS30D, S100) with the soft Eudragit* NE30D when the drying temperature is lower than the minimum film forming temperature (MFT) of the hard acrylic polymers. The Tg and MFT values of the hard acrylic polymers are not modified in the presence of the soft polymer as shown by the thermograms of these blends which are generally characterized by two individual glassy transitions.

On the other hand, a wide range of drug dissolution profiles can be obtained from film coated pellets either by using, in different proportions, the insoluble but readily permeable Eudragit* RL30D in association with the less permeable Eudragit* RS30D in order to obtain pH-independent permeability membrane, or by mixing the anionic methacrylic acid copolymers (L30D, S100) with the neutral NE30D in order to obtain pH-dependent permeability film coated pellets showing higher dissolution release rates at intestinal pH values.  相似文献   

20.
The preparation of ketoprofen spray-dried microspheres can be affected by the long drug recrystallization time. Polymer type and drug–polymer ratio as well as manufacturing parameters affect the preparation. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the possibility to obtain ketoprofen spray-dried microspheres using the Eudragit® RS and RL; the influence of the spray-drying parameters on morphology, dimension, and physical stability of microspheres was studied. Ketoprofen microspheres based on Eudragit® blend can be prepared by spray-drying and the nebulization parameters do not influence significantly particle properties; nevertheless, they can be affected by drying and storage methods. No effect of the container material is found.  相似文献   

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