共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 225 毫秒
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生物试样的弹性测量可为生物体疾病的早期诊断和治疗提供依据。利用压痕法对生物试样的弹性进行了测量,并用有限元软件对压痕过程进行了模拟。研究发现,试样厚度对弹性测量存在影响,试样厚度越大,测量结果越接近试样真实的杨氏模量。当试样厚度为压痕深度的75倍时,测量误差仅为0.74%。又研究了压头速度对弹性测量结果的影响。研究发现,当压头速度较大时,由于摩擦力的作用,测量结果与试样弹性的真实值之间存在一定的差异。在模拟过程中添加摩擦力可准确反演试样的弹性,误差在5%以下。 相似文献
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李和平 《理化检验(物理分册)》2019,55(4)
指出了目前在许多关于硬度试验方法的标准和经典著作中都没有区分"压痕深度"和"装有压头的压杆位移"这两个不同的长度量。把装有压头的压杆位移当作压痕深度,对于洛氏硬度试验不会造成错误的结果;但把装有压头的压杆位移当作压痕深度计算压痕直径和布氏硬度值,则会造成明显的错误。提出了采用从压杆最大位移中扣除硬度计弹性变形得到的压痕深度计算压痕直径和布氏硬度值的方法,试验结果表明:这种方法计算得到的布氏硬度试验结果与采用光学系统测量压痕直径方法得到的结果相吻合;该方法兼具布氏硬度试验和快速布氏硬度试验的优点,可以既快速又准确地得到布氏硬度试验结果。 相似文献
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采用球形压头对闭孔铝泡沫材料进行了准静态压痕实验,研究了不同直径、铝泡沫相对密度及边界条件对铝泡沫的压痕硬度、吸能能力及能量吸收率的影响。研究表明,铝泡沫在球形压头作用下的响应曲线可采用幂函数形式进行描述,幂函数指数随相对密度的增大而线性增加。铝泡沫压痕处的断面显示铝泡沫变形被严格限制在压头之下,铝泡沫的压痕变形是局部的不均匀变形。铝泡沫的压痕硬度及吸能能力均随压头直径的增大而线性减小,但它们却均随铝泡沫相对密度的增大而线性增大;能量吸收率不随压头直径和铝泡沫相对密度而变化。在一定压痕深度范围内,刚性基础和简支条件对铝泡沫的压痕响应影响可以忽略不计。最后基于实验数据分别建立了压痕硬度和吸能能力与压头直径及铝泡沫相对密度的关系。 相似文献
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金属布氏硬度试验是用较大直径球体压出较大的压痕 ,用压痕表面面积与试验力之比计算出硬度值。该方法测出的硬度值比较稳定、精度高、操作简单。试件的制备较其他力学试样和硬度试样容易。试验误差来源于试验力、压头、压痕测量装置、试样、试验力保持时间等 ,评定测量不确定度以知晓试验结果的可信度。1 试验方法1 1 原理将一定直径球体压入试样表面 ,保持一定时间后卸除试验力 ,用压痕表面面积与试验力之比计算出硬度值 ,即 :HB =FS =FπDh=2FπD(D -D2 -d2 )式中 F为试验力 ,N ;S为压痕表面积 ,mm2 ;D为球体压头… 相似文献
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藉助于声发射技术,研究了在 Vickers 钻石压头作用下人工水晶的压痕断裂行为。压头对角线与晶体试样的相对取向是,使得水晶Ⅰ和水晶Ⅱ的压痕诱发径向/中位断裂,分别沿着(10(?)0)/(1(?)10)和(11(?)0/(1(?)00)晶面对发展。压痕断裂过程中的声发射特征表明,除了随着压痕特征参数的发展所引起的准静态—声发射外,有三个相互独立的,与径向/中位裂纹的成核、径向/中位裂纹突入试样表面、以及裂纹分岔或侧向裂纹萌生等过程相关的声发射效应。以 Vickers 压痕技术测得 K_(c2)的结果与以一般力学法及 Knoop 压痕技术的测试结果作了比较。断裂韧性与晶体学取向的关系亦作了分析。实验表明,水晶Ⅰ和水晶Ⅱ具有相同的 K_(1c)值。其原因是,两种试样的径向/中位裂纹实际上沿着同样的{1100}/{1120}晶面对扩展。至于从缺口梁法或 Knoop 压痕技术得到的 K_(1c)值,由于水晶Ⅰ和水晶Ⅱ的主裂纹分别沿着(1(?)10)和(1(?)00)晶面扩展;它们的 K_(1c)值与断裂能随着晶体学取向而变有关,因而也就各不相同。 相似文献
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采用有限元方法模拟纳米压痕过程的影响因素较多,依据正交实验原理提出了确定这些影响因素重要性的一种新方法.选取石英玻璃材料的屈服应力、加工硬化指数以及纳米压头的尖端半径为影响因素,由于材料与压头间的接触摩擦对仿真结果影响不大,且试样在进行纳米实验前都要进行抛光打磨处理,故不考虑摩擦系数和表面粗糙度的影响.将仿真结果与实验结果相对误差的绝对值作为正交实验的指标,利用极差分析可知压头半径是影响模拟结果最重要的因素,屈服应力和加工硬化指数只对模拟出的残余深度有一定的影响.同时通过对比模拟和实验的载荷一位移曲线,得到实际压头尖端半径为300nm,石英玻璃的屈服强度为8GPa,加工硬化指数为0.3 相似文献
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《Materials Science & Technology》2013,29(8):827-830
AbstractMultilayer protective coatings of alternate aluminium and titanium diboride TiB2 layers have been tested by nanoindentation to measure both hardness and Young's modulus values. The initial results show that the values obtained depend upon the depth of indentation. An alternative view is presented to show that by considering the percentage of each coating in contact with the indenter a single relationship between either hardness or Young's modulus and the amount of aluminium layer penetrated can be produced. This technique allows the influence of the percentage ceramic on the results obtained to be identified. Comparison of the nanoindentation results with three point bending tests show how the coating structure influences the results obtained. 相似文献
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Spatio-temporal development of the endothelial glycocalyx layer and its mechanical property in vitro
The endothelial glycocalyx is a thin layer of polysaccharide matrix on the luminal surface of endothelial cells (ECs), which contains sulphated proteoglycans and glycoproteins. It is a mechanotransducer and functions as an amplifier of the shear stress on ECs. It controls the vessel permeability and mediates the blood–endothelium interaction. This study investigates the spatial distribution and temporal development of the glycocalyx on cultured ECs, and evaluates mechanical properties of the glycocalyx using atomic force microscopy (AFM) nano-indentation. The glycocalyx on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) is observed under a confocal microscope. Manipulation of the glycocalyx is achieved using heparanase or neuraminidase. The Young''s modulus of the cell membrane is calculated from the force–distance curve during AFM indentation. Results show that the glycocalyx appears predominantly on the edge of cells in the early days in culture, e.g. up to day 5 after seeding. On day 7, the glycocalyx is also seen in the apical area of the cell membrane. The thickness of the glycocalyx is approximately 300 nm–1 μm. AFM indentation reveals the Young''s modulus of the cell membrane decreases from day 3 (2.93 ± 1.16 kPa) to day 14 (0.35 ± 0.15 kPa) and remains unchanged to day 21 (0.33 ± 0.19 kPa). Significant difference in the Young''s modulus is also seen between the apical (1.54 ± 0.58 kPa) and the edge (0.69 ± 0.55 kPa) of cells at day 7. By contrast, neuraminidase-treated cells (i.e. without the glycocalyx) have similar values between day 3 (3.18 ± 0.88 kPa), day 14 (2.12 ± 0.78 kPa) and day 21 (2.15 ± 0.48 kPa). The endothelial glycocalyx in vitro shows temporal development in the early days in culture. It covers predominantly the edge of cells initially and appears on the apical membrane of cells as time progresses. The Young''s modulus of the glycocalyx is deduced from Young''s moduli of cell membranes with and without the glycocalyx layer. Our results show the glycocalyx on cultured HUVECs has a Young''s modulus of approximately 0.39 kPa. 相似文献
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《Drug development and industrial pharmacy》2013,39(10):1251-1259
ABSTRACTStandard tensile strength and peel adhesion tests were carried out to investigate interactions of pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) with several backing foils used for transdermal patches. Seven branded transdermal patches (Alora®, Cutanum®, Estraderm MX® 50, Estraderm TTS® 50, Fem7®-50 μg, Menorest®, Oesclim®) were included in the investigation. Their skin adhesion measured in several clinical trials was compared with the results of the laboratory measurements according to PSTC-1 (Peel Adhesion for Single Coated Tapes 180° Angle, Pressure Sensitive Tape Council, Illinois, 1996), such as Young's modulus at 3% elongation and peel adhesion to stainless steel. Data obtained for the PSA-coated backings (laminates) show increasing elasticity with increasing PSA thickness. Interactions of PSAs with backing foil became evident in significant changes in Young's modulus by low PSA thickness, as seen for the silicone adhesive. The Young's moduli of the laminates were found to be influenced not only by the elasticity of the backing foil but also by the chemical structure of the PSA. There was no correlation between the elasticity and peel adhesion of both the laminates and the branded patches. Likewise, for the branded patches the peel adhesion to stainless steel does not correlate with skin adhesion values obtained from clinical trials.The Young's modulus of the branded patches was between 4 N/mm2 (Oesclim®) and 501 N/mm2 (Fem7®). For the branded transdermal patches no correlation was found between Young's modulus and both the peel force on stainless steel and the skin adhesion reported in studies. 相似文献
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B. Codan V. Martinelli L. Mestroni O. Sbaizero 《Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications》2013,33(6):3303-3308
Mechanical properties of single cells are of increasing interest both from a fundamental cell biological perspective and in the context of disease diagnostics. In this respect, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has become a powerful tool for imaging and assessing mechanical properties of biological samples. However, while these tests are typically carried out on chemically fixed cells, the most important data is that on living cells. The present study applies AFM technique to assess the Young's modulus of two cell lines: mouse embryonic fibroblasts (NIH/3T3) and human epithelial cancer cells (SW-13). Both living cells and those fixed with paraformaldehyde were investigated. This analysis quantifies the difference between Young's modulus for these two conditions and provides a coefficient to relate them. Knowing the relation between Young's modulus of living and fixed cells, allows carrying out and comparing data obtained during steady-state measurements on fixed cells that are more frequently available in the clinical and research settings and simpler to maintain and probe. 相似文献
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By using the two-dimensional quasicontinuum method, the nanoindentation process on a single crystal copper thin film with surface roughness is simulated to study the effect of surface morphology on the measurements of mechanical parameters. The nanohardness and elastic modulus are calculated according to Oliver-Pharr’s method. The obtained results show a good agreement with relevant theoretical and experimental results. It is found that surface roughness has a significant influence on both the nanohardness and elastic modulus of thin films determined from nanoindentation tests. The effect of such factors as the indenter size, indentation depth and surface morphology are also examined. To rule out the influence of surface morphology, the indentation depth should be much greater than the characteristic size of surface roughness and a reasonable indenter size should be chosen. This study is helpful for identifying the mechanical parameters of rough thin films by nanoindentation test and designing nanoindentation experiments. 相似文献
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Male stag beetles carry large and heavy mandibles that arose through sexual selection over mating rights. Although the mandibles of Cyclommatus metallifer males are used in pugnacious fights, they are surprisingly slender. Our bite force measurements show a muscle force reduction of 18% for tip biting when compared with bites with the teeth located halfway along the mandibles. This suggests a behavioural adaptation to prevent failure. We confirmed this by constructing finite-element (FE) models that mimic both natural bite situations as well as the hypothetical situation of tip biting without muscle force modulation. These models, based on micro-CT images, investigate the material stresses in the mandibles for different combinations of bite location and muscle force. Young''s modulus of the cuticle was experimentally determined to be 5.1 GPa with the double indentation method, and the model was validated by digital image correlation on living beetles. FE analysis proves to be a valuable tool in the investigation of the trade-offs of (animal) weapon morphology and usage. Furthermore, the demonstrated bite force modulation in male stag beetles suggests the presence of mechanosensors inside the armature. 相似文献
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Morteza Khalilian Mahdi Navidbakhsh Mojtaba Rezazadeh Valojerdi Mahmoud Chizari Poopak Eftekhari Yazdi 《Journal of the Royal Society Interface》2010,7(45):687-694
The zona pellucida (ZP) is the spherical layer that surrounds the mammalian oocyte. The physical hardness of this layer plays a crucial role in fertilization and is largely unknown because of the lack of appropriate measuring and modelling methods. The aim of this study is to measure the biomechanical properties of the ZP of human/mouse ovum and to test the hypothesis that Young''s modulus of the ZP varies with fertilization. Young''s moduli of ZP are determined before and after fertilization by using the micropipette aspiration technique, coupled with theoretical models of the oocyte as an elastic incompressible half-space (half-space model), an elastic compressible bilayer (layered model) or an elastic compressible shell (shell model). Comparison of the models shows that incorporation of the layered geometry of the ovum and the compressibility of the ZP in the layered and shell models may provide a means of more accurately characterizing ZP elasticity. Evaluation of results shows that although the results of the models are different, all confirm that the hardening of ZP will increase following fertilization. As can be seen, different choices of models and experimental parameters can affect the interpretation of experimental data and lead to differing mechanical properties. 相似文献
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Free-standing polypyrrole films, neutral or doped with ClO4−, have been mechanically characterized. Their elasticity of both dry and wet states was characterized by mean of the Young's modulus. In addition, the Young's modulus was calculated as a function of the film oxidation deep by “in situ” polarization at different potentials ranging from − 0.6 up to 0.8 V. The samples also were characterized under oxidation and reduction by reverse constant currents. When the films were submitted to a constant stretching force the length variations were obtained. At a constant length of the sample the electro-chemo-mechanical force developed by the redox processes was obtained. As predicted by the ESCR model lineal variations of both, length and force, as a function of the consumed charge were obtained. 相似文献