FaBiO and CiTO: Ontologies for describing bibliographic resources and citations

Semantic publishing is the use of Web and Semantic Web technologies to enhance the meaning of a published journal article, to facilitate its automated discovery, to enable its linking to semantically related articles, to provide access to data within the article in actionable form, and to facilitate integration of data between articles. Recently, semantic publishing has opened the possibility of a major step forward in the digital publishing world. For this to succeed, new semantic models and visualization tools are required to fully meet the specific needs of authors and publishers. In this article, we introduce the principles and architectures of two new ontologies central to the task of semantic publishing: FaBiO, the FRBR-aligned Bibliographic Ontology, an ontology for recording and publishing bibliographic records of scholarly endeavours on the Semantic Web, and CiTO, the Citation Typing Ontology, an ontology for the characterization of bibliographic citations both factually and rhetorically. We present those two models step by step, in order to emphasise their features and to stress their advantages relative to other pre-existing information models. Finally, we review the uptake of FaBiO and CiTO within the academic and publishing communities.     

FaBiO and CiTO: Ontologies for describing bibliographic resources and citations

Semantic publishing is the use of Web and Semantic Web technologies to enhance the meaning of a published journal article, to facilitate its automated discovery, to enable its linking to semantically related articles, to provide access to data within the article in actionable form, and to facilitate integration of data between articles. Recently, semantic publishing has opened the possibility of a major step forward in the digital publishing world. For this to succeed, new semantic models and visualization tools are required to fully meet the specific needs of authors and publishers. In this article, we introduce the principles and architectures of two new ontologies central to the task of semantic publishing: FaBiO, the FRBR-aligned Bibliographic Ontology, an ontology for recording and publishing bibliographic records of scholarly endeavours on the Semantic Web, and CiTO, the Citation Typing Ontology, an ontology for the characterization of bibliographic citations both factually and rhetorically. We present those two models step by step, in order to emphasise their features and to stress their advantages relative to other pre-existing information models. Finally, we review the uptake of FaBiO and CiTO within the academic and publishing communities.     

排序学习研究进展与展望

排序学习利用机器学习技术去训练排序模型以解决排序问题,是信息检索与机器学习交叉领域的一个新兴研究热点.越来越多的排序学习方法已经应用于实际系统中,如搜索引擎和推荐系统等.本文概括了排序学习的研究进展,并进行展望.首先,阐述了排序学习问题.然后,对排序学习方法进行了分类,并重点分析了依据训练排序模型时所采用的不同机器学习技术的排序学习方法类别.本文还介绍了一些代表性的标准排序学习数据集,对排序学习方法在若干领域的成功应用进行了总结,并归纳了一些排序学习方法软件包.最后,对排序学习的未来发展趋势和挑战进行了展望和探讨.     

遗传规划算法在化合物设计、筛选研究中的应用

采用计算机科学中新兴的遗传规划算法思想，结合化学物质的本质特点，运用进化操作来实现化合物的合成设计和筛选。文中针对算法运用讨论了函数集、终止集问题，通过计算元素组成的字符串的化合价的结果来确定适应度函数，既符合化学学科的本质规律，又满足了算法的要求。通过复制、交换和突变操作，经过多代次的进化终止，取得了满意的结果。文章还针对其实用性，从化学本质出发，提出了建议和研究方向。可以说本文是遗传规划在化学化合物合成筛选中运用的成功探索，同时也为进一步研究打下了坚实的基础。     

Virtual surfaces and the influence of cues to surface shape on grasp

This research compared grasps to real surfaces with grasps to virtual surfaces, and used virtual surfaces to examine the role of cues to surface shape in grasp. The first experiment investigated the kinematics of overhand grasps to real and virtual objects. The results showed that, compared with grasps to real surfaces, grasps to virtual objects were different in the deceleration phase of the grasp movement and were more variable in their endpoint position. The second experiment used several measures to examine the relationship between the visual perception of a surface and the decision to grasp the surface with either an over-or underhand grasp. It was found that visual perception of the surface was consistent with the grasping decision. The third experiment used virtual surfaces to examine how the removal of visual cues to shape affected the decision to switch from over- to underhand grasp. Results showed that the orientation at which the decision switched was dependent on the visual information content. Overall, the results showed that subtle differences existed between the reach to grasp movements towards real and virtual surfaces and that the decision to choose between grasp types was dependent on the visual information used to depict the virtual surface. These results are discussed in relation to the design and use of input devices to enable manipulation of three-dimensional objects in virtual worlds.     

A self-adaptation scheme for workflow management in multi-agent systems

Business processes, operational environment, variability of resources and user needs may change from time to time. An effective workflow management software system must be able to accommodate these changes. The ability to dynamically adapt to changes is a key success factor for workflow management systems. Holonic multi-agent systems (HMS) provide a flexible and reconfigurable architecture to accommodate changes based on dynamic organization and collaboration of autonomous agents. Although HMS provides a potential architecture to accommodate changes, the dynamic organization formed in HMS poses a challenge in the development of a new software development methodology to dynamically compose the services and adapt to changes as needed. This motivates us to study and propose a methodology to design self-adaptive software systems based on the HMS architecture. In this paper, we formulate a workflow adaptation problem (WAP) and propose an interaction mechanism based on contract net protocol (CNP) to find a solution to WAP to compose the services based on HMS. The interaction mechanism relies on a service publication and discovery scheme to find a set of task agents and a set of actor agents to compose the required services in HMS. We propose a viable self-adaptation scheme to reconfigure the agents and the composed services based on cooperation of agents in HMS to accommodate the changes in workflow and capabilities of actors. We propose architecture for our design methodology and present an application scenario to illustrate our idea.     

An empirical study of managers’ usage intention in BI

In a changing business environment, data within and around organizations rapidly accumulate. In recent years, many organizations have implemented business intelligence (BI) to manage and refine the vast stocks of data. The effective use of BI can support managers to make faster and better decisions. The goal of this study is to investigate how to increase a manager’s intention to read information and to create reports. Based on the technology acceptance model, a research model is developed and tested to assess the factors (i.e., usefulness and ease of use) affecting a manager’s intention to use BI. In addition, the relationship between the intention to read information and the intention to create reports is linked using Dholakia and Bagozzi (D&B) model. A survey of 271 managers supports the proposed model. The empirical results show that the usefulness of BI directly and indirectly affects the intention to read information. Both the reading and creating interfaces of BI affect the intention to read information and the intention to create reports, respectively. The intention to read information positively and significantly affects the intention to create reports. Given the empirical findings, this study provides theoretical and managerial insights for organizations and managers.     

Trailer truck trajectory optimization: the transportation of components for the Airbus A380

European aircraft manufacturer, Airbus, has started a program to develop the largest aircraft ever built, the Airbus A380, which would be able to carry between 550 to 800 passengers on two decks. The six components of the airplane are to be produced in different European cities. They need to be transported from these cities to Toulouse, France, for assembly, and several means of transportation have been investigated. The sizes of the freights, the length of the itinerary, and the narrowness of the critical passages constitute a challenge that classical transportation techniques in the domain of oversized convoys cannot easily overcome. Therefore, Airbus and the French national agency in charge of road management launched a research and development project divided into two parts. The objective of the first part is to adapt functions first to develop for mobile robots to the complex kinematics of trailer-truck systems and integrating these functions into a software platform. The second part of the project aims to define and develop a computer-aided driving system on board the vehicles in order to help the drivers carry out their task. This paper provides a brief overview of the state of the art in trajectory planning for mobile robots and vehicles, and discusses the development of original solutions to address both the kinematic complexity of one of the vehicles and the need to optimize the distance to obstacles.     

一种基于元组空间的智能传感器协同感知机制

随着具有一定计算能力和无线通信能力的智能传感器(称为mote)的出现,越来越多的物联网应用可以实现对环境及其变化的就地感知、就地决策和就地反应.但因为mote的感知能力和感知范围有限,它们需要协同感知才能更全面地感知环境的状态,才能更好地适应环境的变化.而传统的mote协同感知的实现方法要求开发人员过多地关注mote之间的交互逻辑,并且mote应用也无法适应复杂环境的不断变化.为了避免开发人员在交互逻辑上花费过多的精力,同时保障开发出来的mote应用系统能够适应不稳定的外界环境,提出了一种基于元组空间的mote协同感知支撑机制,使得mote之间的协同感知过程(包括交互的建立过程以及对环境变化的适应过程)对开发人员完全透明.最后实现了一个简单的应用场景,展示了该方法如何满足功能需求以及在环境发生变化时如何对环境进行适应.     

Design of an optimized procedure to predict opposite performances in porthole die extrusion

The main objective of advanced manufacturing control techniques is to provide efficient and accurate tools in order to control the set-up of machines and manufacturing systems. Recent developments and implementations of expert systems and neural networks support this aim. This research explores the combined use of neural networks and Taguchi’s method to enhance the performance of porthole die extrusion process; the energy saving and the quality of the welding line are two conflicting objectives of the process taken into account. The complexity of the analysis, due to the number of the involved variables, does not allow the representation of the specified outputs by means of a simple analytical approach. The implementation of a more accurate and sophisticated tool, such as the neural network, results more efficient and easier to be integrated into a simple “ready to use” procedure for predicting the investigated outputs. The main limit to wider implementation of neural networks is the huge computation resources (times and capacities) required to build the data set; a finite element approach was adopted to overcome the time and money wasting typical of experimental investigations. Satisfactory results in terms of prediction capability of the highlighted outputs were found. Finally, a simple and integrated interface was designed to make easier the application of the proposed procedure and to allow the generalization to other manufacturing processes.     

The foundations of a theory-aware authoring tool for CSCL design

One of the most useful ways to enhance collaboration is to create scenarios where learners are able to interact more effectively. Nevertheless, the design of pedagogically sound and well-thought-out collaborative learning scenarios is a complex issue. This is due to the context of group learning where the synergy among learners’ interactions affects learning processes and, hence, the learning outcome. Although many advances have been made to support the designing of collaborative learning scenarios through technology, a more systematic approach is lacking. With the limitations of the current designing methods and tools, it is difficult to develop intelligent authoring systems that can guide users in order to produce more effective collaboration. One of the main difficulties with creating a more consistent (computer-understandable) approach to designing collaboration is the necessity of proposing better ways to formalize the group learning processes. In this paper, we present an innovative approach that uses ontologies and concepts from learning theories to create a framework that represents collaborative learning and its processes. Ontologies provide the necessary formalization to represent collaboration, while learning theories provide the concepts to justify and support the development of effective learning scenarios. Such an approach contributes to establish the foundations for the development of the next generation of intelligent authoring systems referred to as theory-aware systems. To verify the viability and usefulness of our proposed ontological framework in the context of systematic design, the development and use of an intelligent authoring tool for CSCL design is presented. This system is able to reason on ontologies to give suggestions that help users to create theory-compliant collaborative learning scenarios. We carried out several experiments with teachers in a geometry drawing course and the results indicate that the system helps teachers to create and interchange their scenarios more easily and facilitates the selection of important pedagogical strategies that influence positively the designing and effectiveness of group activities.     

集群负载均衡--CSM的实现

对于现在的互联网络通信状况,负载均衡显示其越来越多的重要性,通常实现负载均衡是使用软件并结合相应的算法,该文所描述的是利用Cisco公司的CSM模块来实现安全可靠的负载均衡,CSM模块将客户机的请求分发到不同的虚拟服务器,配合Cisco MSFC模块并合理地进行DNS的配置,实现网络服务的负载均衡。简要介绍了CSM模块的工作原理,如何配置DNS,如何设置虚拟主服务器,以及如何对系统CSM模块进行设置做了描述。     

个性化的动态网站建设研究与设计

本次设计主要设计了一个校园网站,本文首先介绍了建立本网站的意义。接着简要阐述了Intemet的相关知识及设计一个网站的步骤。然后具体阐述了本网站的整体规划与设计情况,并对制作网页所用到的相关软件的特点与应用作了概括说明,其中主要包括用FrontPage制作页面,用Access制作后台数据库,用asp实现互动功能,用Photoshop6．0加工处理图像等,并讲述了它们的使用要点及其方法。     

入侵检测技术及网络安全的探讨

随着计算机技术尤其是网络技术的发展,使得人们在信息利用和资源共享上带来了很大的便利.与此同时,人们又面临着由于入侵而引发的一系列安全问题的困扰.入侵检测技术是一种主动保护网络资源免受黑客攻击的安全技术.IDS(入侵检测系统)作为对防火墙及其有益的补充,能够帮助网络系统快速发现攻击的发生,提高了信息安全基础结构的完整性.介绍了入侵检测的基本概念,对目前存在的入侵检测技术和方法进行了分类和比较,最后讨论了入侵检测技术存在的问题及其应用前景.     

The relationship of learning to technology-based enhancements

The future of educational technology rests on the ability of educators to interpret and implement sound educational theory into creative and innovative uses of educational technology. Historically, as new technologies are introduced educators have debated their relevance to instructional methodology. They have asked this two part question: “Does technology improve learning?”, and if so “By how much?”. The purpose of this article is not to answer the question, but to elaborate on it and to offer a view that is at the same time a yes and a no. The problem seems not to be the technology, but the failure of proponents to adequately trace the variables of their respective technology techniques to clearly defined learning processes. This article discusses six basic educational components necessary to trace technology variables directly to specific learning processes. The purpose of this article is not to explain in detail all of the components, but to propose that an answer to the question on technology and improved learning can be done in part by showing the direct linkage of technological variables to specific learning conditions and processes.     

低碳经济时代的建筑之道

低碳建筑是营造可持续发展未来的关键。本文通过对低碳建筑的全面分析以及对全球知名的设计实例的分析,探讨适应低碳经济时代的建筑发展的方向、目标,指出低碳建设和设计要走向集约型、走向自然、走向效率设计、走向适应性设计、走向循环设计、走向智能化设的发展途径,以及低碳建筑未来的发展方向。     

Comparison of different organisations of assembly work in the European automotive industry

The European automotive industry as a key industry of modern economies tries to be competetive with the help of chaning work organisations. One of the main issues besides just in time concepts and outsourcing is the implementation of team work and the integration of supporting functions. The production system often limits opportunities for change. Improvements of ergonomical issues and work load have to precede successful team work. The survey tries to give answers to the questions as to which activities are taken over from management levels to the shop floor, how far the process of change has proceeded and which necessary steps towards a human-oriented work organisation and product design have to be taken.Relevance to industryThe systematic evaluation approach can serve as an exemplary procedure to detect weaknesses in the manufacturing process. It can help to compare actual to target values regarding the work organisation. The gap between management targets of new working structures and the actual activities of the work force helps to identify future fields of action.     

基于大数据平台的点负荷近中期负荷预测及行业负荷增长特征分析

为保障电力部门对于台区内设备的维护,需要预测台区的负荷。因此供电部门就必须具备预测未来一年以至更长时间的台区负荷的能力,防止因负荷过载对变压器造成损坏,并保证城市的可靠供电。对台区负荷的预测难点在于对于城中村的预测,城中村流动人口多,产业类型复杂多样,受就业环境、经济发展的影响深,表现为负荷的变化相较于其他的台区随机性更强。鉴于此原因,我们以大数据平台为依托,进行单因素变量的预测,采用季节分解模型对历史用电负荷进行季节分解;然后分别用线性回归和自回归积分滑动平均模型（ARIMA）对季节分解出来的趋势和季节、残差成分进行预测,获得精度良好的负荷预测模型,最后选择两个特征鲜明的行业进行比较,分析其负荷增长特征。     

New trends on e-Procurement applying semantic technologies: Current status and future challenges

The present paper introduces and reviews existing technology and research works in the field of e-Procurement. More specifically this survey aims to collect those relevant approaches that have tackled the challenge of delivering more advanced and intelligent e-Procurement management systems due to its relevance in the industry to afford more timely, adaptable and flexible decisions in purchasing processes. Although existing tools and techniques have demonstrated their ability to manage e-Procurement processes as a part of a supply management system there is a lack of interoperability among tools, tangled dependencies between processes or difficulties to exploit existing data and information to name a few that are preventing a proper use of the new dynamic and data-based environment. On the other hand semantic-based technologies emerge to provide the adequate building blocks to represent domain-knowledge and elevate the meaning of information resources through a common and shared data model (RDF) with a formal query language (SPARQL) and accessible via the Internet Protocols. In this sense the Linked Data effort has gained momentum to apply the principles of the aforementioned initiative to boost the re-use of information and data across different tools and processes. That is why authors review both existing open issues in the context e-Procurement with special focus on public procurement and semantic-based approaches to address them. To do so a preliminary research study is conducted to assess the state of the art in the context of e-Procurement and semantic-based systems. Afterwards main drawbacks of existing e-Procurement systems are presented to narrow down in semantic-based approaches applied to this field. Once the current status in both areas is reviewed, authors purpose the use and creation of an e-Procurement index to evaluate the quality of service of procurement systems. In this light the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used to set up an initial weight for each indicator in the index and to perform a first comparison between traditional and semantic-based approaches. Finally some discussion, conclusions and future challenges are also outlined.     

Supervised fuzzy clustering for rule extraction

This paper deals with the application of orthogonal transforms and fuzzy clustering to extract fuzzy rules from data. It is proposed to use the orthogonal least squares method to supervise the progress of the fuzzy clustering algorithm and remove clusters of less importance with respect to describing the data. Clustering takes place in the product space of systems inputs and outputs and each cluster corresponds to a fuzzy IF-THEN rule. By initializing the clustering with an overestimated number of clusters and subsequently remove less important ones as the clustering progresses, it is sought to obtain a suitable partition of the data in an automated manner. The approach is generally applicable to the fuzzy c-means and related algorithms. The adaptive distance norm fuzzy clustering is studied and applied to the identification of Takagi-Sugeno type rules. Both a synthetic example as well as a real-world modeling problem are considered to illustrate the working and the applicability of the algorithm