Research into the use of statistical quality control in british manufacturing industry — part I

The work described in this paper is part of a large, Government-funded investigation into the usage of statistical methods of quality control (SQC) in British manufacturing industry. This paper reports the results of an investigation of fifteen firms which claimed in earlier work to be successful users of SQC. It is shown that six of the companies were in fact not regularly using recognized SQC techniques. Some general conclusions are drawn from the activities of these, and the remaining nine companies which were examined in detail.     

Organizational Change Through Quality Deposits

This article sets out the argument that despite the perceived relative lack of success with Total Quality Management, some things have actually been learned and some changes have been made in the organizational processes, systems, and culture by those involved. The key question examined in the article is how this learning and these changes, as a form of quality deposits, can be retained within the organization so that they actually build up over time and eventually make the organization ripe for major improvement change. The article sets out positive arguments for this, although it is pointed out that more research is still needed. It is also hypothesized that this is probably the most likely way in which change actually happens within large complex organizations.     

Quality Management in Pakistan's Knitwear Industry

Although quality is a critical success factor for all types of business, its salience is to be driven home in Pakistan's business environment in general and its export-oriented business segment in Pakistan in particular. As a first part of this effort, we chose to study quality management in Pakistan's knitwear industry, whose combined share with readymade garments in Pakistan's total exports rose to 16.7% by 1997/1998. We mailed a postal self-completion questionnaire to 59 members of the Pakistan Knitwear and Sweaters Exporters Association. The response rate was 29%. It was found that Pakistan's knitwear industry was in various stages of development in quality management, with greater concentration in the quality inspection mode. Although there are attempts to graduate to quality assurance and beyond, it was found that considerable distance has yet to be traversed before Pakistan's knitwear industry acquires a quality philosophy as a part of its overall business approach industrywide. As part of a statistical test, however, advanced quality management concepts were found applicable in Pakistan, although the application is currently limited. These concepts must gain in popularity.     

Transition from quality circles to total involvement in semiconductor manufacturing

Eight years of experience with quality circles has shown a progression toward the achievement of total quality. Significant positive results have led to the evolution from a voluntary programme to the implementation of a non-voluntary programme that includes functional supervisors. Each team meets for an hour per week during normal work hours as an integral part of the job. Over 83 per cent of manufacturing and support groups employee participation has been recorded to date and at present 62 teams are functioning. This article will present the details of this programme's progress towards quality excellence.     

The use of expert systems in total quality management: An exploratory study

This paper explores the potential for the use of expert systems in total quality management (TQM). The study was carried out under the auspices of the first multi-company programme of research into TQM. Among the findings are that it is feasible to run expert systems on personal (and other) computers in order to assist with aspects of TQM such as statistical process control, quality costing, goods receiving, corrective action procedures, supplier development, quality function deployment and field failure analysis, and that the potential application of expert systems to TQM was received with some degree of enthusiasm by the personnel with whom the concept was discussed. It is also pointed out that the most difficult task in producing an expert system is acquisition of knowledge, and that knowledge elicitation can be facilitated by use of the quality assurance mapping technique—Q-MAP.     

转变观念,搞好质量体系建设

阐述了计量技术机构在按照国际标准建立质量体系过程，应当转变的观念，思想，习惯和办法。     

Quality Management in Pakistan's Readymade Garments' Industry

Pakistan's readymade garments' industry is a key player in Pakistan's industry in general, and its textile industrial output and exports in particular. In a liberalizing international trade regime, quality will be a critical success factor in the international competitiveness of Pakistan's readymade garments. Research in quality management in Pakistan's readymade garments' industry was undertaken. To gain further information, a postal self-completion questionnaire was mailed to 101 members of the Pakistan Readymade Garments' and Exporters' Association (PRGMEA). The response rate was 32%. It was found that while this industrial segment was in various stages of development, it needs to graduate fast to advanced quality management concepts of Kaizen and total quality management in order to maintain its competitive advantage in an environment that will soon be liberalized fully.     

Translation of the baldrige award criteria to a context more accessible to small companies

Experience has shown that many small companies find it too costly or impractical to use the criteria of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award as a tool to improve their quality culture. A statelevel award has found a way to make the criteria more accessible to small companies without diluting the essence of the criteria. The Connecticut Quality Improvement Award has translated the specifics of the Baldrige criteria to a set of 37 questions to which applicants, or those wishing to use the criteria for self-assessment, can respond with considerably reduced effort.     

ISO9001-2000在爆破公司质量管理中的应用

根据ISO9000系列标准的要求,结合爆破公司质量管理的实际情况,制定保证爆破质量的管理办法,使爆破施工有序化、规范化,为在爆破行业中推行质量管理提供参考。     

爆破简讯

分析了多规格石台阶爆破开采的技术、管理方面的特性,以便更好地借鉴和应用常规机械及其零部件流水作业生产组织的经验,实现多规格石的流水作业高强度开采。两者的相同点是其生产过程均由不同工序组成,且各个工序之间的顺序不能随意打乱;不同点是规格石开采的工程背景和开采石料的技术要求,有工程自身的特性制约,不同于统一、规范的工厂车间建立和组织。因此,根据上述两者间的异同点,对流水作业技术进行优化改进并引入到多规格石爆破开采领域,大大提高了规格石开采的效率和效益。     

质量管理结构模型研究中的路径分析

以美国Baladrige奖评价模型为依据，用近期上海质量管理科学研究院对上海企业质量管理实践状况的调研结果为基本数据，采用路径分析法，对质量管理的结构模型中各要素间的因果关系进行了定量分析。统计结果有助于企业找出目前质量管理现行体系中的瓶颈问题；进而讨论了实施质量改进的途径。     

Research into the use of statistical quality control in british manufacturing industry-part II

The work described in this paper is part of a large. Government-funded investigation into the usage of statistical methods of quality control (SQC) in British manufacturing industry. This paper reports the results of work in seventeen companies on the implementation of SQC. The results are summarized by the use of evaluation scales and attributes, and measures of success and barriers are identified. Some general conclusions are drawn which point to a methodology for the introduction of SQC.     

Improving Product Design Using Quality Function Deployment: The School Furniture Case in Developing Countries

This paper presents a quality function deployment (QFD) analysis of the design of school furniture in developing countries, using Costa Rica as the baseline. The dynamic hierarchy process model for QFD was used to help the product development team make effective decisions in satisfying the requirements of the customer constrained by limited resources. A number of total quality management (TQM) tools were employed during the development of the school furniture solution. A dynamic, cross-functional team organization was used. A simple form of quality function deployment was used to identify the desirable product design, safety, and service features.