杨梅果汁蛋白粉稳定性及其花色苷生物利用率

杨梅货架期短,富含花色苷,豌豆蛋白营养丰富不含致敏原。该研究以豌豆蛋白为壁材,经高压均质和喷雾干燥技术将杨梅果汁包埋加工成杨梅-蛋白粉固体饮料。通过扫描电镜、傅里叶红外分析(Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, FTIR)、热重分析(thermogravimetric analysis, TG)、粒度测定和电位分析对杨梅-蛋白粉的包埋特性、稳定性进行表征。同时利用体外模拟消化对杨梅-蛋白粉中花色苷的生物利用率进行分析。结果表明,杨梅-蛋白粉形貌圆润,与豌豆蛋白粉相比粒径更小且均匀。FTIR分析表明,制备杨梅-蛋白粉对豌豆蛋白的二级结构有一定的影响(α-螺旋下降1.22%,β-折叠下降1.98%,β-转角上升3.72%,无规则卷曲下降0.52%),TG分析表明杨梅-蛋白粉较好地保留了豌豆蛋白热稳定性。杨梅-蛋白粉饮料Zeta电位为-45 mV,显著高于豌豆蛋白(-18 mV),具有更高的稳定性。体外模拟消化结果表明,在胃液中消化30 min后,果肉、果汁和杨梅-蛋白粉中花色苷的生物利用率分别为91.23%、99.31%和74.98%,120 m...     

杨梅花色苷的提取分离研究

为开发杨梅花色苷资源,时杨梅花色苷的提取分离工艺进行了研究.通过对乙醇浓度、提取温度、pH值、提取时闻和料液比等单因素的浸提效果的比较分析.确定了3个主要的影响因子.即:提取温度、料液比、乙醇浓度.通过正交试验得到杨梅花色苷的最佳提取工艺条件,即:乙醇体积分数70%、提取温度40℃、提取液pH3、提取时间2h、料液比1:10.在此条件下,杨梅花色苷的提取率为91.83%.利用AB～8、D101和ADS-17 3种大孔吸附树脂分离杨梅花青素.结果表明:ADS-17对杨梅花色苷基本无吸附,AB-8和D101分离杨梅花色苷的效果相近.以体积分数60%的乙醇溶液为洗脱荆,上样pH3时,两种大孔树脂分离得到的提取物中花色苷得率分别为70.00%和67.08%,产品得率分别为1.44%和1.38%.     

黑加仑果汁中花色苷的贮藏稳定性

以黑加仑果汁为原料,研究不同温度、不同可溶性固形物含量和抗氧化剂（抗坏血酸）存在条件下贮藏过程中果汁花色苷的化学稳定性、降解动力学及颜色变化。结果表明：果汁中花色苷在4 ℃、可溶性固形物含量9°Brix条件下较稳定,随着贮藏温度升高和可溶性固形物含量升高,花色苷残留率越低。贮藏过程中花色苷的降解符合一级反应动力学,反应速率常数k越大,半衰期t1/2越小,活化能Ea越低。添加50 mg/L抗坏血酸使果汁花色苷降解速率常数k明显增大,半衰期t1/2和降解活化能Ea明显减小,因此抗坏血酸对花色苷残留率的减少有促进作用。在贮藏过程中随着时间的推移,花色苷不断的减少,果汁发生褐变,亮度和红色度逐渐降低,黄色度逐渐增加,而且抗坏血酸对贮藏过程中花色苷的颜色变化具有促进作用。     

蓝靛果汁花色苷热降解动力学的研究

以新榨蓝靛果汁为试材,采用控制温度、调节pH值、连续充N2等方法,探讨蓝靛果汁花色苷的热降解动力学,为深加工条件的优化控制及保质期的预测提供科学的依据。结果表明:蓝靛果花色苷对热不稳定,花色苷的降解过程符合一级动力学反应。随着pH值和温度的升高,蓝靛果花色苷的热降解半衰期(t1/2)和活化能(Ea)显著下降,研究表明充氮气处理可以提高蓝靛果花色苷的稳定性。     

不同基质条件下蓝莓果汁成分对花色苷稳定性的作用

以蓝莓果汁和纯化的蓝莓花色苷为原料,通过比较不同基质中花色苷对p H、温度、光照、金属离子以及部分添加剂的稳定性,研究蓝莓果汁成分对花色苷稳定性的作用。结果表明:花色苷在p H≤3时比较稳定;对光和高温比较敏感。蔗糖、苯甲酸钠及Na+、K+、Ca2+、Cu2+、Fe2+对花色苷的稳定性无显著影响;VC可以增加果汁中花色苷的稳定性,而对纯化后的花色苷稳定性具有破坏作用。在上述基质及加工条件下,蓝莓果汁成分在3≤p H≤6、避光、温度≤100℃等贮存条件以及添加苯甲酸钠、蔗糖、Na+、K+、Ca2+、Cu2+、Fe2+、Fe3+等条件下对花色苷的稳定性无显著影响;在光照以及添加VC、低浓度Mg2+(0.01~0.05mol/L)等条件下对花色苷的稳定性有增强作用;在p H≤2以及添加高浓度Mg2+(0.1mol/L)等条件下对花色苷的稳定性有破坏作用。     

浸泡型杨梅酒花色苷稳定性的研究

通过对影响浸泡杨梅酒花色苷稳定性的因素pH值、光照和温度进行研究,结果表明,浸泡杨梅酒在pH3.0时,花色苷较稳定;在避光环境下,花色苷降解速率较慢,在光照下容易分解。花色苷在浸泡型杨梅酒中高温60℃时降解速率快,在低温4℃时稳定。柠檬酸能降低杨梅酒pH值,使花色苷在浸泡型杨梅酒中稳定。     

非热加工技术对果汁中花色苷影响的研究进展

花色苷是存在于新鲜果汁中的一种重要营养素,对果汁的品质与人体的健康都有着重要作用。非热加工技术因其可大量保留果汁中营养物质的独特性,而受到广泛关注。本文综述高静水压、高压脉冲电场、超声波和辐照4种非热加工技术对果汁中花色苷稳定性的影响;并探讨非热加工处理时花色苷的降解机制及其影响因素,以期为果汁中花色苷稳定性的控制提供有利的支持。     

血橙果汁色度——花色苷的稳定性

<正>果蔬汁中能够显色的花色苷因其花色(钅羊)(flavylium)缺电子易受各种因素影响使之褪色,为此,如何保持原花色苷类的色度稳定性,乃是当前引人注视的课题。     

不同石榴品种果汁花色苷稳定性的比较分析

花色苷是石榴果汁中的酚类物质之一,对果汁的感官和品质有重要的影响.但目前关于不同品种石榴汁花色苷稳定性的差异研究未见报道.文章以18个石榴品种果汁为材料,研究了不同温度处理、不同储存时间对石榴汁花色苷稳定性的影响.结果表明,18个石榴品种果汁总花色苷含量在3.642～51.547 mg/gFW,不同品种之间有差异,其中...     

多酚对杨梅花色苷的辅色作用及稳定性的影响

以浸泡型杨梅酒为材料,通过测定不同储藏时期酒中多酚含量、花色苷含量、最大吸收波长及色度的变化,并进行相关性分析,研究了多酚对杨梅花色苷的辅色作用及稳定性的影响。结果表明,浸泡型杨梅酒在不同储藏时期,花色苷含量和多酚含量都呈先上升后下降的趋势;酒中杨梅花色苷最大吸收波长发生蓝移,呈逐渐降低的趋势;花色苷含量和多酚含量与最大吸收波长成极显著正相关。     

天然杨梅混合果汁饮料的研制

本试验应用正交试验设计,以浙江主栽孛荠种杨梅(Myrica rubra)果汁为主,分别与一定比例的富含独特果香的宝交早生草莓、红香焦葡萄及红心李汁进行调配.通过感官评定,并结合理化分析及微生物检验,从中筛选出若干个色香珠佳的天然(不添加任何合成色素和香精)杨梅混合果汁饮料是优配方.     

热协同超高压加工鲜榨苹果汁贮藏过程中色泽稳定性研究

通过HPLC等方法,分析用热协同超高压加工的鲜榨苹果汁中酚类和V_C等物质在贮藏中的变化,发现果汁在贮藏中发生的非酶褐变主要是由酚类的氧化聚合引起的,可通过低温贮藏加以控制。聚原花色素、表儿茶素、绿原酸和V_C的损失以及果汁的褐变随贮藏时间的延长和温度的升高而加剧。果汁颜色变化先快后慢,L~*值降低,a~*值升高,b~*值变化较小。氨基酸也参与了褐变反应,但Maillard反应不显著。缩合单宁的平均聚合度随贮藏时间的延长和温度的升高而变大。粒径分析表明贮藏过程中有新的颗粒产生。     

蓝莓加工过程中出汁率及花青素的稳定性研究

研究果胶酶对蓝莓出汁率的影响,对果胶酶提高蓝莓出汁率的工艺条件进行优化,并研究了pH值、温度、光 照、金属离子以及部分添加剂对蓝莓果汁中花青素稳定性的影响。结果表明：果胶酶的最佳酶解条件为果胶酶添加量（质 量分数）0.06%、酶解温度35 ℃、酶解时间2 h。在此条件下蓝莓的出汁率可达到82.1%,与对照组相比,出汁率提高了 24.6%。蓝莓果汁中的花青素在pH≤3时比较稳定;对光和高温比较敏感。VC可以增加花青素的稳定性,而苯甲酸钠以及 蔗糖对花青素的稳定性无显著影响。K+、Na+、Ca2+、Cu2+、Fe2+对果汁中花青素的稳定性无显著影响;Fe3+以及浓度达到 0.1 mol/L的Mg2+对果汁中花青素的稳定性具有破坏作用;浓度低于0.05 mol/L的Mg2+能增加果汁中花青素的稳定性。     

苹果酸对黑加仑果汁中花色苷稳定性的影响

花色苷是黑加仑果汁的主要色素物质,也是黑加仑果汁中主要生物活性成分,其稳定性受果汁可溶性固形物浓度、贮藏温度、p H以及辅色剂的影响。本文以黑加仑果汁为原料,研究苹果酸对不同可溶性固形物浓度黑加仑果汁中花色苷在不同p H、不同贮藏温度条件下的化学稳定性和降解的影响。花色苷含量测定采用p H示差法,降解变化规律研究采用Arrhenius方程进行拟合。实验结果表明:0.08%苹果酸在可溶性固形物浓度为10°Brix,p H 3.0、4℃条件下,延缓降解反应速率;提高了果汁中花色苷的残留率,此条件下加入苹果酸使半衰期t1/2由51 d提高到141 d,活化能由51 k J/mol提高到61 k J/mol。添加苹果酸的黑加仑果汁花色苷在贮藏中的降解变化符合一级反应动力学。将苹果酸应用于低可溶性固形物浓度、低p H和低温条件下的黑加仑果汁可起到一定辅色作用,提高花色苷的稳定性。     

Optimization of Carrot Juice Color and Cloud Stability

Investigations were conducted on the effects of heating, acidification, and enzyme treatment on carrot juice color and cloud stability. Heating whole carrots to 93°C prior to milling and pressing improved juice color, but reduced juice yield compared to heating milled carrots to 93°C. Juice color was improved by acidification of milled carrots to pH 5 or 4 with citric acid prior to pressing. Juice from carrots heated before milling clarified quickly if not acidified before pressing. Acidification after juice extraction did not stabilize cloud. A commercial pectinase/hemicellulase preparation improved juice color, but not juice yield. Only 20% of potential β-carotene was extracted from carrots during pressing, and β-carotene was extracted to a greater extent than α-carotene.     

石榴汁中花色素苷稳定性研究

天然石榴汁中花色素苷在ｐＨ＝３．５时始呈现玫瑰红色，且随ｐＨ的呈色行为符合Ｙ＝０．２１５５Ｘ０．５３５５的规律，最大吸收峰波长为５１５ｎｍ，其稳定性受氧化剂的作用而呈曲线下降趋势，与Ｙ＝０．２８０４ｅ０．５０３４ｘ拟合，受温度的作用而呈直线下降趋势，与表达式Ｙ＝０．２０５１－８．５６×１０－４Ｘ拟合，其中低温（６℃）下的分解速率常数为１．９×１０－３，高温（６３℃）下的分解速率常数为８．０×１０－３，金属离子Ｆｅ３＋、Ｃｕ２＋对石榴汁花色苷有破坏作用，而Ｃａ２＋、Ｍｇ２＋、Ｋ＋以及甜味剂对其无影响。     

Comparison of the Stability of Pelargonidin-based Anthocyanins in Strawberry Juice and Concentrate

Strawberries were processed into juice (8° Brix) and concentrate (65° Brix) and different lots were fortified with pelargonidin 3‐glucoside, pelargonidin 3‐sophoroside, and acylated pelargonidin 3‐sophoroside 5‐glucoside. Changes in pigment concentration, color (CIE L*a*b*) and ascorbic acid content were monitored during storage at 25 °C. Anthocyanin and ascorbic acid degradations followed 1^st order reaction kinetics. Fortification increased the half‐life of the pigments from 3.5 to 5 d in concentrate and from 5 to 12 d in juice. The half‐life of ascorbic acid was 2 d in juice samples and ranged from 3 to 10 d in concentrate samples. Both systems showed changes in chroma and hue angle, but maintained L* values.     

Effects of Juice Matrix and Pasteurization on Stability of Black Currant Anthocyanins during Storage

The effects of juice matrix and pasteurization on the stability of total phenols and especially total and individual anthocyanins were examined in black currant (BC) juice and mixtures with apple, persimmon, and peach juices at 4 °C and 20 °C. Total phenol content decreased in all juices at both temperatures but there was a trend to lower levels in unpasteurized over pasteurized juices. Differences in the decline of total anthocyanins between pasteurized and unpasteurized juices varied according to the juice type and the storage temperature. At 4 °C storage, anthocyanins declined in all juices according to pseudo 1st‐order kinetics and there were only small differences in the rates between pasteurized and unpasteurized juices. However, at 20 °C, although pasteurized and unpasteurized BC juices and pasteurized mixed juices followed pseudo 1st‐order kinetics, there was a different pattern in unpasteurized mixed juices; a rapid initial decline was followed by a slowing down. The effect of the added juice on anthocyanin decline was also different at either temperature. At 4 °C, the anthocyanins decreased faster in mixed juices than BC juice alone, but at 20 °C, at least in pasteurized mixed juices, the decline was similar or even slower than in BC juice; there were only small differences among the 3 mixed juices. At 20 °C, in pasteurized and unpasteurized BC juices, the rate of decrease was essentially the same for all 4 individual anthocyanins but in the mixed juices the 2 glucosides decreased significantly faster than the 2 rutinosides.     

Anthocyanins and chlorogenic acid copigmentation - influence on the colour of strawberry and chokeberry juices

The effect of copigmentation of chlorogenic acid with anthocyanins in strawberry and chokeberry juices was investigated. It was found that chlorogenic acid, at concentrations greater than that of anthocyanins, enhanced the colour intensity of these juices. The maximum copigmentation effect in both juices was observed at pH 3.4. In the investigated range of the copigment/pigment ratio, i.e. 11 to 501, absorbance increased (A) linearly with copigment content, A/g chlorogenic acid was greater in chokeberry than in strawberry juices. In solutions of purified pigments of these fruits, smaller copigmentation effects were observed than in juices under the same conditions, which indicates the participation of natural copigments present in fruits in the copigmentation process.