中国农村能源行业协会沼气专业委员会筹建“北京沼气产业化展示厅”

为促进沼气事业健康发展,适应沼气快速推广应用的市场需求,进一步加快沼气产业化进程,由中国农村能源行业协会沼气专业委员会主办,绿能新能源科技有限公司、北京菲涅尔科技有限公司等6家企业联合承办,在北京创建北京沼气展示厅,长期为沼气行业提供相关服务。展示厅位于北京市中关村科技园区,与北京沼气产业化研发实验基地、北京国际沼气俱乐部、国际沼气网、北京沼气产业化技术服务中心、     

污泥消化沼气的净化利用系统设计

为了利用污泥消化产生的沼气 ,发挥其高效热能 ,减小环境污染 ,结合工程实例 ,通过对沼气采取过滤、脱硫等净化措施 ,保护沼气锅炉及沼气发动机的正常运行 ,延长设备的使用期 ,降低沼气燃烧时二氧化硫的排放量 ,并利用沼气燃烧时产生的热量加热污泥 ,产生良好的经济效益和环境效益     

生物燃气生产技术的研究与应用

介绍生物燃气产业链各环节;以沼气为例,分析产业链的上游——生物燃气生产环节的技术现状与发展,包括秸秆发酵制沼气技术、填埋垃圾制沼气技术、动物养殖场畜禽粪便制沼气技术、工业有机废水制沼气技术等,比较各类制沼气工艺的技术经济特点,提出了相关建议。     

沼气工程电气设计探讨

沼气是清洁的可再生能源之一,随着人类对沼气认识的不断深入,沼气的利用越来越广泛,论文介绍了沼气工程电气设计的主要方法,供相关设计人员参考。     

净化沼气进入城镇天然气管网的技术措施

沼气利用方式采用净化沼气输入城镇天然气管网。针对净化沼气进入城镇天然气管网可能出现的供气不稳定、燃气设施冰堵、燃气互换性差等问题,分析6项技术措施:优化工艺流程、选择稳定的沼气生产工艺技术、选择可靠高效的沼气净化技术、净化沼气组成检测、水露点检测、不合格沼气回流。     

农村能源沼气后续服务体系典型模式研究与分析

这些年来,我国的农村能源沼气建设有了很大的发展,但是其后续管理服务问题也日渐显现出来,沼气后续服务体系的不完善严重影响的农村沼气能源事业的长远发展。本文对农村能源沼气后续服务体系存在的问题以及怎样建立农村能源沼气后续服务体系的典型模式进行了分析,提出构建农村能源沼气后续服务体系的一些建议和思路。     

隧道施工中浅层沼气的危害与防治

在地下空间开发过程中,浅层沼气作为一种工程地质灾害,影响着隧道施工安全和质量。首先介绍了沼气的成因、赋存特点。然后阐述了隧道施工中浅层沼气的危害形式及其内在机理。最后结合浅层沼气地层自身工程特点,引入煤矿瓦斯防治相关技术,提出了工程勘探和超前探排气,沉降监控及注浆,隧道通风,喷出沼气引排等4种沼气危害的防治办法。     

厌氧反应器中沼气泄漏扩散模拟研究

基于FDS建立沼气泄漏扩散模型,分别模拟管道接头破损、导凝管阀门破损和沼气突破水封,探究厌氧反应器中沼气泄漏扩散的基本规律。结果表明：当管道接头破损、导凝管阀门破损时,沼气泄漏后的危险范围为下风向处距离泄漏口约5 m;当沼气突破水封时,沼气泄漏后的危险范围为下风向处距离泄漏口约60 m;沼气突破水封的危险性最大;泄漏后的甲烷会向下风向膨胀扩散,但遇到障碍物时,窝风位置会出现甲烷积聚;当沼气发生类似突破水封的大面积泄漏时,固定桩式可燃气报警仪的预警作用非常重要。     

浅谈关于农村沼气利用的生态工程建设

农作物秸秆和畜禽粪便生产的沼气是一种清洁环保的资源,利用沼气可以照明、取暖、做饭、发电等,沼渣可以用作有机肥。沼气的利用给社会发展带来切实的利益,充分体现了资源的有效利用。本文研究分析了农村沼气利用的现状,探讨推进过程中产生的问题,以及今后沼气建设的展望,旨在为农村沼气生产利用和农业生态工程建设建言献策。     

利用太阳能的沼气发酵装置增温系统方案比选

针对某奶牛场污水粪便处理沼气发酵系统,提出3种沼气发酵装置增温系统——太阳能集热器联合沼气发电机组烟气余热利用、太阳能集热器联合沼气锅炉、太阳能集热器联合地埋管地源热泵.采用层次分析法,对3种增温系统进行了综合评价,太阳能集热器联合沼气发电机组烟气余热利用方式的综合性能最优.     

户用沼气池的建造技术

介绍了家用沼气池的类型,提出了家用沼气池的设计依据,从备料、放线、池坑开挖和浇筑等方面阐述了户用沼气池施工技术,以积累沼气池建造经验,促进沼气科学技术的发展和应用。     

沼气池在农村污水处理中的应用

简述了农村排水的现状,介绍了污水处理的方法,探讨了沼气在农村污水处理中的应用,指出厌氧净化污水池迎合了我国小城镇建设和发展的需要,在不断对其研究和改进的同时应大力推广应用。     

低碳经济背景下我国城市沼气产业化发展前景探析

随着我国城市快速扩张,能源和环境的双重威胁迫使低碳经济成为我国城市未来发展的大趋势,在城市中发展沼气产业对低碳经济的发展具有现实意义。本文针对当前我国沼气发展现状,从社会、经济和环境等角度分析了城市沼气发展的必要性和急迫性。其次,借鉴国外城市沼气的先进技术和实践经验,从技术、原料、产业化三个方面论证城市推广沼气的可行性。最后,探讨了城市沼气应用的多样化发展,为我国低碳经济和低碳城市建设提供了一条新的思路。     

城市污水处理厂剩余污泥厌氧消化试验研究

以北京市某污水处理厂的剩余污泥为研究对象，对该污泥的理论产气量进行了估算，考察了投加接种污泥和未投加接种污泥条件下污泥厌氧消化的产气情况，并分析了污泥消化前、后的泥质特点。结果表明：与未接种条件相比，污泥厌氧消化前采用投加接种污泥的方式可大大促进消化反应的进行，加快污泥的产气速率，使厌氧消化周期缩短近1／4，但对污泥的总产气量影响较小；在厌氧消化正常运行条件下，污泥产气量达到总产气量的90％时所需反应时间约为16d，可将其作为污泥厌氧消化工艺较为理想的消化周期；剩余污泥的消化性能差、产气率低、试验产气量占理论产气量的比例〈50％，在工程上单独的剩余污泥不宜采用厌氧消化工艺处理。     

湖南某地区农村户用沼气使用状况调查分析

实地调查了湖南某地区农村147户沼气的使用情况,分析了农村沼气运行维护、原料供应、废液(渣)处理等方面存在的问题,分析了农村城镇化建设、能源消费结构变化等因素对农村沼气发展的影响,对因地制宜发展农村沼气提出了建议。     

Comparative analysis and performance of load bearing characteristics of biogas and gasoline-fuelled electric generator

ABSTRACT

This research demonstrates a simplified purification of biogas from hybrid waste and conversion of a single cylinder spark ignition engine to use biogas. The scrubbed gas obtained showed 95% methane enriched biogas. The carburettor of the gasoline engine was modified with a tri-fuel carburettor to suit the input specimen fuel fed to the modified 2.5 kVA, 230 V, and 50 Hz reciprocating engine to generate power. Results showed that 1 kg of compressed biogas ran for 46 min with a load capacity of 1800 W on the 2.5 kVA modified generator, while a litre of gasoline ran for 72 min under the same loading capacity. A comparative assessment of the load bearing characteristics was conducted. Load condition exceeding 1000 W resulted in a voltage output drop of 14.25% on biogas while a small change in voltage of 0.06% occurred for loading conditions between 100 and 1000 W. There was 8.5% decrease in engine speed while operating on biogas with little or no change on gasoline. Maximum torque of 5 and 3.5 Nm at 1800 W electric loading was experienced for gasoline and biogas. Finally, the BSFC for gasoline and biogas at 15% loading condition was maximum at 2000 and 2400 kg/kWh, respectively.     

Effects of the German Renewable Energy Act on structural change in agriculture – The case of biogas

The strong political support for biogas production in Germany over the past decade has greatly affected agricultural production, farms and land markets. This paper analyzes the effects of Germany's biogas policies on agricultural development by using the agent-based simulation model AgriPoliS. Particular focus is placed on the effects of the previous German Renewable Energy Act (REA, German “EEG”) of 2012, as well as the latest amendments, which were added in 2014. Our results show that under the previous REA and its predecessors, biogas production provided an attractive investment opportunity, especially for large farms, which led to a boost in biogas production. However, this policy also caused distortions within the agricultural sector, including increasing land rental prices. These effects particularly threatened farms that were not able to invest in biogas, as well as smaller biogas farms. On average, biogas farms could not increase their profitability. The main reason for this effect can be seen in the fact that a significant share of the value added is transferred via increased rental prices to land owners. The amendment of the REA in 2014, which reduced support levels substantially, partly attenuates some of these effects, though the previous policy will cast a long shadow.     

Experimental investigation on a CI engine fuelled with bio gas and rice straw additives

Biogas is a new source of fuel for mechanisation of agriculture and village industries. It can be used for running diesel and petrol engines. The objective of the present work is to run a CI engine through biogas and biogas with rice straw as an additive and to analyse its performance through a load test. The experiments in the study consist of three phases. Diesel, diesel and biogas (DF) and with adding an additive (rice straw) to the biogas. The rice straw was dried and pulverised into fine pieces of maximum 1 inch in size and mixed with diesel and biogas with a weight ratio of 20–40% for the experimental purpose. The results show good performance characteristics of biogas in the tested CI engine.     

造纸企业污水处理沼气脱硫

以上海某造纸企业沼气的回收利用工程为例,提出改造后沼气利用工艺流程,比较干法脱硫、湿法脱硫、生物脱硫工艺的特点和经济性,比较一体式生物脱硫和分离式生物脱硫工艺,改造工程采用分离式生物脱硫工艺进行沼气脱硫。沼气用于沼气锅炉后,该造纸企业天然气总用量下降12%,取得了良好的节能效果和经济效益。