大电流MAG焊接接头弯曲性能研究

采用无氦多元气体保护大电流MAG焊接技术焊接了A5 72接头 ,对接头进行了弯曲性能试验 ,用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和EDAX分析了接头侧弯脆性断口。结果表明 ,弯曲试验时产生的脆断与焊缝金属中有非金属夹杂物、焊缝金属中C、Ti含量较高以及焊缝金属中有马氏体组织等因素密切相关。在弯曲时 ,焊缝金属中存在的非金属夹杂物形成裂源 ,在小线能量焊接时焊道间热影响区组织中存在的大量粗大马氏体组织 ,使焊缝金属在裂纹萌生区和开始扩展阶段为解理断裂。在大电流MAG焊时 ,适当增大线能量以利于非金属夹杂物的逸出并避免马氏体的形成 ,降低焊缝金属中的C、Ti含量 ,从而改善接头韧性。     

8 mm厚T2紫铜功率调制激光-MIG复合焊

目的研究工艺参数与调制参数之间的相互作用对T2紫铜功率调制光纤激光-MIG复合焊过程热效率和稳定性的影响。方法分别设计并进行了平均功率、送丝速度与调制振幅和调制频率的三元二次回归正交试验。其中采用母材熔化区面积表征焊接过程的热效率,采用焊缝中的气孔数量表征焊接过程的稳定性。结果调制振幅约为平均功率的1/3时,母材熔化区面积最大,焊接过程热效率最高,振幅增大或减小都会使熔化区面积减小。平均功率主要决定了焊接过程的线能量,平均功率增大有助于增大母材熔化区面积。送丝速度的大小不仅影响焊接过程的能量输入,而且对熔池的流动行为影响较大。送丝速度过大易使熔池以及小孔失稳,降低焊接过程稳定性,因此送丝速度不宜过大。本研究条件下,10 m/min的送丝速度较为适宜。结论在优化的工艺参数和调制参数下进行功率调制激光-电弧复合焊,可以使8 mm厚紫铜焊接过程的热效率和稳定性同步提升。     

TA2钛板PMC气保焊焊接工艺研究

对TA2焊接技术的不断改进一直是先进制造和材料科学领域的研究热点。该文通过对TA2钛板气保焊焊接工艺进行反复实践,不断改变电流、电压,改变送丝速度和焊接速度,总结出一套TA2钛板PMC气保焊的焊接工艺方法,其焊接飞溅较少,焊缝成形和机械性能均达到质量要求。该文首次提出TA2钛板的PMC气保焊焊接工艺,成功地解决了TA2钛板气保焊的技术难题。以气保焊代替氩弧焊,对钛及钛合金的高效焊接方式具有颠覆性的工艺提升。     

船用高强钢厚板窄间隙热丝TIG焊接工艺研究

采用12CrNi5MoV钢厚板在立焊位置进行窄间隙热丝TIG焊接工艺试验,研究了窄间隙坡口设计、坡口间隙、焊接电流、送丝速度、脉冲参数、钨极摆动等对焊道成形的影响。结果表明,窄间隙U形对称坡口使焊接填充量较传统X形坡口可减少76%;确定了厚板窄间隙热丝TIG焊接主要工艺参数,实现了150 mm厚12CrNi5MoV钢的高质量、高效焊接。     

双丝单弧气保焊熔滴过渡及焊缝成形

双丝单弧气保焊是一种新型熔化极焊接方法,系统由单电源、单送丝机构和单焊枪组成,双丝共用一个具有两孔的导电嘴,单电源通过导电嘴同时向双丝输出电流形成单个电弧,双丝末端熔滴相互吸引形成共熔滴并稳定过渡到熔池。采用高速摄像、信息同步采集及焊接电源等装备,开发双丝单弧气保焊熔滴过渡试验系统,研究了不同焊接电流参数对熔滴大小、过渡行为及焊缝形貌的影响,并阐明了双丝单弧气保焊熔滴过渡机理。结果表明：随着焊接电流的增大,熔滴过渡形式依次为多脉一滴、一脉一滴、射流过渡和潜弧射流过渡四种模式,过渡频率逐渐增大,熔滴体积逐渐减小。焊缝形貌研究表明,随着焊接电流增大,焊缝熔深逐渐增大,熔宽先增大后减小,当焊接电流为570 A时,焊缝截面成形质量最佳,此时熔敷速度为15.8 kg/h。     

工艺参数对5052铝镁合金焊缝凝固裂纹敏感性的影响

采用鱼骨状裂纹试验对比研究了熔化极惰性气体保护焊(MIG)焊接时保护气体、焊接电流和脉冲模式等焊接工艺参数对5052铝镁合金焊缝凝固裂纹敏感性的影响.结果表明:随焊接电流增大和保护气体中氦气比例的增加,焊缝凝固裂纹敏感性变大;方形电流波形的双脉冲MIG的焊缝凝固裂纹敏感性大于单脉冲MIG的;晶界镁含量增加,焊缝会形成连...     

双面双弧焊对高强钢焊接效率和质量影响分析

对高强钢10CrNi3MoV钢厚板进行了双面双弧焊接试验研究。结果表明,焊接长2 m、厚50 mm的钢板,双面双弧焊与传统单弧MAG焊相比,生产效率提高1.4倍,焊接接头力学性能满足指标要求;双面双TIG打底的热影响区金相组织为板条状马氏体,焊缝区为板条马氏体+针状铁素体。     

TiNiNb形状记忆合金丝精密脉冲电阻对焊工艺分析

使用自行研制的UMN -3型精密脉冲电阻对焊机对TiNiNb形状记忆合金丝的焊接性进行了研究 ,分析了焊接电流、焊接压力、顶锻压力和保护气体等焊接参数对焊接接头微观组织和力学性能的影响规律 ,并给出某些TiNiNb形状记忆合金丝获得优质接头的工艺条件 .研究结果表明 ,所研制的精密脉冲电阻对焊机可实现TiNiNb形状记忆合金丝的优质连接 ,这对于进一步研究、开发TiNi基形状记忆合金丝的潜能 ,具有重要的理论和实际应用价值 .     

S355J2W+N钢激光-MAG复合焊与MAG焊对比

利用激光-MAG复合焊和MAG焊进行了厚板S355J2W+N低碳钢的焊接实验,分析了两种焊接方法接头的微观组织和力学性能.结果表明:复合焊和MAG焊焊缝接头均由焊缝区、过热区、重结晶区和不完全重结晶区构成,复合焊接头截面呈“高脚杯”状特点,焊缝填充量和热影响区宽度较MAG焊明显减小.复合焊由于冷却速率快,过热区魏氏组织略有增多,硬度高于MAG焊,抗拉强度和弯曲性能与MAG焊相比,无显著差异,均能够满足生产标准的要求.     

V型曲面坡口打底焊成形控制与工艺参数优化

目的 研究熔化极气体保护焊工艺参数对V型曲面坡口打底焊焊接接头形貌及硬度的影响规律,实现焊接接头工艺参数的预测与优化,提高焊接质量。方法 基于响应面Box-Benhnken方法,分析焊接电压、焊接电流、焊接速度、曲面弧度对焊接接头成形与性能的影响规律,构建工艺参数与焊接接头响应指标的数学模型。结果 试验结果表明,熔宽随焊接电压、焊接电流的增大而增大,随焊接速度、曲面弧度的增大而减小。面积随焊接电压、焊接电流、曲面弧度的增大而增大,随焊接速度的增大而减小。硬度随焊接电压的增大而减小,随焊接速度、曲面弧度的增大而增大。以熔宽、面积及硬度最大为优化目标,最优工艺参数为电压26 V,电流260 A,焊接速度26 cm/min,曲面弧度(13/36π) rad。对比预测值与实际值,熔宽、面积、硬度的误差率分别为4.2%、3.8%、2.3%。结论 研究结果表明了所构建数学模型的可靠性,为非对称曲面坡口及其他特殊结构焊缝的成形控制与参数优化提供了理论依据。     

Tri-Arc与Tandem双丝电弧焊的工作原理对比分析

目的 介绍一种称为Tri-Arc的新型双丝电弧焊接方法。方法 将Tri-Arc双丝电弧焊与应用较广的Tandem双丝电弧焊的系统构成和焊接电流波形进行对比分析。结果 Tri-Arc和Tandem两种双丝电弧焊接方法所使用的双丝焊枪相近,双电源相位同步控制和U/I脉冲控制方式类似。Tri-Arc和Tandem两种双丝电弧焊接方法的差异在于:Tandem双丝电弧焊的2个电弧是相对独立的,而Tri-Arc双丝电弧焊的2个电弧是相互耦合的,因此Tri-Arc双丝电弧焊又具有旁路耦合电弧的某些特点。结论 这种新型的Tri-Arc双丝电弧焊不仅具有与Tandem双丝电弧焊一样的高焊丝熔敷率,而且具有比Tandem双丝电弧焊更低的焊接热输入。     

TIG电弧热丝对铜、钢堆焊的工艺研究

针对某产品铜带焊接工艺,提出了一种电弧热丝方式应用于TIG堆焊铜、钢工艺的研究。电弧热丝可有效预热低电阻率的焊接材料,如铜;传统的电阻热丝只能加热具有高电阻率的焊接材料,如钢。采用电弧热丝系统,热丝电流小于50A时即可有效预热焊丝,与电阻热丝电流400A相当。在相同焊接电流下,能够大大提高焊接熔敷速度;在相同送丝速度下,降低焊接电流,大大降低焊接设备功率。同时证明2种热丝加热方式对钢基体、铜合金的影响相同,特别是对堆焊层铜合金中泛铁量的影响相当。     

A Novel Method of Triple-Wire Gas Indirect Arc Welding

This paper proposes a novel triple-wire gas indirect arc welding process. The welding system consists of two power sources and three wires. The effects of the power source mode and the wire configuration on arc stability and behavior are studied. The metal transfer is analyzed and bead-on-plate welding is employed. Results show that two direct current power sources cannot produce a stable process, but the combination of a direct current with a pulsed direct current can produce a stable process. The reason is that the pulsed direct current can boost and stabilize the metal transfer. For the wire configuration, a smaller contact angle between the main wire and the side wire is more desirable. Compared with the traditional gas metal arc welding, this novel process has the advantages of high wire melting rate, low penetration depth, and low dilution rate. Compared with twin-wire gas indirect arc welding, it provides a broader range of applicable currents with sufficient heat input.     

Hardfacing of Wear-Resistant Deposits by MAG Welding with a Flux-Cored Wire Having Graphite in Its Filling

A high carbon content in a ledeburite-martensite deposit provides high wear resistance. This can be accomplished in hardfacing by MAG welding with covered electrodes, alloying fluxes, and flux-cored wires. Hardfacing with covered electrodes is not efficient, whereas application of alloying fluxes is suitable only for the flat welding position. Hardfacing by flux-cored MAG welding, however, is efficient and suitable also for out-of-position welding, i.e., in the horizontal-vertical and overhead positions, which is particularly important in maintenance. The paper deals with the investigations of the influence of hardfacing-weld alloying by means of the cored-wire filling in hardfacing both by CO₂ welding and welding with no externally supplied shielding medium. The efficiency of alloying the hardfacing weld depended on the composition and the filling ratio of the wire. In hardfacing of martensite-ledeburite deposits, the high carbon content in the deposit was provided by the addition of graphite to the cored-wire filling. A result of the high graphite content in the filling was a reduction of the filling ratio of the wire, and, consequently, weaker alloying of the hardfacing weld. As little as 10 wt.% graphite in the wire filling substantially affects alloying of the hardfacing weld. In this case, the amount of carbide-forming elements in the hardfacing weld will be reduced by around 4 wt.% whereas the carbon content will increase by as little as 1%, which, however, is enough to obtain high-quality martensite-ledeburite wear-resistant deposits with S-BC3 cored wires and with no externally supplied shielding medium of which the chemical composition, structure, and wear resistance were quite comparable to those obtained with a CrWC 600 covered wire (produced by SZ-Elektrode, Jesenice). Advantages of the cored wire over the covered electrode are substantially higher performance and lower consumption of the electric current.     

国外焊接材料的发展动态及加快国产药芯焊丝发展的建议

概要地介绍了国外焊接材料（ 主要是药芯焊丝） 的发展动态,对大力发展高效焊材、改进ＭＡＧ 焊材的工艺性能及力学性能方面的工作也作了介绍,并就如何加快国产药芯焊丝产业的发展提出了建议。     

Hybrid fiber laser – Arc welding of thick section high strength low alloy steel

Hybrid laser – metal active gas (MAG) arc welding is an emerging joining technology that is very promising for shipbuilding applications. This technique combines the synergistic qualities of the laser and MAG arc welding techniques, which permits a high energy density process with fit-up gap tolerance. As the heat input of hybrid laser – arc welding (HLAW) is greater than in laser welding, but much smaller than in MAG arc welding, a relatively narrow weld and restricted heat affected zone (HAZ) is obtained, which can minimize the residual stress and distortion. Furthermore, adding MAG arc can increase the penetration depth for a given laser power, which can translate to faster welding speeds or fewer number of passes necessary for one-sided welding of thick plates. In this work, a new hybrid fiber laser – arc welding system was successfully applied to fully penetrate 9.3 mm thick butt joints using a single-pass process through optimization of the groove shape, size and processing parameters.     

Mathematical Modeling of Metal Active Gas (MAG) Arc Welding

In the present paper. a numerical model for MAG (metal active gas) arc welding of thin plate has been developed. In MAG arc welding, the electrode wire is melted and supplied into the molten pool intermittently. Accordingly, it is assumed on the modeling that the thermal energy enters the base-plates through two following mechanisms, i.e., direct heating from arc plasma and "indirect" heating from the deposited metal. In the second part of the paper, MAG arc welding process is numerically-analyzed by using the model. and the calculated weld bead dimension and surface profile have been compared with the experimental MAG welds on steel plate. As the result. it is made clear that the model is capable of predicting the bead profile of thin-plate MAG arc welding, including weld bead with undercutting.     

Spatter and blowhole formation phenomena in pulsed gas shielded metal arc welding

Abstract

This paper investigates systematically the effect of pulse conditions, type of shielding gas, and wire composition on blowhole and spatter formation and on wire melting rate to obtain guidelines for selection of welding conditions. It was found that spatter formation can be reduced significantly by using a shielding gas of composition Ar + 2·4%O₂ +20% CO₂ for pulsed gas shielded metal arc (MAG) welding. It was also found that it is possible to reduce blowhole formation using pulsed MAG welding. However, blowhole formation is affected greatly by variations of pulse condition and by shielding gas composition.

MST/1423     

扫描激光-热丝焊接过程焊丝熔入行为分析

采用Red lake高速摄影系统观察了扫描激光-热丝焊接过程中焊丝熔入行为,分析了光丝间距、扫描激光及焊丝加热等工艺因素对焊丝熔入行为的影响。研究结果表明,当光丝间距处于-1 mm~1 mm范围内时,填充焊丝可实现连续稳定的液桥过渡;加入扫描激光后,焊丝在熔入过程中会出现一定程度的摆动,且随着激光扫描幅度增加,焊丝摆动幅度先增后减;对焊丝进行加热后,焊丝熔入方式包括连续液桥过渡、熔滴过渡和电弧过渡3种,且焊丝摆动幅度较焊丝不预热时明显减小。     

Investigation on various welding consumables on properties of carbon steel material in gas metal arc welding under constant voltage mode

In this present work, the influence of different consumables on weld properties of carbon steel plate was studied by automatic gas metal arc welding under constant voltage mode. For all experiments, the process parameters such as welding current of 200 A, voltage of 28 V and welding speed of 200 mm/min were kept constant. The results indicate that the angular distortion remained higher for solid wire, whereas it was minimum for flux-cored wire and the lowest in metal-cored wire. Mechanical properties such as yield strength, tensile strength, elongation and joint efficiency remained high for solid wire relative to cored wire. Excellent impact toughness of the weld metal and heat-affected zone was reported for the flux-cored welds compared with solid wire and metal-cored welds.