冷热电联供系统主要设备变工况研究

采用燃气轮机典型变工况计算方法和余热锅炉考虑换热系数的变工况计算方法分别对燃气轮机和余热锅炉变工况特性进行研究,得到其变工况的典型性能曲线。并根据吸收式制冷机产品选型手册拟合得到其变工况特性显式解析解以及机组变工况相对COP随相对制冷量变化的曲线。本研究对联供系统的设计具有指导意义。     

国内外溴化锂吸收式制冷机的发展概述

一、溴化锂吸收式制冷机的主要特点 众所周知,溴化锂吸收式制冷机是利用热能为动力制取冷量的机器。其主要特点是: 1.利用热能为动力,能源利用的范围广,它具有两个主要特性:(1)低势热能的利用,余热、废热、排热的利用使溴化锂吸收式制冷机具有节能的特性;(2)以热     

塑料管单效溴化锂吸收式制冷机理论与实验研究

溴化锂吸收式制冷机在工业中有着广泛的应用,但传热管腐蚀及其引起的拎量衰减一直以来是人们难以解决的问题。采用塑料传热管代替铜传热管有望解决这个难题。分析了单效溴化锂吸收式制冷机的理论循环,对塑料管单效溴化锂吸收式制冷机进行了热力计算和传热计算,设计了塑料管单效溴化锂吸收式制冷机的结构,为塑料管单效溴化锂吸收式制冷机的实验性能测试提供参考依据。     

余热利用型溴化锂双效吸收式制冷机的研究

本文介绍了由上海交通大学制冷工程研究所与潍坊制冷空调设备厂联合研制开发的余热利用型溴化锂双效吸收式制冷机的流程结构特点，并运用流程模拟的方法进行了变工况特性的计算机模拟分析，还给出了一个应用实例的经济分析。     

单效溴化锂吸收式制冷循环吸收特性与工况关系的研究

以单效溴化锂吸收式制冷机为研究对象,对溴化锂水溶液的热力性质参数进行了计算机模拟。通过模拟计算,得到了求解溴化锂水溶液热力参数的较为精确的计算方法。溴化锂吸收式制冷机是以水为制冷剂,溴化锂为吸收剂,通过消耗热能来实现制冷目的的。通过对单效循环的仿真模拟计算,实现了对机组在不同工作工况下的性能预测。为进一步利用数字和模拟手段深入研究溴化锂吸收式制冷机组奠定了良好的基础。     

太阳能空调系统性能分析

本对太阳能高效平板集热器与热水型一级溴化锂吸收式制冷机及热水型两级溴化锂吸收式制冷机组成的空调系统进行了计算分析。结果表明,在热水温度为８２－９５℃的范围内,太阳能一级溴化锂吸收式制冷系统具有较高的效率,但系统效率随热源温度的下降而急剧降低;在热源温度为６５－８２℃的范围内,太阳能两级溴化锂吸收式制冷系统具有较突出的优越性,系统效率几乎不随热源温的变化而变化。因此,两级溴化锂吸收式制冷机与太阳能平反集热器有比较好的匹配性能。     

溴化锂吸收式制冷机设计应注意的问题探讨

根据目前国内溴化锂吸收式制冷机的实际运转情况，针对制冷机在非标工况下运行时容易出现的问题进行分析，并提出一些设计建议及要求，包括对机组结构设计的变更以及部件的选择等。     

MHW系列电子水处理仪在溴化锂吸收式制冷机上的应用

以水为制冷剂,以溴化锂为吸收剂的吸收式制冷机于1945年在美国的开利亚公司研制成功。溴化锂吸收式制冷机具有节电、安全、无污染、噪音低、可用余热等特点。目前,溴化锂吸收式制冷机已广泛应用于石油、化工、冶金、纺织和制药等工业生产部门的工艺冷却以及宾馆、影剧院和办公大楼等建筑物的中央空调系统。就江苏省来说,因经济的迅速发展和人民生活水平的提高,电力消费的速度远远超过电力本身建设的速度,电力供求矛盾加剧。而溴化锂吸收式制冷机的耗电量比压缩式或离心式制冷机耗电低得多。此外,目前离心式制冷机常用的R11氯氟烃工质将要禁止使用。所以,溴化锂吸收式制冷机具有良好的市场前景。     

略论近期溴化锂吸收式制冷机的发展

全球溴化锂吸收式制冷机的市场主要在远东,潜在市场在中东和西亚,欧美的使用有限.我国近期溴化锂吸收式制冷机的生产有较大幅度的提升,近年来蒸汽型机组与大于200kW的直燃型机组生产台数基本上趋于稳定,小容量直燃型机组增长较快.近期溴化锂吸收式制冷机的发展主要是高效化、推广应用于热电冷联产系统、以及回收余热和利用太阳能.走节能型、环保型溴化锂吸收式制冷机之路是发展的必然趋势.     

双效溴化锂吸收式制冷机热工参数控制的计算机仿真

本文对蒸汽双效溴化锂吸收式制冷机部分热工参数的动态特性进行了试验研究,得出了溴化锂吸收式制冷机冷媒水出口温度的阶跃响应曲线,利用两点法求出了被控对象的传递函数,建立了动态数学模型。控制器选用基于PID控制规律的数字控制器,设计了溴化锂吸收式制冷机热工参数控制的仿真系统。并对控制器的控制参数进行整定,得到了最佳控制结果。     

基于遗传算法和人工神经网络的冷水机组模型参数辨识及误差补偿方法

DOE-2模型被广泛应用于冷水机组仿真建模,如何根据有限传感器实测数据对某特定冷水机组DOE-2模型的参数进行可靠地辨识,并补偿模型误差,对于节能运行等场景具有重要意义.在实践中由于传感器不足且数据质量不高等问题,DOE-2模型参数的可靠辨识较为困难.因此,本文提出一种基于外部知识库的遗传算法和一种基于人工神经网络的方...     

Part-load characteristics of a new ammonia/lithium nitrate absorption chiller

A pre-industrial prototype of a new water-cooled ammonia/lithium nitrate absorption chiller was characterised at part-load operation mode. The chiller was built using brazed plate heat exchangers in all its components, including the absorber and the generator.A test campaign was carried out varying the thermal load in the chilled water circuit and keeping the hot and cooling water temperatures constant.Part-load curves of the thermal and electrical coefficients of performance were obtained, plotted and compared with data from the literature on small capacity absorption chillers with conventional working pairs, namely ammonia/water and water/lithium bromide. The experimental results showed that to achieve a higher electrical coefficient of performance at part-load operation, it was much more convenient to use an ON-OFF control than to modify the hot water temperature. Furthermore, using a simple ON-OFF control strategy, the behaviour of the new absorption chiller was more agile and responded more quickly.The part-load curve of the electrical coefficient of performance was obtained by adjusting the experimental data to the shape of the curve proposed in the standard prEN-14825:2011 for air-to-water chillers. The Cc coefficient was 0.7985 matching the value obtained dividing the remaining electrical consumption measured during the OFF half cycles by the total energy consumption generated.     

离心式冷水机组R12替代物的理论分析

根据离心式冷水机组对替代物筛选的要求和规律,遵循摩尔质量相当这一原则,经过大量的筛选计算,选出了一种不含CFC的三元环保混合物,命名为LXR2a.文中对LXR2a的基本物性,循环性能,变工况模拟计算,泄漏分析等结果进行了计算、分析和模拟,结果表明LXR2a符合离心式压缩机的特殊要求,具有较好的直接充灌性能,是一种R12离心式冷水机组的潜在替代物.     

Feasibility study and performance evaluation of low capacity water–LiBr absorption cooling systems functioning in different Algerian climate zones

A performance analysis was carried out on water–LiBr absorption chillers performing in the five different climate zones in Algeria. A 17.6 kW single-effect and a 16 kW double-effect commercial absorption chillers were simulated. In climate zones E1 and E2, the single-effect and double-effect chillers supplied 37% and 91%, respectively, of their nominal capacity to produce chilled water at 7 °C. In the hot climate zones E3, E4 and E5, it was not feasible for either of the chillers to produce chilled water at 7 °C. By increasing the chilled water temperature to 12 °C both absorption chillers were able to operate in climate zones E3 and E4. The single-effect chiller reached 45% of its nominal capacity in zone E3 and 33% in zone E4. The double-effect chiller delivered 80% of its nominal capacity in both climate zones. Neither of the chillers was able to operate under the thermal conditions of climate zone E5.     

Part-load performance characteristics of residential absorption chillers and heat pump

A series of laboratory performance tests were conducted on an absorption cycle water chiller and heat pump. The part-load performance was compared to the full-load capacity and coefficient of performance. The causes of performance degredation with shorter operating times are speculated upon with partial substantiation resulting from tests on the chiller after it had been modified to prevent off-cycle fluid migration.     

The energy efficiency of chillers in a trigeneration plant

The cooling requirements of buildings can be met using a variety of cooling systems. Electrically driven compressor chillers are the most popular, however, the last decade has seen a rapid increase in the number of absorption chillers, which can use many different energy sources including exergy-poor sources. As an alternative solution for satisfying the cooling demands of buildings and improving the cogeneration efficiency, steam and hot-water driven absorption chillers can be included in trigeneration plant. In this paper we look at the efficiency of a number of different chillers. A method for the exergetic efficiency determination of different kinds of chillers is described and a comparison of the chillers' exergetic efficiency in a trigeneration system including the whole cooling loop is shown.     

离心式冷水机组的制冷剂选择

描述冷水机组特别是大型机组最常用的替代制冷剂。总结了蒙特利尔议定书所制定的制冷剂淘汰时间表。对冷水机组(压缩式与吸收式)目前所使用的制冷剂进行探讨,包括大气寿命、ODP与GWP。概述了离心式冷水机组的最低能效标准。对主要的制冷剂进行科学评估。介绍了除R-123以外的其他替代制冷剂。研究表明,R-123作为目前离心式冷水机组应用最广泛的制冷剂,其ODP与GWP较低,且大气寿命短,放射率低,效率高。对中国而言R-123至少在未来的几十年内仍具有非常显著的环境和经济优势。     

三效溴化锂吸收式制冷机的发展概况

本文综述了三效溴化锂吸收式制冷机的发展概况，介绍了三效式溴冷机新工质对、吸收循环方式、传热与传质和新型缓蚀剂的研究状况。同时，展望了三效溴化锂吸收式制冷机的发展趋势。     

溴化锂制冷机蒸汽凝结水的回收利用

结合生产实际,提出和实施了具体的方案,合理地利用溴冷机的蒸汽凝结水,满足了生产需要,降低了生产成本.