DPC-1型摩托车底盘测功机通过鉴定

天津内燃机研究所、天津大学科达测控技术公司研制的“ＤＰＣ－１型摩托车底盘测功机”于１９９９年９月１６日在天津市科委主持下通过市级鉴定。该测功机是室内进行摩托车整车性能台架试验及按１５工况法测量摩托车排气污染物进行工况循环控制的设备。经鉴定委员会专家认真评审，一致认为：该机在惯量模拟、阻力设定、计算机控制等关键技术上处于国内领先，研制是成功的；主要性能指标优于国标ＧＢ／Ｔ１４６２２９３和行标ＱＣ／Ｔ６０９３的要求；设计水平和测量精度均达到国外同类产品水平；填补了国内空白，属国内首创。建议尽快投…     

"前景/背景"设计方法在摩托车实时控制中的应用

摩托车电控系统是一个实时控制系统,各控制任务的执行对时间的要求很高。本文介绍的“前景／背景”的软件设计方法,将实时性要求高的软件功能作为“前景”,迅速得到主芯片的响应;“背景”则包括实时性要求相对较低的软件功能及“前景”程序执行所需要的各种参数的计算。通过“前景／背景”的设计可以使系统达到很高的性能指标,从而推动电按摩托车技术得到更广泛应用。     

利用比对试验的方法考核"DPC-1型底盘测功机"的精度

本文通过采用同一辆受试摩托车在三种不同摩托车底盘测功机上进行比对试验的方法，考核分析了天津大学科达测控技术公司研发的“DPC-1型底盘测功机”的测试数据的准确性和精度。     

摩托车离合器总成试验台的研制

本文介绍一种摩托车用手操纵摩擦片式湿式离合器试验台。该试验台以离合器总成为试验对象。其试验条件和运行规范符合我国行业标准ＱＣ／Ｔ６６－９３《摩托车离合器技术条件》的要求。采用的试验方法具有独创性，结构紧凑，自动化程度较高。     

摩托车排气烟度及其测试方法的试验研究

通过大量的试验研究，本文对摩托车排烟特性进行了总结、归纳，并提出了一种筒便易行的摩托车排烟测试方法，同时对方法的重复性、区分性进行了试验验证。用此方法部分摩托车的排气烟度进行测试，发现一些摩托车的排烟超过30％。试验说明对摩托车排气烟度进行限制势在必行。     

摩托车车架模态特性分析

本文采用仿真和试验相结合的方法分析研究摩托车车架的模态特性，首先采用UG软件对某低跨式摩托车车架进行CAD建模，然后导入MSC．PATRAN／NASTRAN建立其有限元模型，进行自由模态的计算机仿真分析；采用力锤激励，利用最小二乘复指数法和最小二乘复频域法来识别车架的试验模态。仿真结果可用来指导试验，试验可以验证仿真结果，二者相结合可以更好地分析该车架的振动特性。     

应用ISO 2631和ISO 5349评价摩托车平顺性

摩托车平顺性已经成为摩托车重要的使用性能之一。本文依据国际标准ISO2631、ISO5349相关内容，并对多种具有代表性的摩托车进行了平顺性的道路试验，研究分析了摩托车平顺性的特点，提出了摩托车平顺性评价方法，并依据该评价方法对实车进行了评价对比，试验结果，表明该评价方法与驾驶员主观感觉吻合，能很好地评价摩托车平顺性。     

上海市汽车排气污染防治对策科研项目通过评审

从1986年起,上海市科委组织高校和研究所对“上海市大气污染防治对策科研项目”进行研究,历时3年。其中分支项目“上海市汽车排气污染防治对策”由上海市环境保护研究所、上海内燃机研究所、上海交通大学、上海工程技术大学和上海市公安局交通处联合承担。其中上海内燃机研究所承担了主要任务。该所对东风牌和解放牌载重汽车、铰接式公共汽车,幸福牌摩托车以及面包车等的多种发动机进行了长期的台架试验,提出了上海载重车S—T—6工况排放试验法和摩托车S—M—4工况排放试验法。这是在大量行车试验(包括载重汽车、公共汽车和摩托车)和台架试验的基础上,首次提出了上海自己的发动机台架模     

摩托车分技术委员会召开标准审查工作会议

4月2 0～2 3日,摩托车分技术委员会召开了第三届第四次工作会议暨标准审查会议。会议传达了全标委各分会秘书长会议精神,研究了今年的工作计划,并落实了召开第八届中日交流会和行业标准及“摩蓝”的修订工作。会议审查了以下标准:序号标准名称起草单位1234GB摩托车和轻便摩托车燃油消耗量限值(工况法)摩托车和轻便摩托车燃油消耗量试验方法(工况法)摩托车和轻便摩托车制动试验方法和制动性能要求两轮摩托车乘员扶手天摩中心国检中心(宝鸡)5摩托车和轻便摩托车外部凸出物6GB/T 摩托车和轻便摩托车发动机最大扭矩和最大净功率测量方法天摩中…     

SD182FM摩托车发动机可靠性浅析

通过对ＳＤ１８２ＦＭ摩托车发动机的结构分析，综述了保证了工作可靠性的结构特征，以期以改进摩托车发动机的可靠性作一参考。     

Selective removal of CO from hydrogen-rich stream over CuO/CexSn1−xO2–Al2O3 catalysts

The solid solutions of Ce_xSn_1−xO₂ incorporated with alumina to form Ce_xSn_1−xO₂–Al₂O₃ mixed oxides, by the suspension/co-precipitation method, were used to prepare CuO/Ce_xSn_1−xO₂–Al₂O₃ catalysts for the selective oxidation of CO in excess hydrogen. Incorporating Al₂O₃ increased the dispersion of Ce_xSn_1−xO₂, but did not change their main structures and did not weaken their redox properties. Doping Sn⁴⁺ into CeO₂ increased the mobility of lattice oxygen and enhanced the activity of the 7%CuO/Ce_xSn_1−xO₂–Al₂O₃ catalyst in the selective oxidation of CO. The selective oxidation of CO was weakened as the doped fraction of Sn⁴⁺ exceeded 0.5. Incorporating appropriate amounts of Sn⁴⁺ and Al₂O₃ could obtain good candidates 7%CuO/Ce_xSn_1−xO₂–Al₂O₃(20%), 1–x=0.1–0.5, for a preferential oxidation (PROX) unit in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell system for removing CO. Its activity was comparable with, and its selectivity was much larger than, that of the noble catalyst 5%Pt/Al₂O₃.     

A new method for estimating solar radiation from bright sunshine data

Daily values of H/H₀, the ratio of total horizontal radiation to that outside the atmosphere has been correlated with s/S, bright sunshine as a fraction of daylength for 3 yr measurements in Adana and Ankara, Turkey. Using a maximum-likelihood quadratic fit, we show that monthly averages s/S and its standard deviation σ_s/S can be used to estimate the monthly average H/H₀ as

H/H₀ = 0.204 + 0.758s/S − 0.250[s/S² + σ²_s/S.

Comparison of the estimations of the above equation with measurements from different regions of Turkey indicate that less than 5 per cent relative error is possible. A further correlation σ²_s/S with s/S makes it possible to estimate H/H₀ with just the knowledge of s/S.     

Analytical model of a residential desuperheater

A stand-alone analytical model using the NTU (number of transfer units) effectiveness approach was developed for a residential desuperheater integrated to a thermal-energy storage (TES) system. This paper describes the basic heat-transfer analysis and presents the characteristics of the model. The output prediction of the desuperheater model was the desuperheater rate. Error analyses of the desuperheater rate indicated that the model predictions were within 12% of the experimental values. A factorial-design sensitivity analysis was conducted to show that the variables T_ri and T_wi as well as interactions T_wi^*h_refrig, h_refrig^*F, T_ri^*h_refrig, and h_wtr^*h_refrig^*F had significant effects on the desuperheater rate. Although the model involved various assumptions, the results were considered helpful for the design and understanding of the behaviour of the desuperheater.     

Effect of Co content on performance of LiAl1/3−xCoxNi1/3Mn1/3O2 compounds for lithium-ion batteries

Layered LiAl_1/3−xCo_xNi_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ (0  x  1/3) compounds were studied via the combination of computational and experimental approach. The calculated voltage curve of LiNi_1/3Al_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ compound is presented, indicating it is of great potential for a cathode material of lithium-ion batteries. Unfortunately, it was found that the LiNi_1/3Al_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ compound without impurity phase could not be synthesized via a sol–gel process. To obtain a layered compound without impurity phase, partial of Al is replaced by Co in LiNi_1/3Al_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ compound in this study. Layered LiAl_1/3−xCo_xNi_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ (0  x  1/3) compounds were synthesized via sol–gel reaction at 900 °C under a oxygen stream. Single phase of the LiAl_1/3−xCo_xNi_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ in 1/6  x  1/3 region could be prepared successfully. The discharge capacity and conductivity increased with an increase in the Co-substitution content. The enhancement of the conductivity and phase purity by the introduction of Co content shows profound influence on the performance of the LiAl_1/3−xCo_xNi_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ compounds.     

Correlation of monthly-average daily global, diffuse and beam radiation with bright sunshine hours

Correlations between monthly-average daily radiation and bright sunshine hours for 11 Indian stations have been studied. It is found that the global radiation can be predicted to an accuracy of 0.5% by using the linear relation, G/G_ext = a + b (n/N). For diffuse radiation, three different correlations have been tried. For individual applications, any of the three correlations discussed in this paper can be used, but for collective applications, the correlation D/G_ext = a + b (n/N) gives better results. Beam radiation is found to be highly dependent upon the local conditions. To develop a single formula for 11 stations involves a large percentage of error. The Hay method [9] is comparable to the equation G/G_ext = a + b(n/N) for global radiation, but for diffuse radiation, the equation D/G_ext = a + b (n/N) is superior to the Hay method. The correlations for global and diffuse radiation are G/G_ext = 0.3156 + 0.4520(n/N) and D/G_ext = 0.3616 − 0.2123 (n/N), respectively.     

Influence of nozzle height to width ratio on ignition and NOx emission characteristics of semicoke/bituminous coal blends in a 300 kW pulverized coal-fired furnace

To improve the ignition behavior and to reduce the high NO_x emissions of blended pulverized fuels (PF) of semicoke (SC), large-scale experiments were conducted in a 300 kW fired furnace at various nozzle settings, i.e., ratios (denoted by h_f/b) of the height of the rectangular burner nozzle to its width of 1.65, 2.32, and 3.22. The combustion tests indicate that the flame stability, ignition performance, and fuel burnout ratio were significantly improved at a nozzle setting of h_f/b = 2.32. The smaller h_f/b delayed ignition and caused the flame to concentrate excessively on the axis of the furnace, while the larger h_f/b easily caused the deflection of the pulverized coal flame, and a high-temperature flame zone emerged close to the furnace wall. NO_x emissions at the outlet of the primary zone decreased from 447 to 354 mg/m³ (O₂ = 6%), and the ignition distance decreased from 420 to 246 mm when the h_f/b varied from 1.65 to 3.22. Furthermore, the ratio (denoted by S_R/S_C) of the strong reduction zone area to the combustion reaction zone area was defined experimentally by the CO concentration to evaluate the reduction zone. The S_R/S_C rose monotonously, but its restraining effects on NO_x formation decreased as h_f/b increased. The results suggested that in a test furnace, regulating the nozzle h_f/b conditions sharply reduces NO_x emissions and improves the combustion efficiency of SC blends possessing an appropriate jet rigidity.     

On the computer simulation of the P–C isotherms of ZrFe2 type hydrogen storage materials

This paper deals with computer simulation of the P–C isotherms of some ZrFe₂ type (Zr(Fe_1−xCr_x)₂, Zr_1−xTi_xFe_1.4Cr_0.6, Zr_1−2xMm_xTi_xFe_1.4Cr_0.6 : x00.4) of hydrogen storage materials. A feasible mathematical model has been developed to simulate the P–C isotherms. The randomized variables in the model applied for simulating the P–C isotherms of the above-mentioned ZrFe₂ type hydrogen storage materials correspond to change in enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) of hydride formation. Several ZrFe₂ type materials as in above have been synthesized and their P–C isotherms, enthalpy and entropy change has been evaluated experimentally in order to have input data for simulation. A special software was developed to simulate the P–C isotherms using the said model. A close match between the experimentally observed and simulated P–C isotherms for the above said ZrFe₂ type alloys has been obtained.     

On the properties of some special functions related to Bessel''s functions and their application in heat exchanger theory

Basic properties of Bs_n(x, y) and Bes_n(x, y) functions related to Bessel functions, are presented. The functions are defined by double power series:

Numerous formulae are given on the origin of identities, differential formulae as well as the ones for calculation of integrals, whose sub-integral functions comprise the foregoing special functions. Some applications of Bs_n(x, y) and Bes_n(x, y) functions are also given with regard to the theory of cross-flow recuperator and to heat transfer analysis of gas-cooled clinker beds. Some cases of boundary conditions and initial boundary conditions are considered. The solutions are of the so-called closed form which is by far better than those achieved by approximate methods. Bs_n(x, y) and Bes_n(x, y) functions may be applied to theoretical analyses of heat and mass exchangers, regenerators, ion exchangers and for different kinds of heavy equipment used in the chemical industry. These functions can also be applied to control and protect various physical processes.     

The total emissivities of luminous and non-luminous flames

Total emissivities of CO₂-H₂O and CO₂-H₂O-soot mixtures arising in oil and gas combustion, p_w/p_c = 1 and 2 respectively, have been computed from the statistical band model and experimental spectral data for the gases and from the optical constants of soot using the Mie theory. For CO₂-H₂O mixtures the emissivity has been fitted by a one-clear three-gray gas model, suitable for use in the zone method of calculating radiative heat transfer, in the temperature range 1200–2400°K, accuracy 0.5 per cent for a 1000-fold range of p_cL, whereby

It is shown that the total emissivity of luminous CO₂-H₂O-soot mixtures can also be represented by a three-gray gas model with constant absorption coefficients K_m,n where,

and the weighting coefficients a_m,n are again linearly temperature dependent. At constant gas composition the K_m,n are related to the soot concentration, c, by

K_m,n = exp[q_1,n + q_2,n·c]

so that the remaining coefficients, a_m,n for luminous flame gases may be determined without recourse to trial and error.     

Conditional probabilities of daily relative sunshine data and the dependence on the weather of the previous day

In this paper, the conditional probabilities p₁₁(m, x) and p₀₁(m, x) of the daily relative sunshine (DRS) are estimated for each month m, using available data for 30 years. p₁₁(m, x) (p₀₁(m, x)) is the probability that the DRS of a day for a certain month is greater than x, (o < x < 1), given that the DRS of the previous day is greater (smaller) than x. The empirical curves for p₁₁(m, x) and p₀₁(m, x) are fitted and the fitting parameters are estimated for each month. The results show a good agreement between the empirical and the calculated values. The vertical distance between the curves p₁₁(m, x) and p₀₁(m, x) shows a strong dependence of the weather on that of the previous day. A method to estimate a sequence of k consecutive days of “good” or “bad” weather is also given.