Food allergy

This article reviews the classification of food allergies, their prevalence, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.     

食物过敏与食品过敏原

<正>食物过敏是一种人体对食物中抗原物质产生的由免疫介导的不良反应,由此引起身体产生一系列临床病理生理的变化,严重时可能产生过敏性休克,甚至危及生命。人类对食物的不良反应的认识已有2000多年的历史,早在公元前460年,古希腊就有人类对牛乳的不良反应的记载。早至16世纪和17世纪,     

Food allergy in patients with pruritic dermatoses

Allergological examination of 88 patients with pruritic dermatoses (eczema and neurodermite) and 55 control subjects has demonstrated an important role of food allergy in the pathogenesis of these dermatoses as well as a high percentage of latent food sensitization. Strawberry, citrus and chicken meat appeared to be the most frequently occurring food allergens. Gastrointestinal diseases identified in part of the patients were found to be conducive to the development of food allergy.     

食物过敏症及其与工业食品蛋白质的关系

食物过敏通常被认为是免疫球蛋白E介导的超敏反应,所以对食物非常敏感。本文就主要过敏性食品中存在的过敏性成分作了一个简明介绍,而且根据通过的关于过敏原的立法,对过敏性食品在工业蛋白质应用上的重要性作了简短讨论。     

Food allergy in dogs and cats: a review

Food allergy (FA) is defined as "all immune-mediated reactions following food intake," in contrast with food intolerance (FI), which is non-immune-mediated. Impairment of the mucosal barrier and loss of oral tolerance are risk factors for the development of FA. Type I, III, and IV hypersensitivity reactions are the most likely immunologic mechanisms. Food allergens are (glyco-)proteins with a molecular weight from 10-70 kDa and are resistant to treatment with heat, acid, and proteases. The exact prevalence of FA in dogs and cats remains unknown. There is no breed, sex or age predilection, although some breeds are commonly affected. Before the onset of clinical signs, the animals have been fed the offending food components for at least two years, although some animals are less than a year old. FA is a non-seasonal disease with skin and/or gastrointestinal disorders. Pruritus is the main complaint and is mostly corticoid-resistant. In 20-30% of the cases, dogs and cats have concurrent allergic diseases (atopy/flea-allergic dermatitis). A reliable diagnosis can only be made with dietary elimination-challenge trials. Provocation testing is necessary for the identification of the causative food component(s). Therapy of FA consists of avoiding the offending food component(s).     

Food allergy to apple and specific immunotherapy with birch pollen

Conflicting results concerning the effect of specific pollen immunotherapy (SIT) on allergy to plant foods have been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of SIT using a birch pollen extract on food allergy with focus on allergy to apple. Seventy-four birch pollen-allergic patients were included in a double-blind, double-dummy, and placebo-controlled comparison of sublingual-swallow (SLIT) and subcutaneous (SCIT) administration of a birch pollen extract. Sixty-nine percent of these patients reported allergy to apple. The clinical reactivity to apple was evaluated by open oral challenges with fresh apple and a questionnaire. The immunoglobulin E (IgE)-reactivity was assessed by skin prick test (SPT), specific IgE, and leukocyte histamine release (HR). Forty patients were included in the final evaluation of the effect of SIT. The challenges were positive in 9 (SCIT), 6 (SLIT), and 8 (placebo) patients after treatment compared to 10, 4, and 10 patients, respectively, before SIT. The symptom scores to apple during challenges decreased in all groups, but only significantly in the placebo group (p = 0.03). As evaluated by the questionnaire, the severity of food allergy in general did not change and there were no differences between the groups. In spite of a significant effect on seasonal hay fever symptoms and use of medication and decrease in IgE-reactivity, SIT was not accompanied by a significant decrease in the severity of allergy to apple compared to placebo. Therefore, oral allergy syndrome (OAS) to apple should not be considered as a main criterion for selecting patients for birch pollen immunotherapy at present.     

牛乳蛋白过敏综述

牛乳过敏(CMA)是一种复杂的无序状态。许多牛乳蛋白均可引起过敏。牛乳蛋白过敏受多种免疫机制驱动。过敏发生率和占主导地位的过敏机制随年龄改变,一般婴儿中易发生IgE介导型过敏,成人过敏多为非IgE介导。CMA真实患者或疑似患者及早避食乳制品和及时给予喂养指导十分重要。本文通过目前对过敏的诱发和免疫机理的了解探讨CMA的流行病学和自然进程。并对过敏反应的初级和次级预防的策略及正在进行的有效彻底治愈CMA的研究进行分析。     

食品安全与食品添加剂

本文谈及食品添加剂的定义、作用、滥用时带来的危害,以及建立食品安全保障体系的重要性.     

食品添加剂VS食品安全

民以食为天,食以安为先。随着我国经济的高速发展,人民生活水平的提高和生活节奏的加快,人们对食品提出了越来越高的要求。一方面要求营养丰富,色、香、味、形俱佳;另一方面要求食用方便、清洁卫生、无毒无害、确保安全。食品添加剂被誉为现代食品工业的灵魂,食品工业越发展,人民生活水平越高,使用的食品添加剂品种就越多。     

食物过敏与食物过敏原

该文综述食物过敏与食物过敏原研究现状,涉及植物性食物、动物性食物及转基因食物中过敏原研 究,并介绍过敏原在食品加工处理的稳定性研究,过敏原检测方法,食物过敏控制等几个方面研究进展。     

食品安全和食品添加剂

最迎阜阳出现“毒奶粉”事件使食品安全再次成为全国舆论焦点。为此,回顾近年来卫生部对食品安全事件统计资料,可以看出,食品安全虽与食品添加剂有一定关系,但真正不安全因素并不是食品添加剂本身。为保证食品添加剂使用安全,各国均有一整套严密审批制度,当新的不利因素发现时,都会及时将其从名单中删除,包括FAO/WHO及美国、日本等国,因此现行食品添加剂使用名单是安全的。此外,随着新的、功能性食品添加剂参与,未来的食品添加剂将更加安全有效。     

焙烤食品和食品添加剂

介绍了焙烤工业常用的食品添加剂。在使用中比较关注的问题主要包括：面粉增白剂过氧化苯甲酰的使用,关于溴酸钾的替代品问题,木聚糖酶的应用,功能性添加剂的使用等。     

论绿色食品有机食品和无公害食品

一、三类食品的概念及产生背景 （一）有机食品的概念及产生背景 有机食品是从英文“Organic Food”直译过来的,一些非英语国家把有机食品称为Eeclogic Food（生态食品）。有机食品是指根据有机农业和有机食品的生产、加工标准而生产出来的,经过有机食品认证机构认定,颁发有机食品证书,供人们食用的食品。有机农业是英国的农业专家霍沃德（Sir.G.Howord）最早提出的,指完全不用人工合成的农药、肥料、生长调节剂和家畜禽饲料添加剂的农业生产体系。其产生背景是在现代工业和现代农业发展过程中,人类不合理的经济活动给环境、资源和食物安全带来不同程度的负面效应,工业“三废”的排放和农业生产大量使用化肥农药造成环境污染和食物污染,从而     

食品级润滑剂 捍卫食品安全

作为食品加工机械的维护剂,食品级润滑剂受到越来越多的关注。为更好的了解其应用和发展,本刊记者拜访了德国克鲁勃、加拿大石油及食品企业……     

食品安全、食品卫生与食品质量概念辨析

从狭义上讲,食品卫生是指食品干净、未被细菌污染,不使人致病。食品安全是指食品及食品相关产品不存在对人体健康造成现实的或潜在的侵害的一种状态,也指为确保此种状态所采取的各种管理方法和措施。与食品卫生相比,食品安全更加强调食品标签的真实、全面、准确;更强调食品认证与商标管理;更重视食品食用方法的特殊要求;更关注个体的差异性。食品安全与食品卫生在公共管理方面的差异也比较明显。食品质量,是一个“度”的概念,是指食品的优劣程度,既包括优等食品,也包括劣等食品。食品安全指的是所有对人体健康造成急性或慢性损害的危险都不存在,是一个绝对概念。食品卫生与食品安全一样也是一个“质”的概念。笔者以为,应当借正在进行的《食品安全法》的起草,《标准化法》与《食品卫生法》的修改,通过法律的途径厘清三个概念。     

罐头工业与食品添加剂

在当前食品安全问题比较突出的时候 ,罐头食品是比较安全可靠的食品。但如何使罐头食品象家庭烹饪食品那么好吃 ,使罐头食品能满足不同人群的需要 ,生产一些特殊营养罐头食品 ,就必须选择若干有功能的食品添加剂。文中介绍了一些食品添加剂在罐头食品中的应用情况 ,旨在进一步促进罐头食品在提高其色香味和口感的同时 ,能开发出适应不同人群需要的特殊营养罐头。