第七章 环加载波纹波导

<正> 1971年Y.Takeicki,T.Hashimoto和F.Takeda等提出用环加载的波纹壁展宽波纹喇叭的工作频带。1976年F.Takeda和T.Hashimoto对这种波纹喇叭进行了理论分析并与实验结果相验证,表明这种波纹壁的等效导纳在3.2:1的频带内呈现容性。而普通直槽波纹壁的等效导纳只能在2:1的频带内呈现容性。因此环加载波纹喇叭的工作带宽大为增加。他们设计的环加载波纹喇叭为普通直槽的波纹喇叭工作带宽的1.35倍。     

N槽结构波纹喇叭的理论分析

本文利用空间谐波法导出了N槽结构(每个周期有N个槽)波纹喇叭的特征方程和等效壁导纳的普遍公式,并把这些公式应用于双槽深波纹喇叭,给出了其等效壁导纳的表达式。文章还对一个双槽深波纹喇叭的等效壁导纳、特征值、口面模比和辐射方向图进行了数值计算,并与实验结果比较,两者吻合得很好。     

一种拓展波纹喇叭带宽的新方法负导纳区的应用

正 通常设计的波纹喇叭都工作于正导纳区,其辐射性能的频带比理论上可达到2:1;但若考虑到要匹配性能好、辐射图的轴旋转性能优良(即交叉极化峰值电平低),其频带比实际上大约可得到14:1。这不能满足频谱复用的卫星通信地面站对天线的要求,它需要频带比为6425:3700=1.736:1。为了解决这一问题,我们尝试利用负导纳区来拓展波纹喇叭的工作带宽     

基于螺纹槽结构的90°波纹喇叭性能研究

为了拓宽宽带通信天线波纹喇叭馈源的工作频带，设计了一款新型90°波纹喇叭，它的波纹槽以阿基米德螺线的轮廓向外扩展. 仿真和测试结果表明:该新型波纹喇叭最优工作带宽可达2∶1，在10~20 GHz的工作频带内，具有稳定的相位中心，其45°面最大交叉极化电平低于?25 dB；在宽频带内波束宽度保持相对恒定，且天线E面和H面辐射方向图的?10 dB波束宽度非常接近. 该新型波纹槽可以在宽频带内使得喇叭的辐射方向图更为对称，是改善波纹喇叭性能的新思路.     

双槽深波纹波导和多频段馈源的理论分析

八十年代出现了工作于多频段的双槽深组合波纹壁喇叭。本文给出了这种波纹壁等效导纳的计算公式及其特征值的计算方法。文中还介绍了这种新型多频段波纹喇叭的计算实例。     

一种Ka波段双槽波纹喇叭天线的设计

将轴槽和直槽相结合,设计了一种工作于Ka波段的新型双槽波纹喇叭天线,模变换段采用轴槽设计,辐射段采用直槽设计,通过仿真试验,获得了波纹喇叭天线轴槽和直槽的最佳数目,并在此基础上,优化了槽宽、槽深及光滑圆波导的长度,得到了辐射性能最佳的天线结构。将所设计的双槽波纹喇叭与传统的单槽波纹喇叭作为馈源,分别应用到卡塞格伦天线中进行了仿真试验。仿真结果表明,所设计的双槽波纹喇叭具有性能更优的辐射特性和驻波特性,作为馈源使用时,卡塞格伦天线在主极化方向上性能良好。     

纵向槽和径向槽组合波纹喇叭馈源的优化设计

研究了纵向槽和径向槽组合的波纹喇叭馈源的优化设计方法.基于旋转体时域有限差分算法分析波纹喇叭的性能,结合协方差矩阵自适应进化策略,以天线口径效率为目标,优化设计了一款Ku频段波纹喇叭馈源,并加工和测试了馈源样机.计算与实测结果表明,在10.7~12.75 GHz频带内,该喇叭具有良好的阻抗匹配和辐射特性,应用于标准卡塞格仑天线时,天线口径效率优于78%,验证了这种优化设计方法的有效性.     

一种新颖L/C双频段波纹喇叭模变换器

提出和研究了一种新颖的用于L/C双频段共用波纹喇叭的双槽结构模变换器。这种双槽结构是由一个环加载槽和一个直槽组成。实验结果表明,一个拥有该新颖双槽结构模变换器的波纹喇叭可在L/C双频段内提供良好的匹配和对称的辐射方向图。     

一种Ka/EHF双频段波纹喇叭

介绍了卫星和地面站天线越来越需要高性能的双频段波纹喇叭馈源,给出了额Ka/EHF双频段波纹喇叭的结构组成,详细地给出了该波纹喇叭各段的设计公式和波纹喇叭槽参数,利用Champ仿真软件仿真计算了该波纹喇叭2个频段的反射损耗和归一化辐射功率方向图,并且在微波暗室测出了该波纹喇叭反射损耗和归一化辐射功率方向图。测试结果和仿真计算结果吻合良好,因此,证实了该波纹喇叭设计的正确性。     

V型槽波纹喇叭的理论分析

本文应用场匹配原理和空间谐波法导出了V型槽波纹喇叭的等效壁导纳的计算公式,通过计算得知其工作带宽可以大于3:1。     

High-Q resonances due to surface waves and their effects on theperformances of corrugated horns

We present a study of high-Q resonance phenomena that occur in corrugated horn structures. It is found that high-Q resonances occur within certain frequency bands where two types of modes, i.e., space-wave and surface-wave modes, simultaneously propagate. A simple model is presented to explain the resonance mechanism. The model yields the conditions for resonance, explains the Q of the resonance, and provides the associated resonant frequency. Approximate formulas for the upper and lower bound frequencies of a resonant band are obtained. It is found that the high-Q resonances deteriorate the gain and crosspolar performances of a horn even if the return losses are acceptable at some resonant frequencies. Rectangular corrugated horns are more susceptible to these resonances than circular corrugated horns, and the reasons for such a difference are explained     

CORRUGATED CONICAL HORN FOR MULTI-FREQUENCY BAND USE

The theory of corrugated conical horn operating at multi-frequency bands is described,and aprqactical corrugated conical horn is constructed.It can operate at three frequency bands(4,6,11 GHz)atleast.The cross polarization peak level is better than -25 dB at 4,6 GHz frequency bands,and the amplitudepattern at 11 GHz frequency band is also very good.It is shown theoretically and experimentally that thecorrugated conical horn operating at multi-frequency bands is the best condidate for multi-frequency bandfeeds.     

多频段共用的波纹圆锥喇叭

本文阐述了波纹圆锥喇叭的多频段工作原理,并介绍了一个至少能在4,6和11 GHz三个频段共用的波纹圆锥喇叭。此喇叭在4,6 GHz频段的交叉极化峰值优于-25dB,在11GHz频段的幅度方向图性能优良。理论和实践表明,使用不止在一个工作区工作的波纹圆锥喇叭可以实现多频段共用的馈源喇叭。     

准太赫兹波段角锥波纹喇叭天线的设计

波纹喇叭天线是20世纪70年代出现的用于微波天线的一种新型器件,它结构紧凑、加工方便、成本较低。不仅如此,它还是一种高效率的馈源,它的方向图具有低旁瓣、轴对称、交叉极化小等一系列优点,因而得到广泛的应用。文中介绍了准太赫兹角锥波纹喇叭天线的基本设计思想。设计了一种工作在140 GHz左右频段的E面波纹角锥喇叭天线。计算机模拟达到了相对于平壁角锥喇叭来说较小波瓣宽度,极低旁瓣电平,E,H面波瓣图趋同的效果。     

双槽结构模变换器的研究

为了能够有效地分析双槽结构模变换器的传输特性,建立了由一段波纹圆波导连接的2个对称模变换器的分析模型,分析了模变换器的等效导纳特性,并由其等效导纳特性优化选取了其槽深、槽宽,深入研究了入口半径、槽数等因素对模变换器传输性能的影响,总结了各因素对模变换器驻波性能影响的规律,优选了入口半径,给出了该模变换器实现TE11模向HE11模平稳过渡所需要的槽数,结论均可用于指导工程设计.     

Broadbanding of corrugated conical horns by means of the ring-loaded corrugated waveguide structure

Broadbanding of corrugated conical horns is investigated with the ring-loaded corrugated circular waveguide (RCWG) structure devised by the authors. The useful frequency bandwidth in which the corrugated horn is effective for the improvement of antenna properties is limited by the frequency characteristics of the horn-aperture field and input VSWR of the horn. By the precise analysis of the RCWG, the maximum frequency range in which the desirable field is obtained is much wider than that in the conventional corrugated circular waveguide, and is achieved almost independent of ring thickness, when ring width is about 20 percent of slot depth. The characteristic impedance of the RCWG is nearly equal to that of the homogeneous circular waveguide when ring thickness becomes large. Therefore, a good transformer between the RCWG and the homogeneous circular waveguide is achieved by increasing ring thickness from the RCWG toward the homogeneous waveguide. From the above investigations, it is found that in the ring-loaded corrugated horn, the useful bandwidth is 1.35 times broader than that in the conventional corrugated horn. The theoretical results are verified by the experimental results.     

宽频比双频Wilkinson功分器的研究与设计

为了实现双频Wilkinson功分器的宽频比特性,并简化设计结构,在研究奇模-偶模分析理论的基础上,提出了一种在输出端口并联开路微带线的新型结构.首先通过奇模-偶模分析理论得出设计电路的参数方程,接着利用Matlab对推导方程进行求解,获得具体的设计参数,从而设计出宽频比(2.0～6.0)的双频Wilkinson功分器.为了验证设计方法的正确性,仿真并且加工了一个工作在870MHz和2140MHz两个基站频率的功分器.测试结果表明:双频功分器在两个工作频段内都具有良好的性能,测试与仿真结果吻合良好,验证了该方法是可行的.     

缺陷地结构在双频MIMO 天线中的应用*

为了提高微带天线间的端口隔离度,提出了一种将缺陷地结构(DGS)应用在MIMO天线中的方法.利用一种双矩形开口谐振环(RCSRR)型的DGS结构排布在两天线之间,并对这种DGS结构进行了参数分析.这种紧致型的双矩形开口谐振环包括两个矩形的开口谐振环,并位于两金属贴片之间,每一个谐振环分别控制一个去耦的谐振频率.仿真和实测结果表明,将DGS结构应用于双频微带天线中可以在2.3/4GHz工作频段上很好地改善端口隔离度,端口间耦合减少9dB以上.     

A Quasioptical System of the Dual Channel SIS Receiver for Trao Telescope

A quasioptical system of 100/150GHz band for dual channel receiver is developed for the simultaneous observation for both bands. The frequency independent Gaussian beam matching is applied to design the quasioptical system for wide band operation. A beam measurement system is constructed to measure the quasioptical system and to align its components. The beam from Cassegrain focus is divided into two polarizations by the beam splitter and then fed to corrugated feed horns of their bands through their quasioptical system. The intensity distributions near the Cassegrain focus and the variations of the beam widths along the propagation are measured in the laboratory. The performances of the developed quasioptical system are evaluated by comparing the measured results with theoretical calculations. The dual channel receiver with this quasioptical system is installed in the 14m telescope. The relative pointing offset between two bands is 3″. We have successfully observed the various sources with both bands using this receiver since October 1998.     

Compact dual-profile corrugated circular waveguide horn

A new type of corrugated horn is presented. It is designed to have a dual-profile corrugation, yielding a more compact structure with respect to standard linear or sinusoidal profiled horns. It is also shown that the new design has some interesting features in terms of the phase centre location and its level of variation over the operating bandwidth