油脂稳定度测试方法比较

在传统的重量法,烘箱法,光照法,AOM法,CDM法等油脂稳定性测试的基础上,新近开发的光电子法,大幅度地节省了测试时间,为高稳定性油脂的测试提供了切实可行的新方式.     

轴类零件平面图的绘制方法与技巧

以一个轴为例,介绍轴类零件的几种画法与技巧。     

无水乙醇制备方法的研究进展

介绍了共沸精馏法、萃取精馏法、膜分离法和吸附法制备无水乙醇的方法及其研究进展,并评价了各种制备方法的优缺点,阐述了燃料酒精在国内外发展进程,分析了燃料酒精快速发展的原因,介绍了目前燃料酒精生产中需要解决的问题及对策。     

水中硝酸盐脱除技术研究进展

本文简述了硝酸盐的危害,介绍了物理化学法、生物法等硝酸盐脱除传统办法的技术现状及优缺点,讲述了光化学法脱氮技术的脱氮原理,为光化学法的研究方向提供参考。     

柞木制取化学浆

研究了柞木制取化学浆的适应性.结果表明,用KP、AS-AQ及NS-AQ法都可以制取得率较高、可漂性较好的化学浆,而且各项质量指标都可以达到或超过漂白亚硫酸盐法阔叶木浆的标准.     

一种用于测定纸浆中过渡金属含量的样品预处理方法

研究了一种用于测定纸浆中过渡金属含量的样品预处理方法(酸处理法).选择了最具代表性的铁为研究对象,通过对酸的种类和浓度、处理温度和时间等条件的选择及优化,得出最佳处理条件为:采用3 mol/L的硫酸溶液来分散纸浆(浆料浓度可视过渡金属离子含量的多少适当调整),然后将其装入密封的容器内在120℃下处理5h.通过与灰分法和消化法预处理后的测定结果比较可知,采用酸处理法对样品进行预处理,可使测定过渡金属离子含量的误差在7％以内,且克服了灰分法中硅化合物的干扰.     

频率测量方法概述

本文频率不仅是电测技术领域内一个最基本的参数,而且各种非电信号,如力学、声学等物理量都可以转换为电频率信号,并且频率信号的抗干扰性强、易于传输,测量精度高。对各种频率测量的方法和特点进行了介绍。     

2-循环系数矩阵对称MSOR法收敛的充分必要条件

讨论了A为2-循环系数矩阵的线性方程组AX=b的对称MSOR迭代求解问题.在系数矩阵A为2-循环系数矩阵且相应的Jacobi迭代矩阵的特征值为实数或纯虚数时对称MSOR法收敛的充分必要条件,并举例说明所得结果的优点.     

阿魏酸糖酯合成的研究进展

阿魏酸糖酯类由于具有特殊的两亲结构以及在人体内起到的生理活性而广泛应用于医药、食品、化妆品等行业。综述了阿魏酸糖酯的化学和生物法合成,并比较了两者的优缺点,指出优化合成方法成为阿魏酸糖酯合成的研究热点。     

羧甲基淀粉的制备和应用

本文综述了羧甲基淀粉的多种制备方法及其在各领域的应用。     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

食品供应链中的肉品安全管理——在加工、贮藏、运输和零售阶段

肉品质量安全是一个复杂的问题,涉及到从农场到餐桌等诸多环节。本文简要介绍了我国肉品的安全现状,肉品供应链加工贮藏和零售运输过程中影响我国肉品质量安全的主要因素及提高加工贮藏和零售运输过程中肉品质量安全的措施,并分析了提高我国肉品安全的意义。以便解决肉品加工贮藏和零售运输过程中普遍存在的安全问题。     

压榨型鲜湿米粉条凝胶质构特性及食用品质影响因素

以压榨型鲜湿米粉条凝胶品质影响因素为研究对象,主要探讨了大米粉基本理化指标、快速黏度分析(rapid visco analyze,RVA)糊化特性、大米淀粉结晶特性对压榨型鲜湿米粉条的食用品质及其凝胶质构特性的影响。研究表明大米粉直链淀粉的质量分数与米粉条的感官得分、质构特性指标(除黏附性、弹性外)呈显著或极显著正相关(P0.05,P0.01),大米粉支链淀粉质量分数与米粉条感官得分、质构特性指标(除黏附性、弹性外)呈显著或极显著负相关(P0.05,P0.01);大米粉粗蛋白(除与恢复性呈显著正相关外)、粗脂肪质量分数与米粉条凝胶特性和食用品质相关性不显著(P0.05);X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱2种方法分析得到的结晶度RX和RI均与米粉条的凝胶特性指标和食用品质感官得分均无显著相关性(P0.05)。RVA糊化特性参数中的峰值黏度、最低黏度和最终黏度与米粉条的感官得分、质构特性指标(除黏附性、弹性外)呈显著或极显著正相关性(P0.05,P0.01);衰减值虽与感官得分、凝胶质构特性指标(除与黏附性显著负相关外)均呈一定的负相关性,但均不显著(P0.05);而回生值则与米粉条感官得分、凝胶质构特性指标的硬度、胶着性、咀嚼性、恢复性均呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。由此可见,直链淀粉、支链淀粉质量分数及RVA糊化特性参数可用来预测压榨型鲜湿米粉条的食用品质关键性指标。     

精梳机用梳理器材专件的技术创新与优选

通过对关键梳理器材及专件结构与性能特点的分析,阐明了国内外精梳器材及专件的创新技术方向,并概括出精梳梳理器材及专件的优选配套总体原则;指出我国现代精梳梳理器材及专件的技术水平与国际先进水平的差距正在不断缩小,部分国产精梳器材、专件的性价比优于国外同类产品.     

Outfitting Textiles,Fashion + Architecture: The Convergence + Interplay of Construction + Engineering for the Human Form

Links between textiles, fashion, and architecture are examined in terms of their visual aesthetics and methods of realization. Both garments and buildings touch our everyday lives and can be seen as similar types of “outfits.” Pragmatic and expressive they provide protection and shelter while also reflecting taste and identity. As ever-new textiles and technologies are emerging, these are infiltrating both the world of fashion and that of architecture. Fashion references architecture, and architecture references fashion in human scale/proportions and harmony/balance of forms, while the correct choice of textile is crucial to their realization. Fashion is traditionally seen as being ephemeral and temporal and architecture as monumental and permanent but these notions are rapidly changing. Fashion is slowing down to embrace issues of sustainability, timelessness, and longevity while architecture is speeding up to take on aspects of flexibility, mobility, and change. It is proposed that the future will move towards a convergence that includes the bespoke where new textiles and technologies enable “outfits” to be made for wearing and for living in that are intimate and individual—tailored to suit and responsive to need.     

Effect of genotype and environment on the concentrations of starch and protein in, and the physicochemical properties of starch from, field pea and fababean

BACKGROUND: The effects of genotype and environment and their interaction on the concentrations of starch and protein in, and the amylose content and thermal and pasting properties of starch from, pea and fababean are not well known. RESULTS: Differences due to genotype were observed in the concentrations of starch and protein in pea and fababean, in the onset temperature (To) and peak temperature (Tp) of gelatinization of fababean starch, and in the pasting, trough, cooling and final viscosities of pea starch and fababean starch. Significant two‐way interactions (location × genotype) were observed for the concentration of starch in fababean and the amylose content, To, endothermic enthalpy of gelatinization (ΔH) and trough viscosity of fababean starch. Significant three‐way interactions (location × year × genotype) were observed for the concentration of starch in pea and the pasting, trough, cooling and final viscosities of pea starch. CONCLUSION: Differences observed in the concentrations of starch and protein in pea and fababean were sufficient to be of practical significance to end‐users, but the relatively small differences in amylose content and physicochemical properties of starch from pea and fababean were not. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

不同施肥方式及水肥调控对烟叶产质量的影响

研究了不同施肥方式和水肥调控对烟叶产、质量的影响.结果表明,在总施氮相同情况下,增加在移栽后10-15 d及打顶前后各淋施1次追肥,能合理调控营养供给,平衡上、中、下各部位烟叶的生长发育,使氮碳代谢主阶段适时过度,保证烟叶正常成熟,明显提高烟叶的产、质量.本试验以20%在移栽时施入,移栽后10d施10%,20 d施10%,30 d施40%,50 d施20%,效果最好.     

Overview on the mechanisms of coffee germination and fermentation and their significance for coffee and coffee beverage quality

Quality of coffee is a complex trait and is influenced by physical and sensory parameters. A complex succession of transformations during the processing of seeds to roasted coffee will inevitably influence the in-cup attributes of coffee. Germination and fermentation of the beans are two bioprocesses that take place during post-harvest treatment, and may lead to significant modifications of coffee attributes. The aim of this review is to address the current knowledge of dynamics of these two processes and their significance for bean modifications and coffee quality. The first part of this review gives an overview of coffee germination and its influence on coffee chemistry and quality. The germination process initiates while these non-orthodox seeds are still inside the cherry. This process is asynchronous and the evolution of germination depends on how the beans are processed. A range of metabolic reactions takes place during germination and can influence the carbohydrate, protein, and lipid composition of the beans. The second part of this review focuses on the microbiota associated with the beans during post-harvesting, exploring its effects on coffee quality and safety. The microbiota associated with the coffee cherries and beans comprise several bacterial, yeast, and fungal species and affects the processing from cherries to coffee beans. Indigenous bacteria and yeasts play a role in the degradation of pulp/mucilage, and their metabolism can affect the sensory attributes of coffee. On the other hand, the fungal population occurring during post-harvest and storage negatively affects coffee quality, especially regarding spoilage, off-tastes, and mycotoxin production.     

突飞猛进的中国油脂工业

中国粮油学会油脂专业分会成立于1985年10月5日,学会成立20年来,中国的油脂工业得到了突飞猛进的发展.从我国油脂、油料生产与消费的快速增长、油脂工业的总体发展水平、市场上琳琅满目的食用油脂产品、大型化油厂建设、油料资源综合利用、油脂机械装备水平、油脂科研和教育等7个方面分别对学会成立20年来,在促进我国油脂科技进步、油脂工业整体水平的提高方面所做的贡献进行了全面而客观的回顾,并对2004年油脂工业的发展特点进行了分析,展望了我国油脂工业的美好前景.