基于双掩模图像差影的工业产品表面缺陷检测

针对利用图像差影法进行缺陷检测时易受配准精度和产品制作过程扰动的影响,以及单掩模算法难以检测不同类型缺陷的问题,结合工业产品表面缺陷,提出基于双掩模的图像差影策略.通过分别提取模板图像和待测图像的边缘并作膨胀处理得到双掩模即模板掩模和待测掩模,双掩模进行融合处理后分别与模板图像和待测图像做卷积,再采用差影法进行缺陷检测.实验证明:该方法能精确检测出多类表面缺陷,且满足实时要求.     

基于小波变换的磁瓦表面缺陷检测方法研究

针对磁瓦表面缺陷人工检测时存在效率低、稳定性差的问题,提出一种将小波变换应用于磁瓦表面缺陷检测的视觉检测方法。实验中对随机样品磁瓦和模板正品磁瓦进行相同的处理,对比两者处理过程中采集到的参数来判别实验磁瓦是否存在缺陷。先通过小波去噪处理图像,利用灰度直方图阈值提取图像并二值化,计算对比阈值提取区域匹配相似度;再用Canny边缘检测算法提取出阈值提取区域轮廓边缘,经过形态学操作,计算对比最大轮廓长度,最大轮廓面积和凸凹平均面积;最后通过设定提取特征的合格区间来判别磁瓦是否存在缺陷。实验结果显示,该算法对倒角不合格、偏磨、掉块和起层等缺陷的识别效果较好,可将磁瓦表面存在的显著缺陷准确地检测出来。     

基于形态学的焊接图像缺陷检测方法研究

射线焊接缺陷的准确检测是保证焊接构件质量的关键,针对焊接生产中采集的图像存在对比度低、噪声干扰及边界模糊等特点,提出了一种基于灰度形态学的射线焊接图像的缺陷检测方法;首先,在对原始射线焊接图像滤波和增强的基础上,根据对焊接图像列灰度的分析运用阈值法提取出焊道;然后,选取了多尺度多结构元素,采用灰度形态学方法对焊接图像进行缺陷边缘检测,并二值化处理后提取出焊接图像巾的缺陷;试验结果表明,相比传统的边缘检测算法,该方法能有效提取图像中的焊接缺陷边缘,且其连续性和完整性较好.     

钢板表面质量机器视觉检测系统设计

针对国内钢厂采用人工方法检查钢板表面缺陷存在可靠性差的问题,开发设计了基于机器视觉技术的带钢表面缺陷自动检测系统.系统通过摄像头采集带钢表面的图像,然后采用图像处理及模式识别算法对图像进行实时处理和分析,从而检测出钢扳表面缺陷,并对缺陷进行自动分类识别.实验结果表明,系统能够对带钢表面进行实时在线监测,并能正确识别常见的带钢表面缺陷.     

基于机器视觉的护套编织线缺陷检测系统设计

针对导线编织护套在编织过程中存在的几种缺陷问题进行分析.利用滤波的方式获得清晰图片,由于采集过程为动态过程,需对图像坐标进行校对,并结合模板的基准坐标进行图像分割.针对编织线表面存在的黑斑、色差等缺陷问题制定模板图像,通过对实时检测的图像与模板图像进行比对运算得到差异图像,再对差异图像进行二值化处理和滤波得到差异特征,差异特征的区域和大小与设定的差异阈值比对,来判定实时图像是否存在缺陷.针对编织过程中经常出现的毛球缺陷进行分析,利用边缘检测、二值化处理和模板比较的方式得到边缘外的信息,根据其形状及面积大小与设定阈值的比对判定是否存在缺陷.经过对实时图像进行多次试验,其结果均能够准确地判断出编织线的缺陷问题.     

基于机器视觉的螺纹钢表面缺陷检测方法

螺纹钢是一种广泛应用的建筑材料,在轧制过程中如果不能及时发现其尺寸和表面缺陷,就会生产出大量废品,给企业带来损失.本文设计了一种基于视觉的螺纹钢表面缺陷检测方法.先利用仿射变换对图像中歪斜的螺纹钢进行校正,然后基于霍夫变换检测纵肋边缘直线位置的方法对螺纹钢正面、侧面图像进行区分.最后针对正面、侧面图像分别进行缺陷检测,快速准确地判别表面是否存在缺陷.实验表明所设计的方法具有较好的稳定性和实用性,能有效地解决人工检测过程中效率低、误检率高等问题.     

火电机组轴承表面细小缺陷深度检测方法仿真

采用当前方法检测火电机组轴承表面细小缺陷未对高效分离背景图像和缺陷特征,导致检测细小缺陷时,检测所用的时间较长,得到的检测结果与实际不符,存在检测效率低和误检率高的问题。提出火电机组轴承表面细小缺陷深度检测方法。通过形态学滤波算法去除火电机组轴承表面图像中存在的噪声,利用曲线拟合方法实现火电机组轴承表面图像的背景估计,通过最大熵分割法火电机组轴承图像进行二值化处理,使背景图像和缺陷特征高效分离;在此基础上,火电机组轴承表面缺陷目标,通过深度置信网络在逐层学习模型的基础上实现火电机组轴承表面细小缺陷的检测。仿真结果表明,所提方法的检测效率高、误检率低。     

基于机器视觉的发动机表面缺陷检测技术

发动机表面的缺陷检测是保证其使用安全性的重要手段。本文应用机器视觉技术实现发动机内表面缺陷的自动检测,用内窥镜采集发动机装药内表面的图像,结合图像特点,通过多次实验对比,选择中值滤波方法对图像进行滤波、Canny算子检测图像边缘,应用像素灰度的相似性和不连续性将缺陷从图像背景中分割出来,在此基础上,选取面积和周长特征作为缺陷判断依据,并将以上功能进行整合,设计缺陷自动检测系统。实验结果表明该方法在发动机内表面缺陷检测方面有较好的效果。     

基于图像处理的片式元件缺陷检测算法

表面缺陷检测是电子元器件生产过程中的关键步骤,通过分析表面缺陷检测的现状问题,结合片式元件图像的自身特征,提出一种基于改进的自适应阈值canny算子的片式元件缺陷检测算法;该算法把片式元件灰度图像进行区域分割,得到不同值域范围内的灰度区域,利用带有敏感度的自适应双阈值canny算子进行边缘检测;算法实现结果表明,该算法能高效地检测并处理不同缺陷类型的片式元件,并且可以达到工业生产的检测速度。     

红外图像处理在墙体空鼓检测上的应用研究

提出了一种基于红外图像的建筑物墙体空鼓检测方法,不但可以远距离、无损地对建筑物空鼓等缺陷进行定性检测,还能对建筑物热工缺陷进行定量分析;采用一种红外图像处理方法来消除墙体温度分布中梯度干扰的影响;通过自适应地调整参数对红外图像进行图像增强处理,有效地排除了环境干扰;通过基于空鼓缺陷边缘轮廓的连通域计算,可直接得到空鼓面积的大小数据;建筑物缺陷现场检测实验结果表明,提出的检测方法既能快速定位出建筑物空鼓等缺陷位置又能以78.3%的精度检测出空鼓面积大小,具有较高的工程应用性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.