改进蚁群算法在飞行冲突求解问题中的应用

改进的蚁群算法可以用于空中交通飞行冲突问题的求解.对空中交通飞行冲突问题的研究背景以及研究现状进行系统概述,简要介绍了人工势场法和蚁群算法.建立了相关的数学模型,将空中交通飞行冲突问题转化为有约束的非线性整数规划问题,并且把人工势场法和蚁群算法相结合,设计了将人工势场法的规划结果作为蚁群优化算法先验知识的求解思路.最后的仿真计算表明了该方法能加快蚁群算法的收敛速度,在短时间内提供理想的冲突解决方案.     

时间依赖型车辆路径问题的一种改进蚁群算法

时间依赖型车辆路径规划问题(TDVRP),是研究路段行程时间随出发时刻变化的路网环境下的车辆路径优化.传统车辆路径问题(VRP)已被证明是NP-hard问题,因此,考虑交通状况时变特征的TDVRP问题求解更为困难.本文设计了一种TDVRP问题的改进蚁群算法,采用基于最小成本的最邻近法(NNC算法)生成蚁群算法的初始可行解,通过局部搜索操作提高可行解的质量,采用最大--最小蚂蚁系统信息素更新策略.测试结果表明,与最邻近算法和遗传算法相比,改进蚁群算法具有更高的效率,能够得到更优的结果;对于大规模TDVRP问题,改进蚁群算法也表现出良好的性能,即使客户节点数量达到1000,算法的优化时间依然在可接受的范围内.     

不确定环境下一种新的双蚁群路径规划算法

蚁群算法作为一种新型的模拟进化算法,被广泛地用于路径规划问题。但是传统的蚁群算法存在搜索时间长、收敛速度慢、易于陷入局部最优等缺点,为了克服算法的不足,该文提出一种改进的双蚁群算法,通过改变启发因子,同时引入最大最小蚁群系统思想对信息素进行更新以提高算法性能。实验结果表明,与同类算法相比,该算法能得到更优的路径。     

机器人全局路径规划的混合蚁群系统算法

针对蚁群算法易陷入局部最优的缺点以及收敛速度与局部最优的矛盾,提出一种求解移动机器人全局路径规划的改进混合蚁群系统算法。该算法由两部分组成：Dijkstra算法用于规划出一条次优路径;进一步用改进的蚁群系统算法优化次优路径以获得最优路径。在改进的蚁群系统算法中,首先定义了一种新的启发信息函数来增加种群多样性;然后给出改进的交叉算子避免算法陷入局部最优,并进一步提高解的质量。仿真结果表明：所提出的算法与参考文献中的算法相比搜索效率更高,解的质量更好,性能更优。即使在障碍物复杂的环境中,对于多目标点问题,该算法仍能规划出较好的目标遍历路径,且用时时间较少。     

改进蚁群算法的配电网网架优化规划方法

利用改进蚁群算法对配电网络进行规划,将该算法应用到辐射型配电网络中。在己知各配电变电站供电范围的基础上,利用蚁群算法特有的路径寻优功能进行配电网布局,并处理蚂蚁留下的信息素,以方便地求得配电网络规划问题的最优或近似最优解。通过具体的算例证明,改进的蚁群算法具有更优的全局搜索能力,提高了算法的收敛速度。     

优化蚁群算法在无人机航路规划中的应用

研究无人机航路规划问题,采用基本蚁群算法易陷入局部最优、搜索时间长导致人机作航路规划效率低的难题.为了提高无人机航路规划效率,提高速度和系统品质特性,提出了一种基于改进蚁群算法的无人机航路规划方法.算法前期采用了保留最优解和自适应航路点选择策略对路径进行优化,使之适应大规模问题求解;后期改进了基本蚁群算法中信息素、挥发因子的更新规则,通过改进使得每轮搜索后信息素的增量能更好地反映求解的质量,有效地避免陷入局部最优,加快了收敛,提高了搜索效率.采用改进的蚁群算法对无人机任务航路进行仿真,仿真结果表明,改进方法避免了陷入局部最优,并缩短了搜索时间,航路规划效率明显提高,证明是一种有效的无人机航路优化方法,可为实际应用提供参考.     

煤炭勘探及救援机器人最优路径规划研究

为了解决三维环境中的煤炭勘探及救援机器人路径规划问题,提出了一种基于改进蚁群算法的煤炭勘探及救援机器人最优路径规划方法。利用栅格法创建了三维空间环境模型,建立了煤炭勘探及救援机器人的路径规划目标函数;通过引入新的启发函数因子、节点随机选择机制、局部更新和全局更新相结合的策略分别对算法的节点转移概率设计、节点选择策略和信息素更新策略进行了优化改进。Matlab仿真结果表明,在三维空间环境模型中,传统蚁群算法和改进蚁群算法均能为煤炭勘探及救援机器人搜索出一条最优路径;在不同任务要求下,改进蚁群算法能有效缩短搜索路径长度和降低路径搜索时间,且具有较强的决策能力和较好的收敛性能。     

基于ACS-GA算法的车辆路径问题研究

物流配送车辆路径问题是智能交通和商业物流领域中一个重要研究方面。合理规划车辆的行驶路线,减少配送里程,降低物流成本,对提高经济效益具有重要意义。重点分析了带时间窗的物流配送车辆路径问题,建立了兼顾配送时间与配送距离最短的改进数学模型。提出了基于蚁群系统算法和遗传算法相融合的混合算法。该算法利用蚁群系统算法得到初始解,运用遗传算法中复制、交叉、变异操作对解的种群多样性进行扩充,克服了蚁群系统算法的早熟现象,增强了算法的全局搜索能力。基于标准数据集的实验结果表明,该算法与其他优化方法相比较,具有较好的搜索车辆路径最优解的能力。     

改进蚁群算法在机器人路径规划上的研究

基于蚁群算法在路径规划过程中出现收敛速度慢、易陷入局部最优,且在复杂环境下的寻优能力弱等缺陷,提出了一种适用于机器人路径规划的改进蚁群算法。在预规划路径基础上建立初始信息素矩阵,避免算法前期盲目搜索,提高搜索速度;将改进蚁群算法和A*算法进行有机融合,进一步提高蚁群算法搜索方向性和收敛速度。制定信息素更新规则时引入拐点评价函数,提高搜索路径的光滑性,提高机器人安全性和降低能耗;提出回退策略有效减少蚂蚁死亡数量,提高路径规划方法的鲁棒性。仿真实验表明,在相同的环境下,改进的蚁群算法在机器人路径规划中搜索效率和收敛速度明显优于其他算法。     

大规模AGV的改进时间窗路径规划

在机器人路径规划中,A*算法搜索路径时存在大量冗余节点,随着任务量增加,其搜索效率也会急剧下降,因此无法适应大规模任务下的路径规划。为此提出一种改进时间窗的有界次优A*算法用于求解大规模自动导引车（automatic guided vehicle,AGV）路径规划问题。算法使用时间启发式,并在搜索过程中采用时空搜索,规划无冲突的最优或次优路径。算法主要进行了三处改进：采用时间启发式,缩短了路径时间;采用动态时间窗算法,避免多次路径规划;优化了聚焦搜索算子,降低负反馈。通过MATLAB实验结果证明改进后的算法在进行多机器人路径规划时,能快速有效地规划出无冲突的平滑次优路径,搜索效率高,稳定性强。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。