一种反应性含磷乳化剂的合成研究

采用甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA),十二酸(LA)为原料,合成了一种仲醇结构的中间体,得到优化的工艺条件为:用等摩尔的GMA和LA,采用N,N-二甲基苄胺为催化剂,用量为反应物总量的0.6%,于105℃下反应8 h,转化率可达99%以上。以POCl3作为磷化剂,与仲醇中间体反应,再水解制得含甲基丙烯酰基团的反应性含磷乳化剂。研究了反应介质和反应温度对产物结构的影响。较佳的磷化工艺条件为:POCl3和仲醇中间体的摩尔比为1.2∶1.0,反应介质为甲苯,于-30℃反应2 h可得到单酯质量分数62.5%的磷酸酯,将得到的产物提纯后制得单酯质量分数较高的磷酸酯。用红外光谱分析了原料、仲醇中间体和提纯后的磷酸酯的结构,并用核磁共振波谱(13C3、1P)对提纯后的磷酸酯的结构进行了表征。结果表明,最终得到的磷酸酯乳化剂的结构与设计的基本相符。     

一种含氟烷基磷酸酯类氟碳表面活性剂的复配研究

研究了含氟烷基磷酸单酯类表面活性剂[分子式为H(CF2)6CH2OPO(ONa)2,记为DFH-PS]与无机盐和普通碳氢表面活性剂的复配性能,研究结果表明,DFH-PS水溶液最低表面张力为23.73 mN/m;当NaCl浓度为0.2 mol/L时,可使DFH-PS水溶液最低表面张力下降到21.62 mN/m;阴离子碳氢表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)对该含氟表面活性剂影响显著,当n(DFH-PS)∶n(SDS)=5∶1时,可使水溶液表面张力在很低浓度时降至22.22 mN/m;与非离子表面活性剂辛基酚聚氧乙烯(10)醚(OP-10)混合,当n(DFH-PS)∶n(OP-10)=8∶1时,可使水溶液表面张力降至27.0 mN/m。     

Aluminosilicate phosphate cements – a critical review

Phosphate cements are formed by the reaction at an environmental temperature between a phosphate solution and a solid precursor. The precursors can be divided into two categories: One contains mono- or divalent cations that are dissolved and form cation-phosphate precipitates acting as a binder. The other category is based on aluminosilicates, and in these cements, covalent Al–O–P and Si–O–P bonds are formed. There is however not yet agreement on the structure and properties of these cements in the limited literature on this last category. Compressive strengths between 40 and 146?MPa were reported, but these high values were only obtained by one group. The mentioned mechanical strengths in literature render the materials promising candidates for construction purposes. More important is that phosphate cements have a neutral pH after hardening. This allows the use of low-cost glass fibers as reinforcement. The production of Textile Reinforced Cements is thus one of the important future applications. Moreover, there is some disagreement on the molecular structure formed. Some state that Al is present in VI-fold coordination. Others state that berlinite-like structures are formed. Thus, Al is in IV-fold coordination. Crystalline berlinite is however only proven to be present after thermal treatment to at least 250°C. The formation of stable crystalline phases at high temperature makes the material also suited for use as a refractory. A drawback is the scarcity of phosphate minerals to produce phosphoric acid. For this reason, the use of phosphate cement should be limited to niche applications. As phosphates can be fast setting cements, one of these applications might be in additive manufacturing.     

The influence of dissolved ozone in a phosphate bath on phosphate coatings on carbon steel

The influence of dissolved ozone (O₃) and its concentrations on the formation of phosphate coatings on carbon steel in phosphate bath, as well as the protective properties of phosphate coatings in a 5 wt% NaCl solution have been studied. The structure, surface morphologies, and phase compositions of the phosphate coating on the carbon steel substrate was investigated by SEM, XRD. It is shown that the phosphate coating became more dense with fewer microholes and an increasing concentration of ozone in phosphate bath in the range of 0.0 to 1.62 mg/L. The coating compositions were Zn₃(PO₄)₂ · 4H₂O (hopeite) and Zn₂Fe(PO₄)₂ · 4H₂O. Potentiodynamic polarization and immersion tests were used to evaluate the corrosion properties of the treated samples. The coating showed good corrosion resistance properties.     

Flotation of a carbonate rich sedimentary phosphate rock

A large portion of the world's phosphate reserves are sedimentary type containing appreciable amounts of carbonate minerals. These are the most difficult type of deposits to beneficiate. The depletion of other reserves easier to beneficiate, necessitates research to find methods of mineral processing for carbonate rich sedimentary phosphate deposits. In this study, a new flotation method is described which was applied successfully in a laboratory scale flotation cell. Flotation of Al-Jalamid phosphate rock (sedimentary type with high carbonates and low silica content) found in northern Saudi Arabia was studied using a fatty acid as collector and sodium sulfate as a flotation aid.     

某硅钙质胶磷矿双反浮选试验研究

针对某胶磷矿的性质,采用双反浮选工艺流程,首先在酸性条件下用阴离子捕收剂B-1反浮选脱镁,脱镁精矿再在碱性条件下用阳离子捕收剂B-2脱除硅酸盐杂质,最终获得的磷精矿的品位为32.69％,回收率高达81.76％,含MgO 1.53％.     

Sodium zinc phosphate as a corrosion inhibitive pigment

A sodium zinc phosphate pigment synthesized using a co-precipitation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction was investigated for its corrosion inhibition activity in comparison with the commercial zinc phosphate using EIS in a 3.5% NaCl solution. A mild steel surface analysis after exposure to the test solutions was conducted using scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray and infrared spectroscopies. The results indicate that the corrosion inhibitive performance of the synthesized pigment is higher than that of the commercial zinc phosphate. This can be the result of the synthesized pigment's relatively high solubility, which affects the precipitation of a phosphate layer onto the mild steel surface and the modification of the crystalline structure of the corrosion products in the presence of the inhibitive pigment. The salt spray and wet pull-off tensile strength results revealed an improved corrosion protection of the coatings formulated with SZP.     

磷石膏废渣特性与开发应用

介绍了磷石膏的产生、结晶形态及其特性，在评述现有利用磷石膏工艺技术基础上，讨论了磷石膏转化制硫酸钾的一步转化法和二步转化法新工艺。     

Effect of phosphate,calcium, and pH on the dissolution of a phosphate rock in soil

The effect of phosphate (P), calcium (Ca), and pH on the dissolution of Sechura phosphate rock (SPR) in a Typic Dystrochrept was investigated in an incubation study over 90 days. Increasing the P status of the soil had little effect on either the rate or extent of dissolution of SPR, as measured by a single extraction with 0.5M NaOH, or on the amount of plant-available P in the soil as measured by the Bray procedure. This suggests that a reactive PR such as SPR could be effective as a maintenance P fertilizer on soils of medium and high P status.The dissolution of SPR at pH 6.4 was only 4% of total P added, compared to 33.6% of total P added at pH 5.2. Addition of Ca as CaCl₂, at the same rate of Ca as that added in Ca(OH)₂ to raise soil pH from 5.2 to 6.4, reduced the dissolution of SPR to 11% of total P added. The large effect of Ca on the dissolution of SPR contrasts with the small effect of soil P status and probably reflects the fact that the concentration of Ca in the soil solution is generally several orders of magnitude higher than that of P. The results obtained suggest that pH, per se, is of less importance in the dissolution and subsequent plant availability of P from phosphate rock in soil than previously thought.     

利用磷矿制备饲料添加剂磷酸二氢钙

以磷矿为原料制备磷酸,通过化学沉淀法脱氟除杂质得到净化的磷酸,再将净化后的磷酸与碳酸钙反应制备饲料级磷酸二氢钙.考察了硫酸质量分数、石灰乳用量、反应时间和反应温度4个因素对磷酸二氢钙产率的影响,得到了制备磷酸二氢钙的最佳工艺条件:硫酸质量分数60％,石灰乳用量7.00 g,反应时间1.5h,反应温度50℃.在此最佳工艺...     

某磷块岩矿石的双反浮选研究

某磷块岩矿石的双反浮选试验所采用的工艺是:先以磷酸作调整剂,用W-03作捕收剂反浮选白云石,然后以阳离子捕收剂月桂胺和两性捕收剂T-01浮选硅酸盐矿物,槽中产物为磷精矿。试验取得了精矿含P_2O_5 32.87％,MgO 0.65％和收率80.5％的指标。     

Tar removal from phosphate solutions at a quartz filter

The removal of tar and suspended particulates from phosphate solutions at a quartz filter is considered. The filter’s optimal operating conditions are determined. Introduction of this filter reduces the downtime in the circulating phosphate system for the removal of tar deposits.     

Technology of unfired periclase-spinel parts with a phosphate binder

Conclusions The method of production of periclase-spinel parts with a phosphate binder provides high physicotechnical properties in them and does not require high temperature firing.The unfired parts may be used for lining the burning zone of rotating cement and other industrial kilns.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 1, pp. 34–37, January, 1985.     

一种改性复合磷酸盐铸造胶粘剂的研究

以H3PO4(磷酸)、Al(OH)3(氢氧化铝)和Zn O(氧化锌)为主要原料,合成了一种铝-锌复合磷酸盐胶粘剂;以Mg O(氧化镁)和M剂作为复合改性剂,采用正交试验法优选出合成该胶粘剂的最佳工艺条件。研究结果表明:当m[Al(OH)3]∶m(Zn O)∶m(M剂)∶m(Mg O)=35∶26∶10∶8时,所得胶粘剂的储存稳定性良好;通过加热硬化(200℃处理20 min)得到砂芯的初始拉伸强度(σ0)为2.10 MPa,在相对湿度低于60%的环境中胶粘剂的24 h拉伸强度(σ24 h)≥1.83 MPa,并且砂芯发气量(≤10 m L/g)和溃散性良好,能够满足铸造的生产要求。