MIM Fe-Ni-Cr低合金钢的性能和组织

研究了以Fe-2Ni为基体，向其中分别加入0．5％、1％和3％的Cr时，合金烧结态和热处理态的力学性能和微观组织变化。结果表明，随着Cr含量的增加，合金密度降低，孔隙增多且变大；烧结态强度和硬度增加，伸长率和冲击吸收功下降。Fe-2Ni-3Cr合金的强度和硬度最高分别为975MPa和73．3HRB；Fe-2Ni合金的伸长率和冲击吸收功最高分别为12％和7．6J；热处理态合金强度相差不大，Fe-2Ni-0．5Cr的强度最高达到1240MPa；伸长率和冲击功下降；硬度增加。烧结态合金的微观组织为珠光体＋很少量的铁素体，Fe-2Ni-3Cr合金中出现Ni的富集区；热处理态合金的微观组织加入Cr后变为回火马氏体，且在Fe-2Ni-3Cr合金中出现网状的二次渗碳体。     

Properties of iron-copper master alloy powder

The advantages of low-alloy sintered materials produced from iron—copper master alloy are confirmed. Physical and technological properties of the master alloy powders are determined. Experiments show that mixtures of iron, graphite, and iron—copper powders compact well to produce high-quality articles. Sintered materials have strength values (σ_f ～ 345 MPa, HB ～ 1430 MPa) comparable with those of similar materials produced using electrolytic copper.     

Ti-6Al-4V粉末注射成形喂料流变主曲线的生成

从流变学基本理论出发,讨论剪切速率、温度与Ti-6Al-4V粉末注射成形喂料的剪切粘度的关系。结果表明:随剪切速率增加,喂料的粘度降低;随温度升高,喂料的粘度下降;且喂料在不同温度下的粘度曲线形状相似,只是位置因温度不同而发生相对位移。在此基础上应用由时温等效原理发展而来的(0/??~???0)主曲线生成方法获得Ti-6Al-4V合金粉末喂料的流动主曲线。借助该主曲线,对于进一步研究金属粉末注射成形(MIM)喂料的其它特性以及生产实践大有益处。     

Grain refinement of AZ31 magnesium alloy by Al-Ti-C-Y master alloy

Al-Ti-C-Y master alloy was prepared by combining SHS technique and melting-casting method. The microstructure of master alloy and its grain-refining effect on AZ31 alloy were investigated by means of OM, XRD, SEM and EDS. Experimental results indicated that the prepared master alloy consisted of α-Al, TiAl3, TiC and Al3Y phases, and exhibited good grain-refining performance of AZ31 alloy. Morphology of α-Mg changed from coarse dendritic to fine equiaxed and the average grain size of α-Mg matrix reduced from the original 580 to 170 μm after adding 1.0 wt.% master alloy. The grain refining efficiency of Al-Ti-C-Y master alloy on AZ31 alloy was mainly attributed to heterogeneous nucleation of TiC particles and grain growth restriction of Al-Y compound or TiC at grain boundaries.     

Structure and phase composition of a V-Al-N master alloy

The structure and phase composition of the V-Al-N master alloys produced using out-of-furnace aluminothermic melting of charges containing nitrided vanadium filings or powdered electrolytic vanadium are studied. It has been found that the nitrogen-containing phase of these alloys is represented by aluminum nitride. The master alloy ingots melted using the nitriding agents are characterized by identical values of the integral parameters of nitride phases. Based on metallography results, certain similarity is found between inclusions and the nitriding agent added to the charge for melting of a V-Al-N master alloy.     

Al-Sc-Zr master alloy and estimation of its modifying capacity

An Al-1.1 Sc-1.1 Zr (wt %) master alloy with a uniform distribution of micron and submicron particles of aluminide phase Al₃(Sc_{1 − x} Zr _x ) has been obtained by exposing of equal amounts of commercial Al-Sc and Al-Zr master alloys to short-time actions of low-frequency vibrations transferred to the alloy via an irradiating plunger. Zirconium substitutes up to 50% Sc in aluminides and retains its L1₂ lattice. The modifying capacity of the experimental master alloy is tested on cast alloy (wt %) Al-8Zn-2.4Cu-3Mg. Intense grain refinement of this alloy is achieved by its modification with a certain amount of the master alloy. At a certain Sc + Zr content, a grain dendrite structure completely disappears in the alloy.     

铜粉对MIM钨铜合金组织和性能的影响

采用金属注射成形（MIM）技术制备了钨铜合金,定量表征了铜粉的粉末粒度和粒形,重点研究了铜粉粒度和粒形对MIM钨铜合金组织与性能的影响。通过对比铜粉的粒径、粒度分布宽度、长宽比、粗糙度、赘生物指数和钝度等特征参数,破碎铜粉与水雾化铜粉颗粒呈枝晶状,粒径远小于还原铜粉,但破碎铜粉粒度分布宽,微观结构上的规则度、表面光滑程度以及分散程度最佳。破碎铜粉混合钨粉为原料,通过MIM技术制备钨铜注射生坯致密度高、缺陷少,烧结后钨铜合金的组织与性能最优,致密度为96.2%,硬度为235HV,抗弯强度为1 200 MPa,热导率为128 W/(m·K),电导率为30%IACS。     

Use of aluminum nitride in melting a V-Al-N master alloy

The possibility to use aluminum nitride as a nitriding agent for out-of-furnace aluminothermic melting of V-Al-N master alloys is studied and tested. It has been found that the replacement of nitrided vanadium by aluminum nitride in a charge for melting does not change the phase composition of the master alloy and the uniformity of the distribution of nitride inclusions in the ingot volume. The nitrogen-containing phase of the V-Al-N master alloy is represented by aluminum nitride. The mean values of the structural parameters of the master alloys melted from charges containing nitrided vanadium or aluminum nitride are identical.     

EDTA滴定法测定铜镁中间合金中镁

铜镁合金是铜合金材料中具有代表性的高强高导合金,在电子通讯、交通运输等领域具有广泛的运用,冶炼中通常以中间合金形式添加镁,但对于铜镁中间合金中高含量镁鲜有准确测定方法。实验采用盐酸和硝酸混合酸溶解,再以六次甲基四胺溶液和铜试剂为沉淀剂,两步沉淀分离基体元素及杂质元素,残留的痕量金属离子采用L-半胱氨酸、三乙醇胺和盐酸羟胺溶液掩蔽,再用氨水-氯化铵缓冲溶液调节溶液pH值约为10,以铬黑T为指示剂,用EDTA滴定法测定铜镁中间合金中镁。通过条件实验确认了沉淀剂及掩蔽剂的加入量。按照实验方法测定铜镁中间合金实际样品中镁,测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)为0.27%~0.48%,加标回收率为99.6%~100.9%。方法满足金属镁质量分数为10%~30%的铜镁中间合金的检测要求。     

热处理方式对MIMFe-50Ni合金磁性能的影响

以羰基铁粉和羰基镍粉为原料粉末,采用金属注射成形(MIM)工艺制备Fe-50%Ni软磁合金,分别采用炉冷、空冷、油冷和液氮冷等4种冷却方式对该合金进行热处理,借助TEM分析和居里温度测量等检测技术系统研究冷却方式对其磁性能的影响,并对不同热处理方式导致试样磁性能差异的根本原因进行分析。结果表明:热处理冷却方式对注射成形Fe-50%Ni软磁合金的密度、杂质含量和晶粒尺寸影响都不大,但对磁性能的影响非常明显,随冷却速率加快,该合金的矫顽力先增大后减小。液氮冷却的试样磁性能最好,其饱和磁感应强度为1.45T,矫顽力为7 A/m,最大磁导率为72.47 mH/m,初始磁导率为10.12 mH/m。油冷和液氮冷却试样中存在亚稳FeNi有序相,导致合金的磁性能大幅提高。     

Grain refining of Al-4.5Cu alloy by adding an Al-30TiC master alloy

A particulate Al-30 wt pct TiC composite was employed as a grain refiner for the Al-4.5 wt pct Cu alloy. The composite contains submicron TiC particles. The addition of the TiC grain refiner to the metal alloy in the amount of 0.1 Ti wt pct effected a remarkable reduction in the average grain size in Al-4.5 wt pct Cu alloy castings. With the content of over 0.2 Ti wt pct, the grain refiner maintained its refining effectiveness even after a 3600-second holding time at 973 K. The TiC particles in the resulting castings were free of interfacial phases. It is concluded that the TiC are the nucleating agents and that they are resistant to the “fading effect” encountered with most grain refiners.     

Grain refinement of Mg-3Y alloy using Mg-10Al_2Y master alloy

The as-extruded Mg-10 Al_2 Y master alloy was chosen as a novel grain refiner for as-cast Mg-3 Y alloy.Contrast samples of cast Mg-3 Y alloy added with pure Al and Mg-Zr master alloy grain refiners were prepared under the same conditions.In this study,the influence of addition amounts of Al_2 Y and holding time on grain refinement efficiency as well as tensile properties was investigated.And the grain refining ability of the Al_2 Y particles was systematically evaluated in terms of the addition amounts,number density of the Al_2 Y particles and holding time.The finest grains are achieved at 2 wt% Al_2 Y addition amount,which corresponds to number density of the polygonal Al_2 Y particles of 420-460 mm~(-2).The Mg-10 Al_2 Y master alloy has significant refinement performance and no refining recession occurs at the holding time within 60 min,or the settling time up to 180 min.Grain refinement and the second phase strengthening of uniformly distributed Al_2 Y particles contribute to the simultaneous enhancement on both strength and elongation of Mg-3 Y alloy.     

Al-Ti-B中间合金中第二相沉淀现象研究

采用氟盐铝热反应法制取Al-Ti-B中间合金细化剂,对其反应过程进行了分析.通过对比挤压前后的微观组织,研究挤压变形对组织造成的影响.结果表明,挤压使得TiAl₃颗粒尺寸减小、表面趋于平滑,挤压过程中发生的再结晶现象使TiB₂分布均匀弥散.另外通过静置实验研究了α-Al基体中第二相的沉淀现象,深入分析了沉淀过程及原因,提出了减少第二相颗粒聚集、沉淀的方法,着重强调了优化挤压工艺和添加适量稀土元素的作用.     

8-羟基喹啉分光光度法测定铍铜中间合金中铝

为测定铍铜中间合金中铝的含量,使用硝酸溶解试样,用氨水调节至pH 6～7,使铁、铝以氢氧化物形式沉淀,过滤并洗涤使其与基体铜分离。采用盐酸溶解沉淀,在pH 5.0的乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液中,铝与8-羟基喹啉形成络合物,采用三氯甲烷萃取,络合物最大吸收波长位于393 nm处,表观摩尔吸光系数为6.45×10³ L·mol^-1·cm^-1。在三氯甲烷显色溶液中,铝离子的质量浓度在0～4 000 μg/L范围内符合比尔定律。铁、铜等干扰元素于显色前使用铜试剂-三氯甲烷萃取分离除去。方法适用于铍铜中间合金中0.000 2%～0.5%铝的测定,结果与ICP-AES法测定结果相符合,样品加标回收率为98%～102%。     

Grain refinement of AZ31 magnesium alloy by AI-Ti-C-Y master ahoy

Al-Ti-C-Y master alloy was prepared by combining SHS technique and melting-casting method. The microstructure of master alloy and its grain-refining effect on AZ31 alloy were investigated by means of OM, XRD, SEM and EDS. Experimental results indicated that the prepared master alloy consisted of α-Al, TiAl3, TiC and Al3Y phases, and exhibited good grain-refining performance of AZ31 alloy. Morphology of α-Mg changed from coarse dendritic to free equiaxed and the average grain size of α-Mg matrix reduced from the original 580 to 170 μm after adding 1.0 wt.% master alloy. The grain refining efficiency of Al-Ti-C-Y master alloy on AZ31 alloy was mainly attributed to heterogeneous nucleation of TiC particles and grain growth restriction of Al-Y compound or TiC at grain boundaries.     

Al—10Ce中间合金对ZL102共晶Al—Si合金的变质研究

分析研究了Al—10Ce中间合金对ZL102共晶铝硅合金的变质处理效果。结果表明,Al—10Ce中间合金用量、熔体中的杂质以及冷却速度对变质效果的影响很大,Al-10Ce中间合金用量为0．9％左右时达到最佳变质效果,提高Al—Si的纯度可以获得变质组织,冷却速度超过70℃／min时才具有明显的变质效果。     

Al-10Ce中间合金对ZL102共晶Al-Si合金的变质研究

分析研究了Al-10Ce中间合金对ZL102共晶铝硅合金的变质处理效果.结果表明,Al-10Ce中间合金用量、熔体中的杂质以及冷却速度对变质效果的影响很大,Al-10Ce中间合金用量为0.9%左右时达到最佳变质效果,提高Al-Si的纯度可以获得变质组织,冷却速度超过70℃/min时才具有明显的变质效果.     

Densification behavior of tungsten heavy alloy based on master sintering curve concept

The master sintering curve (MSC) theory is modified by substituting the densification ratio (φ) for the densification parameter (ψ) to identify regions where shrinkage occurs by a similar combination of sintering mechanisms. The modified MSC theory is used to analyze the results of dilatometry experiments conducted with W-Ni-Fe heavy alloys, in which a phase change occurs during sintering. Apparent activation energies for sintering in three regions (solid state, transition, and liquid phase) are calculated. These activation energies are compared with experimental values for diffusion and other mass-transport phenomena to identify the dominant mechanisms in each region. A series of master sinter curves for varying W contents are developed into a master sintering surface that includes tungsten content and integral work.     

The refining effect of Fe-Ti-N master alloy towards 409L stainless steel

The Fe-Ti-N mater alloy was prepared through the in-situ reaction of nitrogen gas with the Fe-Ti melt.Scanning electron microscope results show that the particles uniformly distributed in the iron matrix were TiN.The deliberately prepared Fe-Ti-N master alloy was employed for the 409L ferritic stainless steel in an attempt to refine the as-cast solidification structure.It was found that the effectiveness of Fe-Ti-N master alloy on refining of the as-cast 409L ferritic stainless steel was affected by addition level,holding time and melts temperature.It was found that the average equiaxed grain size decreased from 1 503μm to 303μm,the proportion of equiaxed grain zone increased from 14%to 100%with increasing the Fe-Ti-N master alloy addition level to 2.5%.The proportion of equiaxed grain decreased from 85%to 4%as the solidification temperature increased from 1 803 K to 1 883 K.When the holding time reached to 8min,the solidification structures of 409L ferritic stainless steel show extreme points in the proportion of equiaxed grain.It is clear that the grain refining efficiency gradually fade away with the increasing of the holding time at the very beginning.However,when the holding time continues to increase and exceeds the extreme point, the grain refining efficiency of the Fe-Ti-N master alloy recovered to a certain degree.The experimental results mentioned above have been analyzed in terms of thermodynamics.Under appropriate conditions,the Fe-Ti-N master alloy used for grain refinement of the solidification structure of 409L ferritic stainless steel may have good prospects for industrial applications.