Theoretical and experimental investigations of a diode-pumpedquasi-three-level laser: the Yb3+-doped Ca4GdO(BO3)3 (Yb:GdCOB) laser

We present a theoretical and experimental analysis of a diode-pumped Yb³⁺-doped Ca₄GdO(BO₃)₃ (Yb:GdCOB) laser. A new model for a diode-pumped quasi-three-level laser is described. The effects of absorption saturation, temperature profile, and the beam quality M² factor of the pump diode have been taken into account, for the first time to our knowledge. We have obtained a good agreement between experimental measurements and theoretical calculations with two different pump wavelengths, 902 and 976 nm. Our model has given good predictions of the laser performances for different crystal temperatures and different M² factors of the pump beam. As much as 440 mW of output power (at 1082 nm) have been achieved for 640 mW of absorbed pump power at 976 nm, corresponding to one of the highest slope efficiencies (81%) ever obtained with Yb-doped lasers     

Er_xY_(1-x)Al_3(BO_3)_4晶体的生长及性质

研究了助熔剂法合成Er_xY_(1-x)Al_3(BO_3)_4(EYAB)晶体的工艺;对该体系的物相进行了差热和X-射线分析,确定了K_2Mo_3O_(12)及EYAB相的生成温度得到不同组成的EYAB晶体;观察了晶体缺陷,测定了晶体学参数及热稳定性。     

硼酸铝钕[NdAl_3(BO_3)_4](NAB)的脉冲激光特性

本文报道了我所生长的大尺寸硼酸铝钕晶体的脉冲激光特性。当用氙闪光灯泵浦时,φ3.2mm×23.7mm的NAB激光棒,最大激光输出为每个脉冲422mJ。对于φ1.8mm×2.4mm的激光棒,激光阈值为67mJ。激光输出为线性偏振光,波长1.063μm。用BDN染料片调Q时,φ1.2mm×8.4mm的NAB棒激光单脉冲宽度为8ns,光束发散度为2mrad。     

High-Power Laser Performance of Yb:YAl3(BO3)4 Crystals Cut Along the Crystallographic Axes

High-power continuous-wave laser operation near 1 mum was demonstrated at room temperature with c-cut and a-cut Yb:YAl₃(BO₃)₄ crystals end-pumped by a fiber-coupled diode laser. Using a 2-mm-thick c-cut crystal, 10.6 W of output power was generated with an optical-to-optical efficiency of 65% and a slope efficiency of 72%. The complex polarization state of the generated laser radiation was also studied. With a 2-mm-thick a-cut crystal, sigma-polarized laser oscillation was obtained, producing a maximum output power of 8.1 W; the optical-to-optical and slope efficiencies were 56% and 61%, respectively. Complete absorption and emission cross section spectra of the Yb:YAl₃(BO₃) ₄ crystal were also derived, revealing very strong anisotropy of the spectroscopic properties     

低对称晶体CdCa4O（BO3）3电光系数的测量

用干涉法测量了低对称晶体GdCa4O(BO3)3的全部电光系数。为了分离测量交叉电光系数γ51,γ53,γ42和γ62,采用了新的样品趋向。测量结果为：γ11＝0．4pm/V,γ21＝0．5pm／V,γ31＝0．6pm／V,γ13＝0．1pm／V,γ23＝0．4pm/V,γ33＝2．0pm／V,γ51＝0．7pm／V,γ42＝0．5pm／V,γ62＝0．8pm／V。     

Improved second-harmonic generation by selective Yb ion doping in anew nonlinear optical crystal YCa4O(BO3)3

We describe experiments characterizing a new nonlinear optical crystal, YCa₄O(BO₃)₃ (YCOB). This crystal has a number of advantages over other commonly available nonlinear optical crystals. It has a higher nonlinear coefficient than KDP, can be fabricated to large sizes (~3-in diameter, 8-in length), and has a high damage threshold. Moreover, this new nonlinear optical crystal is nonhygroscopic, has good optical quality and mechanical properties, allowing easy optical polishing. This crystal, YCa₄ O(BO₃)₃, commonly termed YCOB, is one of a family of new nonlinear crystals, the oxyborates, that include RECa₄O(BO₃)₃ (RE=La³⁺, La ³⁺, Y³⁺, Sm³⁺, Gd³⁺, Er³⁺, and Nd³⁺). In this paper, we also successfully demonstrate a technique for improving the nonlinear optical properties of this crystal. This technique, ion substitution, has previously had limited success with other crystal hosts. However, the inclusion of yttrium in YCOB provides the opportunity to exploit this technique. Yb³⁺, which has larger mass, but approximately the same atomic size as Y³⁺ can be substituted into the crystal structure without introducing stress and nonuniformities. A systematic investigation of the linear and nonlinear characteristics of several crystals doped with various levels of Yb demonstrate that selective substitution of Yb in YCa₄O(BO₃)₃ improves the second-harmonic conversion efficiency by increasing the optical nonlinearity     

Na_5Sm(WO_4)_4发光晶体的生长及光谱特性

本文报道了用助熔剂缓冷法生长新型发光晶体Na_6Sm(WO_4)_4,计算了它的晶格常数,测定了它的红外光谱、吸收光谱、荧光光谱和激发光谱,并确定了晶体中Sm~(3+)离子的能级.研究表明,该晶体是有前途的激光晶体.     

二磷酸钾镨晶体的生长

用助熔剂缓冷法从KCl-KF熔体中生长出K_3Pr(PO_4)_2晶体。实验给出了助熔剂挥发量对晶体产率的影响。化学组成分析和X射线分析证明,所得的晶体是K_3Pr(PO_4)_2。测定了晶体的红外光谱、紫外可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱。     

钼酸盐Na5TbxEu1—x（MoO4）4的发射光谱研究

测定了室温下Ｎａ５ＴｂｘＥｕ１－ｘ（ＭｏＯ４）４的发射光谱。发现随ｘ的增加，Ｔｂ＾３＋离子５４６ｎｍ（＾５Ｄ４→＾７Ｆ５）的荧光发射亦随这增加。同时观察到，当ｘ＞０．７时，发光相对强度变化会出现突变。     

Raman Scattering and Nd3+ Laser Operation in NaLa(WO 4)2

The continuous-wave laser operation of Nd-doped tetragonal NaLa(WO ₄)₂ crystal is studied at room temperature by optical pumping in the spectral region overlapping AlGaAs diode laser emission. This crystal has inhomogeneously broadened optical bands. From the room-temperature spectroscopic parameters determined it is found that the optimum Nd concentration for the ⁴F_3/2rarr⁴I_J laser channels must be in the 3-5 at.% range. For J=11/2 and 13/2 channels (lambdaap1.06 and 1.3 mum) the most favourable polarization configuration is parallel to the crystallographic c axis, while for J=9/2 little polarization dependence of the laser efficiency is predicted. Laser operation was achieved with a 3.35 at.% Nd-doped sample grown by the Czochralski method. The laser operation was tested in an hemispherical optical cavity pumped by a Ti:sapphire laser. Stimulated emission at lambda=1056 nm was achieved for a wide spectral pumping range, lambda=790-820 nm. Stimulated Raman scattering was achieved in the picosecond regime with an efficiency similar to that of monoclinic KY(WO₄)₂ reference compound     

Diode-pumped ytterbium-doped Sr5(PO4)3F laser performance

The performance of the first diode-pumped Yb³⁺-doped Sr ₅(PO₄)₃F (Yb:S-FAP) solid-state laser is discussed. An InGaAs diode array has been fabricated that has suitable specifications for pumping a 3×3×30 mm Yb:S-FAP rod. The saturation fluence for diode pumping was deduced to be 5.5 J/cm ² for the particular 2.8 kW peak power diode array utilized in our studies. This is 2.5× higher than the intrinsic 2.2 J/cm ² saturation fluence as is attributed to the 6.5 nm bandwidth of our diode pump array. The small signal gain is consistent with the previously measured emission cross section of 6.0×10^-20 cm², obtained from a narrowband-laser pumped gain experiment. Up to 1.7 J/cm³ of stored energy density was achieved in a 6×6×44 mm Yb:S-FAP amplifier rod. In a free running configuration, diode-pumped slope efficiencies up to 43% (laser output energy/absorbed pump energy) were observed with output energies up to ~0.5 J per 1 ms pulse. When the rod was mounted in a copper block for cooling, 13 W of average power was produced with power supply limited operation at 70 Hz with 500 μs pulses     

Nonlinear optical properties ofK2La(NO3)5.2H2O and K2Ce(NO3)5.2H2O

The harmonic generating properties of potassium lanthanum nitrate (KLN) and potassium cerium nitrate (KCN) are described. These crystals have much larger nonlinear coefficients than potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) and are nearly noncritically phase matched at room temperature for Type I frequency doubling of 1.064-μm light, and for Type II doubling of light near 0.95 μm. Thus, these crystals are useful for generating blue-green light by frequency doubling high-power near-infrared lasers. The crystal growth of KLN and KCN are described by the three component phase diagrams. Crystallographic data for KCN that confirms its structural similarity to KLN are presented. The optical absorption spectra of the two materials are discussed, and the linear refractive indexes are given     

NaY（WO4）2：Tm,Yb晶体的上转换发光

用高频加热Czochralski法生长了Yb^3 ,Tm^3 共掺的NaY(WO4)2晶体,测量了晶体在室温下的290－2000nm内的吸收谱,并对跃迁的能级进行了指认。在972nm二级管激光器泵浦下观察到Tm^3 的793nm和457nm上转换发光,研究了NYW晶体中Yb^3 向Tm^3 进行的能量传递的机制。     

Towards metal electrode interface scavenging of rare-earth scandates: A Sc2O3 and Gd2O3 study

Amorphous Gd₂O₃ and Sc₂O₃ thin films were deposited on Si by high-pressure sputtering (HPS). In order to reduce the uncontrolled interfacial SiO_x growth, firstly a metallic film of Gd or Sc was sputtered in pure Ar plasma. Subsequently, they were in situ plasma oxidized in an Ar/O₂ atmosphere. For post-processing interfacial SiO_x thickness reduction, three different top metal electrodes were studied: platinum, aluminum and titanium. For both dielectrics, it was found that Pt did not react with the films, while Al reacted with them forming an aluminate-like interface and, finally, Ti was effective in scavenging the SiO₂ interface thickness without severely compromising gate dielectric leakage.     

(111)应变对立方相Ca2P0.25Si0.750.75能带结构及光学性质的影响

采用第一性原理贋势平面波方法对(111)应变下立方相Ca2P0.25Si0.75的能带结构及光学性质进行模拟计算,全面分析了应变对其能带结构、光学性质的影响。计算结果表明：在-8%~0%压应变范围内,随着应变的逐渐增大导带向低能方向移动,价带向高能方向移动,带隙逐渐减小,但始终为直接带隙;在0%~2%张应变范围内,随着应变的增加,带隙逐渐增大,应变为2%时直接带隙达到最大Eg=0.60441eV;当张应变为4%时,Ca2P0.25Si0.75变为间接带隙半导体。Ca2P0.25Si0.75的介电常数和折射率随着张应变的增加而增加;施加-2%~0%压应变时,介电常数和折射率逐渐减小,到达-2%时达到最小值,此后随着压应变的增加介电常数和折射率逐渐增大。施加压应变时吸收谱和反射谱随着应变的增大而减小,施加张应变时吸收谱和反射谱随着应变的增大而增大。应变可以改变立方相Ca2P0.25Si0.75的电子结构和光学常数,是调节其光电传输性能的有效手段。     

Electronic structure and magnetic properties of Ca3Co2O6 cobaltites: Intrachain magnetic ordering

The present study is focussed on the intrachain magnetic interactions between the trigonal prismatic (TP) and octahedral (OCT) Co sites in Ca₃Co₂O₆ cobaltites from their electronic structure determined using the first principle full potential linearized augmented plane wave method within the GGA+U approximation. The occurence of various magnetic solutions as a function of the Coulomb integral U of the GGA+U approach is investigated. Various magnetic configurations, corresponding to different total magnetization, are found only when the insulating state is reached for U > 2.5 eV and the most stable solution corresponds to a magnetic spin moment on the TP (respectively OCT) site around 2.6 (respectively 1) Bohr magneton.     

Emission cross sections and spectroscopy of Ho3+ laserchannels in KGd(WO4)2 single crystal

The spectroscopic properties of Ho³⁺ laser channels in KGd(WO₄)₂ crystals have been investigated using optical absorption, photoluminescence, and lifetime measurements. The radiative lifetimes of Ho³⁺ have been calculated through a Judd-Ofelt (JO) formalism using 300-K optical absorption results. The JO parameters obtained were Ω₂=15.35×10^-20 cm², Ω ₄=3.79×10^-20 cm², Ω₆ =1.69×10^-20 cm². The 7-300-K lifetimes obtained in diluted (8·10¹⁸ cm^-3) KGW:0.1% Ho samples are: τ(⁵F₃)≈0.9 μs, τ( ⁵S₂)=19-3.6 μs, and τ(⁵F₅ )≈1.1 μs. For Ho concentrations below 1.5×10²⁰ cm^-3, multiphonon emission is the main source of non radiative losses, and the temperature independent multiphonon probability in KGW is found to follow the energy gap law τ_ph ^-1(0)=βexp(-αΔE), where β=1.4×10^-7 s^-1, and α=1.4×10³ cm. Above this holmium concentration, energy transfer between Ho impurities also contributes to the losses. The spectral distributions of the Ho³⁺ emission cross section σ_EM for several laser channels are calculated in σ- and π-polarized configurations. The peak a σ_EM values achieved for transitions to the ⁵I₈ level are ≈2×10^-20 cm² in the σ-polarized configuration, and three main lasing peaks at 2.02, 2.05, and 2.07 μm are envisaged inside the ⁵I₇→⁵I₈ channel     

Ni(OH)2及Co(OH)2片状纳米晶体的合成与表征

使用强碱氢氧化钾为沉淀剂,通过水热法成功合成了具有六角形貌的过渡金属氢氧化物Ni(OH)2及Co(OH)2片状纳米晶.利用X射线粉末衍射仪和透射电子显微镜对样品的结构和形貌进行了表征.透射电镜观察结果显示Ni(OH)2相为规则六角纳米片,Co(OH)2相为纳米片和纳米棒的混合物.选区衍射结果指出Ni(OH)2及Co(OH)2纳米晶体均为单晶体.Ni(OH)2及Co(OH)2纳米片的产率分别达到了70%和90%.将实验结果同前人的过渡族金属氢氧化物纳米片报道进行了比较,提出了一个新的片状纳米晶的形成机制,指出在正常的沉淀条件下,Ni(OH)2及Co(OH)2纳米晶的稳定形貌总为六角片状.     

POCl_3-Z Cl_4-Nd(CF_3COO)_3和POCl_3-SnCl_4-Nd~(3 )激光液体的光谱参数

用光谱法求得POCl_3-ZrCl_4-Nd(CF_3COO)_3和POCl-SnCl_4-Nd~(3 )两种激光液体的Judd-Ofelt强度参数愿Ω_2、Ω_4、Ω_6分别为1.71、4.09、6.37和1.90、5.14、6.86(×10~(-20)厘米~2),从而计算了Nd~(3 )离子的~4F_(3/2)→~4I_J的辐射跃迁几率、荧光分支比、辐射寿命、辐射量子效率和~4F_3/2→~4I_(11/2)的诱导发射截面σ_p(分别为5.15×10~(-20)和5.69×10~(-20)厘米~2)。计算值与实验值符合较好。     

碱土、稀土元素掺杂对Y(VP)O4:Eu3+荧光粉发光性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备了高亮度红色荧光粉YAx(VP)O4:Eu3+、Y0.94-Lny(VP)O4:Eu0.06(3+)(A=Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba;Ln=La,Ga),通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、荧光光谱分析仪等测试方法对样品进行了研究.结果表明:选择合适的实验条件,可以制得颗粒分布均匀、表面光滑的Y(VP)O4:Eu3+荧光粉,其发射峰位于620 nm,是现有PDP商品(Y,Gd)BO3:Eu3+荧光粉的良好替代品.