结合BERT和BiSRU-AT的中文文本情感分类

针对传统语言模型的词向量表示无法解决多义词表征的问题,以及现有情感分析模型不能充分捕获长距离语义信息的问题,提出了一种结合BERT和BiSRU-AT的文本情感分类模型BERT- BiSRU-AT。首先用预训练模型BERT获取融合文本语境的词向量表征;然后利用双向简单循环单元（BiSRU）二次提取语义特征和上下文信息;再利用注意力机制对BiSRU层的输出分配权重以突出重点信息;最后使用Softmax激励函数得出句子级别的情感概率分布。实验采用中文版本的推特数据集和酒店评论数据集。实验结果表明,结合BERT和BiSRU-AT的文本情感分析模型能够获得更高的准确率,双向简单循环模型和注意力机制的引入能有效提高模型的整体性能,有较大的实用价值。     

基于ERNIE和融合双通道特征的文本情感分类模型

针对传统词向量模型无法获取完整的语义表达,以及基础神经网络模型未能兼顾提取多种关联特征等问题,提出了一种融合预训练语言模型(ERNIE)和深层金字塔神经网络结构(DPCNN)/双向门控循环单元-注意力机制(BiGRU-Attention)的双通道文本情感分类模型。基于DPCNN的左通道负责提取文本长距离依赖表示,基于BiGRUAttention的右通道负责提取文本时间序列特征和关键信息。此外,均使用ERNIE模型提供动态字向量。最后,拼接融合双通道中的信息特征以获取最终的文本表示。实验结果表明,ERNIE-DBGA模型的准确率最高达到97.05%,优于其他对比方法,验证该模型可以有效提升情感分类的性能。     

基于图注意力网络的方面级别文本情感分析

方面级别文本情感分析旨在分析文本中不同方面所对应的情感趋向。传统基于神经网络的深度学习模型在文本情感分析的过程中,大多直接使用注意力机制而忽略了句法关系的重要性,即不能充分利用方面节点的上下文语义信息,导致情感趋向预测效果不佳。针对该问题,设计一种融合句法信息的图注意力神经网络模型,并将其应用于文本情感分析任务。利用预训练模型BERT进行词嵌入得到初始词向量,将初始词向量输入双向门控循环神经网络以增强特征向量与上下文信息之间的融合,防止重要上下文语义信息丢失。通过融合句法信息的图注意力网络加强不同方面节点之间的交互,从而提升模型的特征学习能力。在SemEval-2014数据集上的实验结果表明,该模型能够充分利用句法信息进行情感分析,其准确率较LSTM及其变种模型至少提升3%,对Restaurant评论进行情感分类预测时准确率高达83.3%。     

基于对抗双向GRU网络的跨语言情感分类方法

为了提高资源匮乏语言的情感分类性能,提出一种基于对抗双向GRU网络相结合的跨语言情感分类模型(ABi-GRU)。通过基于语义双语词嵌入方法来提取中英文文本词向量特征;结合注意力机制的双向GRU网络提取文本的上下文情感特征,同时引入生成对抗网络缩小中英文向量特征分布之间的差距;通过情感分类器进行情感分类。实验结果分析表明,该方法有效地提升了跨语言情感分类的准确率。     

基于字符级双通道复合网络的中文文本情感分析

针对传统卷积神经网络（CNN）缺乏句子体系特征的表示,以及传统双向门限循环神经网络（BiGRU）缺乏提取深层次特征能力。以中文文本为研究对象,在字符级词向量的基础上提出双通道的CNN-BiGRU复合网络,同时引入注意力机制的模型进行情感分析。首先,在单通道上利用CNN提取深层次短语特征,利用BiGRU提取全局特征的能力深度学习短语体系特征,从而得到句子体系的特征表示;再通过增加注意力层进行有效特征筛选;最后,采用双通道结构的复合网络,丰富了特征信息,加强了模型的特征学习能力。在数据集上进行多组对比实验,该方法取得92.73%的◢F◣1值结果优于对照组,说明了提出的模型能有效地提高文本分类的准确率。同时在单句测试上量化出模型优势,且实现了模型的实际应用能力。     

基于改进词性信息和ACBiLSTM的短文本分类

中文短文本分类最重要的是提取和表示短文本特征,传统的表示方法静态训练词向量,存在特征稀疏、语义不足等问题,对此提出一种基于改进词性信息和ACBiLSTM的中文短文本分类模型.用BERT模型动态训练词向量,引入词性因子优化,将得到的具有词性信息的词向量作为输入层信息;经过卷积神经网络初步提取局部特征,通过双向长短时记忆网络进一步得到具有上下文时序信息的中间向量表示;结合注意力机制,突显关键信息,获得最终文本特征表示.在FudanNews、SougouNews及THUCNews数据集上将该模型与其他模型进行对比,实验结果表明,其准确率和F1值显著提高.     

基于ALBERT-AFSFN的中文短文本情感分析

针对传统的卷积神经网络未能充分利用不同通道间的文本特征语义信息和关联信息,以及传统的词向量表示方法采用静态方式对文本信息进行提取,忽略了文本的位置信息,从而导致文本情感分类不准确的问题,提出了一种结合ALBERT（a lite BERT）和注意力特征分割融合网络（attention feature split fusion network,AFSFN）的中文短文本情感分类模型ALBERT-AFSFN。该模型利用ALBERT对文本进行词向量表示,提升词向量的表征能力;通过注意力特征分割融合网络将特征分割为两组,对两组不同通道的特征进行提取和融合,最大程度保留不同通道之间的语义关联信息;借助Softmax函数对中文短文本情感进行分类,得到文本的情感倾向。在三个公开数据集Chnsenticorp、waimai-10k和weibo-100k上的准确率分别达到了93.33%、88.98%和97.81%,F1值也分别达到了93.23%、88.47%和97.78%,结果表明提出的方法在中文短文本情感分析中能够达到更好的分类效果。     

融合多头自注意力机制的中文短文本分类模型

针对中文短文本缺乏上下文信息导致的语义模糊从而存在的特征稀疏问题,提出了一种融合卷积神经网络和多头自注意力机制（CNN-MHA）的文本分类模型。首先,借助现有的基于Transformer的双向编码器表示（BERT）预训练语言模型以字符级向量形式来格式化表示句子层面的短文本;然后,为降低噪声,采用多头自注意力机制（MHA）学习文本序列内部的词依赖关系并生成带有全局语义信息的隐藏层向量,再将隐藏层向量输入到卷积神经网络（CNN）中,从而生成文本分类特征向量;最后,为提升分类的优化效果,将卷积层的输出与BERT模型提取的句特征进行特征融合后输入到分类器里进行再分类。将CNN-MHA模型分别与TextCNN、BERT、TextRCNN模型进行对比,实验结果表明,改进模型在搜狐新闻数据集上的F1值表现和对比模型相比分别提高了3.99%、0.76%和2.89%,验证了改进模型的有效性。     

注意力增强的双向LSTM情感分析

在基于深度学习的情感分析工作中,传统的注意力机制主要以串行的方式作为其他模型的下一层,用于学习其他神经网络模型输出的权重分布。该文在探究使用深度学习进行句子级情感分析任务的基础上,提出一种注意力增强的双向LSTM模型。模型使用注意力机制直接从词向量的基础上学习每个词对句子情感倾向的权重分布,从而学习到能增强分类效果的词语,使用双向LSTM学习文本的语义信息。最终,通过并行融合的方式提升分类效果。通过在NLPCC 2014情感分析语料上进行测试,该模型的结果优于其他句子级情感分类模型。     

双通道混合神经网络的文本情感分析模型

大多数文本情感分析方法不能有效地反映文本序列中不同单词的重要程度,并且不能获得足够的文本信息。提出了一种双通道混合神经网络的文本情感分析模型,混合神经网络层在胶囊网络(Capsule Network)模型和双向门限循环单元(BiGRU)模型之后分别引入注意力机制,使其自适应地感知上下文信息并提取影响文本情感分析的文本特征,将两种模型提取的特征进行融合。将两种不同的词向量经过混合神经网络层得到的结果进一步融合,由Softmax分类器进行分类。在三个标准数据集上的实验结果证明了该模型的有效性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。