Synthesis of novel stilbene-alkoxysilane fluorescent brighteners, and their performance on cotton fiber as fluorescent brightening and ultraviolet absorbing agents

Two novel fluorescent brightening agents (compounds 3a-b shown in Figure 1) were synthesized, using a facile three-step synthetic route, from 4,4′-diamino-2,2′-disulfonic-stilbene, cyanuric chloride, and a readily cross-linkable 3-aminopropyltrimethoxy silane. The products contain hydrolytically active trimethoxysilyl, (-Si(OCH)₃), functional groups that readily hydrolyze in the presence of water, and subsequently generate a water insoluble silicon cross-linked-network (Si-O-Si) via a condensation process. The cross-linked product hydrolyzes on treatment with hot aqueous sodium hydroxide to silanols (-Si(OH)₃) to form compounds 4a-b which are readily water soluble and produce a clear fluorescent solution. The silanol forms of compounds 4a-b were used for further characterization and performance evaluation. The structures of compounds 4a-b were characterized by ¹H-NMR, Fourier-Transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and negative electrospray ionization mass (⁻ESI-MS) spectroscopy. Compounds were applied to cotton fiber as fluorescent brightening agents and their performance was evaluated by measuring the degree of whiteness, ultraviolet protection factor (UPF), fluorescence and acid fastness. Results showed that application of 0.25% (o.w.f) of compounds 4a-b impart a high degree of whiteness (CIE WI = 144, 139) as well as good ultraviolet protection factor (UPF = 29, 27) on cotton fiber exhibiting a significant increase in whiteness and UV blocking properties compared to untreated substrate (CIE WI = 81, UPF = 5). Acid fastness tests of both compounds showed a slight change in fluorescence emission intensities as a function of pH. In acidic solutions, a shift in emission maximum occurs at pH 3 from 434 to 453 nm and from 435 to 457 nm, due to the protonation of amino and sulfonic groups of stilbene fluorophore which substantially reduces the quenching process.     

铕离子(Ⅲ)荧光探针法测定阿莫西林的含量

建立铕离子(Ⅲ)荧光探针法测定阿莫西林含量的实验方法。在激发波长为269nm和发射波长为615nm处,pH值为8.5、静置时间为5min、铕离子浓度为1.864×10~(-4)mol/L条件下,考查阿莫西林浓度对荧光强度的影响。结果表明,在1.651×10~(-5)mol/L～6.606×10~(-5)mol/L范围内,阿莫西林的浓度c与荧光强度F存在线性关系,标准曲线的线性回归方程为F=-4.450c+1268.747,线性相关系数为0.9918,平均回收率为98.93%。     

Effect of film thickness, blending and undercoating on optical detection of nitroaromatics using fluorescent polymer films

In this work, using a fluorescent poly(phenylene ethynylene) containing the rigid pentiptycene and large cholesteryl ester pendent groups, the fluorescence quenching properties of the polymer thin films in response to vapor of 2,4-dinitrotulene (DNT) have been investigated by varying the film thickness, applying an undercoating and blending with another polar polymer. A significant change in fluorescence intensity (51% in 60 s) in response to DNT vapor exposure at ambient temperature was achieved when the polymer film coated on glass plate was about 2 nm in thickness. In comparison with the film of polymer alone, the film undercoated with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane and the film of polymer blend containing a non-fluorescent polymer showed additional 18.5% (in 20-s exposure) and 18.7% (in 5-min exposure) decrease in fluorescence intensity, respectively. The use of polymer or polymer blend coated on optic-fiber tip for detection of DNT vapor has also been demonstrated.     

光谱法研究壳聚糖铜与人血清白蛋白的相互作用

通过热回流制备了壳聚糖-铜(CTS-Cu)配合物,采用荧光、红外、紫外光谱对配合物CTS-Cu与HSA的相互作用进行了表征,结果表明:在280nm处出现紫外吸收峰,在340nm处使HSA的内源荧光发生猝灭,猝灭速率常数kq=3.014×1014L/mol·s,猝灭类型为静态猝灭,说明CTS-Cu与HSA发生了较强烈的相互作用,形成了基态复合物,其结合常数Ka=4.27×106L/mol。通过加入位点标记物布洛芬(Ibuprofen)和华法林(Warfarin)用荧光法研究了CTS-Cu与HSA的结合位点,表明Warfarin与CTSCu竞争HSA的同一个位点,即SiteⅠ位。采用微量热法研究了CTS-Cu与核桃内生菌的相互作用,随着CTS-Cu浓度的增加,最大产热效率出现的时间逐渐延长,表明CTS-Cu对核桃内生菌的生长有一定的抑制作用。     

荧光法研究Gemini表面活性剂与BSA的相互作用

应用荧光法研究了Gemini表面活性剂(G14-3-14)与牛血清白蛋(BSA)在不同温度条件下的荧光猝灭现象,利用荧光猝灭双倒数图计算了G14-3-14与BSA之间的结合常数,并根据热力学参数确定了二者之间的作用力类型.用内源荧光法求得它们在30℃和35℃温度下的结合常数分别为K1=1.01×105 L·mol-1和...     

Cytosine detection by a fluorescein-labeled probe containing base-discriminating fluorescent nucleobase

We report on a new method for the detection of a base at a specific site in a DNA sequence by monitoring the fluorescence emission of fluorescein. To achieve this goal, we developed a new base-discriminating fluorescent (BDF) nucleobase, naphthodeazaadenine ((ND)A). The fluorescence spectrum of the duplex possessing a cytosine base as a complementary base of (ND)A showed a fluorescence peak at 383 nm when using an excitation wavelength of 350 nm. When the complementary base of (ND)A was one of the other bases, the fluorescence intensity was very low. The fluorescence emission spectrum of (ND)A overlapped with the fluorescence excitation spectrum of fluorescein in the wavelength range of 400-500 nm. Thus, we designed FRET-BDF probes containing (ND)A as the FRET donor and fluorescein as the acceptor. The interaction of these two fluorophores, which are separated by defined base pairs, allowed an efficient energy transfer that resulted in a dominant fluorescence emission of fluorescein at 520 nm when using an excitation wavelength of 350 nm. Fluorescence emission from FRET-BDF probes was observed only when the complementary base of (ND)A is C, thus achieving a clear distinction of a C base on the complementary DNA strand. However, the general utility of our method is limited due to the quenching of the (ND)A fluorescence by a G/C base pair flanking (ND)A.     

木质素磺酸钠荧光膜的制备及其在硝基爆炸物检测中的应用

以木质素磺酸钠(LS)为原料,聚乙烯醇为黏合剂,制备了木质素磺酸钠荧光膜。通过荧光光谱仪和激光粒度分析仪对LS的形态和光学性质进行了分析,研究了硝基化合物和无硝基化合物对LS的荧光猝灭作用及猝灭机理,并将木质素磺酸钠荧光膜应用于硝基爆炸物的检测。研究结果表明：LS随着制备溶剂中乙醇体积分数的增加,其荧光发射峰强度增加,分子之间发生缓慢聚集,且聚集体颗粒变大,具有聚集诱导发射(AIE)性质;硝基苯和对硝基苯酚均对LS的荧光猝灭程度高达90%,间二硝基苯对LS的荧光猝灭程度也有56%;苯、甲苯、苯酚、对苯二甲酸、对苯二甲醛和邻苯二甲醛等无硝基化合物对LS的荧光猝灭作用几乎没有。LS对硝基苯、间二硝基苯和对硝基苯酚等硝基化合物显示出专一、特异的高灵敏检测性能,该现象主要由光诱导电子转移机制造成的。浸泡过硝基苯/乙醇溶液、间二硝基苯/乙醇溶液和对硝基苯酚/乙醇溶液的木质素磺酸钠荧光膜的荧光猝灭程度分别为89%、 78%和100%。将硝基化合物溶液在荧光膜上涂写,在日光下观察不到笔迹存在,而在紫外光下能观察到笔迹部分有明显的荧光猝灭现象。     

Er3+掺杂TeO2-WO3-ZnO玻璃的发光性质

制备了不同组成和掺Er3 量的TeO2 WO3ZnO(TWZ)玻璃样品 ,测量了样品的吸收光谱和 970nmLD激发下的荧光光谱、荧光寿命。对制得的Er2 O3掺杂摩尔分数为 0 .6%的玻璃样品 ,由吸收光谱测得的 1.5 μm峰值吸收截面及计算的受激发射截面分别为 0 .74～0 .77pm2 和 0 .86～ 0 .90pm2 ,且玻璃的组成对其影响很小 ;Er3 在摩尔组成为 75TeO2 2 0WO35ZnO的TWZ玻璃中具有较大的荧光发射半高宽 (fullwidthathalfmaximum ,FWHM) ,且随掺Er3 量的增加 ,Er3 1.5 μm发射荧光强度和FWHM总体呈增加趋势 ,实验得到掺Er3 量为 3 .3 4× 10 2 0 /cm3时的FWHM为 80nm。研究同时发现Er3 在TWZ玻璃中具有很好的溶解性且其浓度猝灭效应较小     

牛血清白蛋白荧光猝灭测定药物中的头孢孟多酯

应用牛血清白蛋白（BSA）荧光猝灭法建立了一种测定药物中头孢孟多酯（CEF）含量的新方法。牛血清白蛋白具有很强的内源荧光性,而头孢孟多酯溶液本身不产生荧光。当头孢孟多酯与BSA结合后,会导致其荧光强度下降。牛血清蛋白在λex=340 nm处的荧光猝灭程度与头孢孟多酯的量在一定浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,据此建立测定药品中头孢孟多酯含量的新方法。该结合物的最大发射波长为λmax=340 nm,与头孢孟多酯物质的量浓度在2.18×10^-6~2.62×10^-5 mol·L-1范围内线性关系良好。其线性回归方程为ΔF=2.42×10^7CCEF-35.155,相关系数r=0.996 9,检出限为8.582 58×10-7 mol·L-1,RSD为0.16%,加标回收率为94.67%~98.43%。本方法操作简便、快速,用于实际样本的测定,结果满意。     

光谱法研究Zn（Ⅱ）存在下环丙沙星与DNA的相互作用

在模拟生理条件下,用紫外光谱法和荧光光谱法研究了Zn（Ⅱ）存在下环丙沙星（CPFX）与鲱鱼精DNA的相互作用,初步探讨了环丙沙星、Zn（Ⅱ）在生物体内与DNA相互作用的机理。结果表明,Zn（Ⅱ）和鲱鱼精DNA均可使环丙沙星的荧光强度发生猝灭,其中DNA对CPFX的荧光猝灭作用是形成基态复合物的静态猝灭;在Zn（Ⅱ）存在下,DNA对环丙沙星的荧光猝灭作用显著增强,Zn（Ⅱ）在一定浓度范围内对CPFX与DNA的结合具有促进作用;根据荧光猝灭双倒数图计算了二元、三元体系的结合常数和结合位点数;DNA与CPFX-Zn2＋配合物之间的结合应为沟槽式结合。     

Fluorescence energy transfer in quantum dot/azo dye complexes in polymer track membranes

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer in complexes of semiconductor CdSe/ZnS quantum dots with molecules of heterocyclic azo dyes, 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol and 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol, formed at high quantum dot concentration in the polymer pore track membranes were studied by steady-state and transient PL spectroscopy. The effect of interaction between the complexes and free quantum dots on the efficiency of the fluorescence energy transfer and quantum dot luminescence quenching was found and discussed.     

有机氯农药与牛血清白蛋白作用机理研究

利用荧光光谱法研究了5种有机氯农药（OCPs） δ-BHC、α-氯丹、艾氏剂、o,p＇-DDT、HCB和牛血清白蛋白（BSA）的相互作用机理.280 nm波长下,OCPs可使BSA色氨酸残基发生荧光猝灭现象.通过光谱数据,绘制了Stern-Volmer曲线,测定了平衡常数和25,37℃下OCPs-BSA的结合常数.结果显示,5种OCPs猝灭蛋白质的过程均为熵驱动的静态猝灭过程,通过较弱的疏水作用力与蛋白质相互结合,结合点位数近似为1,这种结合作用会随着温度的升高而增强.     

Binding of Sulpiride to Seric Albumins

The aim of this work was to study the interaction of sulpiride with human serum albumin (HSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) through the fluorescence quenching technique. As sulpiride molecules emit fluorescence, we have developed a simple mathematical model to discriminate the quencher fluorescence from the albumin fluorescence in the solution where they interact. Sulpiride is an antipsychotic used in the treatment of several psychiatric disorders. We selectively excited the fluorescence of tryptophan residues with 290 nm wavelength and observed the quenching by titrating HSA and BSA solutions with sulpiride. Stern-Volmer graphs were plotted and quenching constants were estimated. Results showed that sulpiride form complexes with both albumins. Estimated association constants for the interaction sulpiride–HSA were 2.20 (±0.08) × 10⁴ M⁻¹, at 37 °C, and 5.46 (±0.20) × 10⁴ M⁻¹, at 25 °C. Those for the interaction sulpiride-BSA are 0.44 (±0.01) × 10⁴ M⁻¹, at 37 °C and 2.17 (±0.04) × 10⁴ M⁻¹, at 25 °C. The quenching intensity of BSA, which contains two tryptophan residues in the peptide chain, was found to be higher than that of HSA, what suggests that the primary binding site for sulpiride in albumin should be located next to the sub domain IB of the protein structure.     

铁猝灭荧光分析法测定环丙沙星的研究与应用

在pH=4.5的HAc-NaAc缓冲介质中,Fe3+能与十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和环丙沙星作用,使其荧光值显著减小,据此建立了Fe3+-SDS-环丙沙星体系荧光猝灭法测定微量环丙沙星的新方法。该体系的最大激发、发射波长分别为λex=275 nm,λem=441 nm。环丙沙星在4.0×10-7~3.6×10-6mol/L的浓度范围内与荧光值呈良好的线性关系,R=0.995 8,相对标准偏差为0.76%(c=3.0×10-6mol/L)。     

二氢杨梅素锌与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

运用荧光光谱法研究了二氢杨梅素锌(DMY-Zn)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用。结果表明,激发波长为288 nm时,BSA的发射峰位于341 nm,DMY-Zn对BSA有较强的荧光猝灭作用。由Stern-Vol mer方程计算出DMY-Zn与BSA体系荧光动态猝灭常数(KSV)可知,DMY-Zn对BSA内源荧光的猝灭机制属于静态猝灭,由Lineweav-er-Burk方程计算出静态猝灭常数为3.180×104L.mol-1;且在BSA分子上荧光敏感部位有1个结合位点,结合常数为9.60×105L.mol-1。     

光谱法研究迷迭香酸和牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

利用荧光和圆二色光谱研究了迷迭香酸(RA)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)之间的相互作用.通过荧光猝灭测得在301、308和315 K时,RA与BSA的结合常数K分别为4.18×10~4、3.62×10~4和2.52×10~4 L/mol,表明RA与BSA间具有较强的结合作用,属于静态猝灭.热力学参数计算结果表明RA与BSA相互作用力以范德华力及氢键作用力为主.圆二色光谱、红外及拉曼光谱、荧光同步光谱研究表明相互作用后BSA的二级结构发生微小变化.此外,常见金属离子对结合有较为显著的影响.     

Photostability of phenothiazinyl-substituted ethylenes

Photostability of phenothiazinyl-substituted ethylenes in both solution and in solid state (thin films) was investigated as a function of UV exposure time. Fluorescence intensity and spectral variation measurements in the presence and absence of ambient air were used to determine the effect of oxygen on the degradation of the compounds. The observed reduction in the fluorescence efficiency of air-saturated solutions and thin films subjected to UV was attributed to permanent photo-oxidative degradation. Photostability was higher in the cases of molecules that contained two bulky phenothiazinyl groups as compared to those containing only one phenothiazinyl group and a smaller phenyl substituent. Fully reversible fluorescence intensity decay in the degassed phenothiazine solutions was attributed to photo-isomerization, whereas the partially reversible changes in fluorescence intensity that were observed for films in the absence of air were ascribed to both photoexcited carrier capture by deep-traps acting as exciton quenching centres and degradation imparted by UV-induced bond scission.     

L-半胱氨酸与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的荧光光谱分析

运用荧光猝灭光谱、同步荧光光谱探讨了L-半胱氨酸（L-Cys）与牛血清白蛋白（BSA）的相互作用,并计算了猝灭常数、结合常数、结合位点数以及3个热力学参数△H、△G和△S。结果表明,L-Cys使BSA的内源荧光发生猝灭,BSA的发射峰从350nm蓝移到347．5nm,荧光猝灭机制为动态猝灭;L-Cys与BSA之间的作用力主要为疏水作用力;L-Cys对BSA结构的微环境有一定的影响。     

Fluorescence Study of Riboflavin Interactions with Graphene Dispersed in Bioactive Tannic Acid

The potential of tannic acid (TA) as a dispersing agent for graphene (G) in aqueous solutions and its interaction with riboflavin have been studied under different experimental conditions. TA induces quenching of riboflavin fluorescence, and the effect is stronger with increasing TA concentration, due to π-π interactions through the aromatic rings, and hydrogen bonding interactions between the hydroxyl moieties of both compounds. The influence of TA concentration, the pH, and the G/TA weight ratio on the quenching magnitude, have been studied. At a pH of 4.1, G dispersed in TA hardly influences the riboflavin fluorescence, while at a pH of 7.1, the nanomaterial interacts with riboflavin, causing an additional quenching to that produced by TA. When TA concentration is kept constant, quenching of G on riboflavin fluorescence depends on both the G/TA weight ratio and the TA concentration. The fluorescence attenuation is stronger for dispersions with the lowest G/TA ratios, since TA is the main contributor to the quenching effect. Data obey the Stern–Volmer relationship up to TA 2.0 g L⁻¹ and G 20 mg L⁻¹. Results demonstrate that TA is an effective dispersant for graphene-based nanomaterials in liquid medium and a green alternative to conventional surfactants and synthetic polymers for the determination of biomolecules.     

4-Amino-1,8-naphthalimide based fluorescent photoinduced electron transfer (PET) pH sensors as liposomal cellular imaging agents: The effect of substituent patterns on PET directional quenching

Four new fluorescent sensors (1-4) based on the 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide fluorophores (Naps) have been synthesized based on the classical fluorophore-spacer-receptor model. These four compounds all gave rise to emission bands centred at ca. 535 nm, which were found to be highly pH dependent, the emission being ‘switched on’ in acidic media, while being quenched due to PET from the amino moieties to the excited state of the Nap at more alkaline pH. The luminescent pH dependence for these probes was found to be highly dependent on the substitution on the imide site, as well as the polyamine chain attached to the position 4-amino moiety. In the case of sensor 2 the presence of the 4-amino-aniline dominated the pH dependent quenching. Nevertheless, at higher pH, PET quenching was also found to occur from the polyamine site. Hence, 2 is better described as a receptor₁-spacer₁-fluorophore-spacer₂-receptor₂ system, where the dominant PET process is due to (normally less favourable) ‘directional’ PET quenching from the 4-amino-aniline unit to the Nap site. Similar trends and pH fluorescence dependences were also seen for 3 and 4. These compounds were also tested for their imaging potential and toxicity against HeLa cells (using DRAQ5 as nuclear stain which does now show pH dependent changes in acidic and neutral pH) and the results demonstrated that these compounds have reduced cellular viability at moderately high concentrations (with IC₅₀ values between ca. 8–30 µmol∙L⁻¹), but were found to be suitable for intracellular pH determination at 1 µmol∙L⁻¹concentrations, where no real toxicity was observed. This allowed us to employ these as lysosomal probes at sub-toxic concentrations, where the Nap based emission was found to be pH depended, mirroring that seen in aqueous solution for 1-4, with the main fluorescence changes occurring within acidic to neutral pH.