(R)-2,2'-二甲基丙烯酰胺-1,1'-联萘的合成

以2-萘酚和80%水合肼为起始原料,经3步反应合成了光学活性的2,2'-二胺-1,1'-联萘。在缚酸剂存在下,将所得光学活性的二胺与甲基丙烯酰氯反应制备得到目标产物(R)-2,2'-二甲基丙烯酰胺-1,1'-联萘。各步产物的结构经核磁分析得到确认。研究了水合肼与2-萘酚的投料比对中间体2-萘肼收率的影响,以及缚酸剂类别、反应温度对目标产物收率的影响,得到了一种适宜的合成工艺路线。     

三氟甲磺酸盐催化多组分人名反应

多组分化学反应具有操作简单、高效率和高原子经济性等优点,是一类重要的收敛性合成方法。三氟甲磺酸盐作为新型Lewis酸催化剂有极高的耐热性和耐氧化还原性,水相有机相均可催化,因温和、环境友好、可循环使用等特点而受到广泛关注。利用三氟甲磺酸盐催化多组分化学反应已经成为绿色化学的重要手段之一。简要总结了三氟甲磺酸盐催化剂在Strecker反应、Ha-ntzsch反应、Biginelli反应、Mannich反应、Passerini反应和Ugi反应等人名反应中的应用情况,并对其面临的挑战和机遇进行了讨论和展望。     

8YSZ在NaF-KF熔盐中的热腐蚀行为研究

本文研究了8mol％-氧化钇稳定氧化锆(YSZ)在NaF-KF复合熔盐中的热腐蚀行为,通过腐蚀前后表面形貌和截面形貌以及成分的对比,分析总结了温度和时间对YSZ的耐腐蚀性能的影响,并结合腐蚀前后XRD的结果,初步探讨了YSZ的热腐蚀机理.结果表明,样品表层在熔盐作用下,主要发生晶界腐蚀;稳定元素的溶出使得样品表层发生相变,加剧了腐蚀行为.截面形貌及成分结果表明样品腐蚀仅有几十微米,且失重小,揭示8YSZ具有良好的耐腐蚀性.     

熔融盐电镀金属钛的探讨

金属钛具有优良的性能。然而,由于其价格昂贵,限制了其应用。因此,在各种廉价金属表面电镀钛正日益受到人们的重视。采用熔融盐体系电镀金属钛。介绍了熔融盐体系电工艺及参数的选择,概述了电镀钛的操作过程,提出了熔融盐中电镀钛需进一步研究的问题。     

熔融盐研究进展

本文简要的描述了至今已确立的几个熔盐体系，。在研究这些熔盐性质时发现了许多特点，正在把这些具有离子特性的利用扩大到新的领域。     

焙烧氰化尾渣熔盐处理金、银回收的研究

以河南某企业焙砂氰化尾渣为原料,采用NaOH-NaNO3混合熔盐焙烧预处理氰化尾渣后水浸,再进行常规氰化浸出.探究了熔盐添加量、焙烧时间、焙烧温度对氰化渣中SiO2浸出率的影响.试验结果表明上述三个因素对SiO2浸出率影响显著,在最佳焙烧条件:熔盐添加量为尾渣量的50％,焙烧时间2h,焙烧温度500℃下,处理后的渣中金、银品位分别由1.68 g/t、42.7 g/t上升至2.56 g/t、64.8 g/t.金、银氰化浸出率分别为57.6％、68.3％,较直接氰化分别提高了45.1％和60.9％,效果显著.     

2,2′-联咪唑衍生物铜配合物的合成、表征及光谱性质

本文合成了1,1′-二（丙酸甲酯）-2,2′-联咪唑和1,1′-二（丙酸乙酯）-2,2′-联咪唑两个配体,并以无水乙醇为溶剂,在常温条件下合成了配体与铜的配合物。通过IR、UV、EA表征,推测其形成了1：1的配合物。铜配位后使两种配体发生荧光猝灭。     

二芳基碘(钅翁)盐参与的芳基化反应研究进展

综述了近年来二芳基碘钅翁盐在有机合成中促进芳基化反应的最新进展,着重介绍了羰基化合物的芳基化反应、C-H芳基化反应、C-杂芳基化反应以及串联环化反应。     

联萘胺合成方法的改进

以β-萘酚和水合肼为原料经水热反应合成联萘胺,对粗产品的提纯方法进行了改进,提出了一种以二甲基亚砜/水/乙醇为溶剂(体积比15∶60∶40)的新的纯化方法,简化了联萘胺的提纯步骤,产率可达55%。     

The Absorption Spectrum of UOCl2 in Molten Chloride Salts

Abstract

The absorption spectrum of UOCl₂ in molten KCl-MgCl₂ salts has been measured and compared with that of the related UCl₄ spectrum at temperatures up to 932°C and melt compositions of 60–40, 34–66, and 0–100 mol %, respectively, KCl-MgCl₂. The species UOCl₂ is an important intermediate in the conversion of UO₂ to UCl₄ and its spectrum provides a means of monitoring the reaction, and other similar reactions, in situ. The solubility of UOCl₂ has been determined from absorption spectra and has been found to be 10 to 25 times higher than reported earlier with mole fractions as high as 0.0019 in pure MgCl₂ at 932°C.     

Behavior of Ni20Cr Alloy in Molten Nitrate Salts

This study reports the behavior of the Ni20Cr alloy in molten nitrate salts. Its behavior was evaluated in the eutectic mixture called Solar Salt (binary salt) and in a ternary mixture (90% Solar Salt and 10% lanthanum nitrate). The addition of lanthanum nitrate was performed to determine if the presence of the La³⁺ cation could act as a corrosion inhibitor. Through mass loss and potentiodynamic polarization studies, the effects of both electrolytes on the corrosion resistance of the alloy at 300, 400, and 500 °C and at exposure times of 250, 500, 750, and 1000 h were determined. The results showed an increase in the corrosivity of the ternary salt, due to a decrease in its melting point and an increase in the concentration of nitrate ions. However, it was observed that the La³⁺ cations formed a protective layer (La₂O₃) on the alloy surface. In both corrosive media, the Ni20Cr alloy showed excellent corrosion resistance, due to its ability to form protective layers of Cr₂O₃, NiO, and NiCr₂O₄, in addition to the presence of a layer of La₂O₃ in the case of the ternary salt.     

低硅钢熔融盐电化学方法渗硅

采用对称-单纯形法对电沉积渗硅熔融盐配方进行了优化设计。设计结果表明,通过计算得到的渗层厚度与熔融盐成分之间的回归方程具有明显的显著性,选择出最佳配方为n(NaCl)∶n(KCl)∶n(NaF)∶n(SiO2)=1∶1∶3∶0.3,用此配方在低硅钢基体上获得了34.51μm渗硅层,实验值与预测值基本吻合。辉光放电光谱仪测定出渗硅层中Si元素呈梯度分布,渗硅层与基体结合良好,光学金相照片显示渗硅层厚度均匀。     

熔融盐电镀铝的研究进展

综述了无机熔融盐电镀铝的各种熔盐组成及相关参数。探讨了无机熔融盐电镀铝的反应机理和铝枝晶的抑制，并介绍了无机熔融盐体系电镀铝的应用和发展前景。     

三氟二氯乙烷的吸附纯化研究

用CaCl2、CuCl2和AgNO3溶液对NaX沸石进行离子交换改性,以所得的CaX、CuX、AgX材料以及NaX和Al2O3为吸附剂,通过吸附性能评价和X射线衍射(XRD)、红外(FT-IR)等表征方法,对吸附法脱除三氟二氯乙烷(R123)中六氟氯丁烯(R1326)杂质进行了研究.结果表明:R1326在各吸附剂上的吸附属于化学吸附;以将R1326脱除至检测限以下、R123不发生明显分解为标准时,CaX的吸附性能最优异,吸附温度最低(220℃),对R1326脱除至检测线以下时的吸附容量达0.066 g·g-1,这与其具有良好的X型分子筛晶体结构和一定的酸性有关.CaX的再生性能不佳,原因是其吸附饱和后丧失了X型分子筛晶体结构.     

熔盐在新能源领域的应用

综述了熔盐在电池(燃料电池、锂电池和热电池)、太阳能热发电等新能源领域的应用及其在生物质热裂解领域的研究动态,评价了熔盐为电解质的燃料电池的工作特点、转换效率和使用寿命,指出了熔融碳酸盐电池是燃料电池的发展方向. 相对于高温固相法制备的锂电池正极材料,熔盐法制备的正极材料的晶体结构和性能得到改善. 在太阳能热发电领域,高温熔盐作为一种低成本、高效率的传热蓄热介质得到了一定的应用. 介绍了熔盐热裂解生物质制取生物油或富氢气体的过程,对比了熔盐组成、裂解条件对产物产率的影响,分析了热裂解机理和动力学,指出熔盐裂解生物质技术的可行性. 最后对熔盐在新能源领域的应用存在的问题进行了分析,并对熔盐应用的发展方向进行了展望.     

Crystallization and Solubility of Zircon and Phenacite in Certain Molten Salts

Single crystals of zircon as large as 0.7 cm and phenacite as large as 1.5 cm were grown from molten alkali metal vanadates and molybdates. The best crystals were obtained by slow cooling melts of Na₂O·3MoO₃ or Li₂O·3MoO₃ saturated with zircon or phenacite from 1400° to 900°C at a rate of 2° per hour. Crystals grown on a seed by a thermal gradient process contained inclusions although rates up to 1 mm per day were obtained. Zircon crystals could be doped with Nd³⁺, Eu³⁺, Pr²⁺, Fe³⁺, Cr³⁺, and Mn²⁺. The rare earths fluoresced at their characteristic frequencies but no fluorescence was observed from the transition metal ions. Zircon crystals had the characteristic habit, being bounded by m (110) and p (111) faces. Phenacite had a rhombohe-dral habit when grown above 1000° and crystallized as hexagonal needles below that temperature. The solubility of zircon in Na₂O·3MoO₃ obeys the Van't Hoff equation with a heat of solution of 5.5 kcal per mole. The heat of solution of zircon and phenacite increased when V₂O₅ was substituted for MoO₃ in the solvent, increased when NazO was substituted for Li₂O, and increased further when K₂O was substituted. The solubility was higher in solvents containing V₂O₅ than in those containing Moo₃. Solvent-solute interactions were strongest when the solvents were strong Lewis acids since zircon and phenacite behave as bases.     

Recent Advances in the Cascade Cyclization Reactions of 1,7-Enynes

Elaborated molecular architectures, especially carbocyclic, heterocyclic, endocyclic, and polycyclic molecular structures, serve as an important class of organic complexes because they are frequently occurring core structural units in a variety of biologically and pharmacologically relevant natural products, drug molecules, agrochemicals, and functional materials. A main challenge of current synthetic approaches is the development of strategically efficient and selective formation of these compounds from easy-to-handle starting materials. The cascade cyclizations of 1,7-enynes have afforded an indispensable method for accessing molecular complexity and diversity, thus highlighting their potential significance in both academic and industrial communities. In the last decades, tremendous efforts have been devoted to discovering convenient routes to access sophisticated annulation derivatives, and a wide range of powerful and straightforward synthetic strategies have been reported. In this review, the latest achievements in the cascade cyclization reactions of 1,7-enynes are summarized, which could be separated into three categories: (1) Visible-light-induced reactions of 1,7-enynes; (2) Metal-free catalyzed reactions of 1,7-enynes; (3) Transition-metal-catalyzed reactions of 1,7-enynes.     

离子交换法制硫卤玻璃光波导用铯熔盐的研究

研究了自合成的单元 Cs Ac,二元 Cs Ac- Cs NO3 和三元 Cs Ac- Cs NO3 - KAc系统的熔点及凝固点的变化趋势 ,并初步进行了模拟离子交换的实验。实验结果表明 ,二元及三元系统的熔点较单元系统可下降 30℃和 40℃ ,最低可达 1 45℃ ,而凝固点则降至 1 2 6℃ ,满足硫卤玻璃进行离子交换时对熔盐熔点的特殊要求。