Effect of friction heat on tribological behavior of M2 steel against GCr15 steel in dry sliding systems

The tribological behavior depends significantly on friction heat under high sliding velocity. Many factors influence the conduction rate of friction heat, such as thermophysical properties of the pairs, the formation components of interface-film, environ- ment mediums, etc. Through theoretical and experimental studies on surface temperature, the heat partition approaches have been applied to the pairs of M2 steel against GCr15 steel to compare and discuss their tribological behavior in dry sliding contact. The re- sults indicate that the values of the contact pressure have little effect on the heat partition at a high sliding velocity of 40 m/s. Fur- thermore, the degree of correlation between the dynamic temperature and friction coefficient is obvious, and the correlation degree of parameters increases as the pressure grows. A close correlation exists among the temperatures measured from different points of the pin specimen. At last, X-ray diffraction analysis denotes that the carbides of secondary M6C are separated out during the process of friction.     

基于ANSYS的滑动摩擦热结构耦合分析

利用ANSYS有限元软件分析了在摩擦热和力场的耦合作用下,材料摩擦表面滑动接触区的局部温度变化、应力变化等特性．结果表明：在摩擦滑移过程中,磨损表面相当于接受固定热源作用,接触区温度逐渐上升,温度存在起伏波动现象,温度最高点在接触面中线区域,温度从接触面向四周呈递减趋势,而且温度梯度越来越小;同时,接触应力、摩擦应力也发生变化．滑动过程的热效应问题研究将有助于揭示接触过程中材料表面磨损机理．     

Nanowear pretreatment of AFM tips for reasonable friction force

In a nanoscale friction test, wear of an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip is inevitable. The shape of the worn tip influences the friction force measured. In order to eliminate the influence, nanowear pretreatment should be conducted for the AFM tip. In our study, pretreatment of three kinds of tips, i.e. Si₃N₄ tip, Si tip and silica colloidal tip, was performed using AFM. The results show that the shape of the tips changes with the increase of sliding distance, which leads to the variety of friction force. Whereas, when the tip gets blunt, the shape of tip tends to become stable and the friction force becomes stable correspondingly. To a certain degree, it reveals that the pretreated tips can be applied to study the friction force of samples.     

A comparative study of tribological properties between perfluoro and non-perfluoro alkylsilane self-assembled monolayers(SAMs)

The tribological properties of perfluoro and non-perfluoro alkylsilane molecular films were investigated and compared detailedly. Their surface properties were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and contact angle (CA) measurement. A ball-on-disk tribometer was used to study the frictional properties of these alkylsilane monolayers. The experimental results reveal that the alkylsilane molecular films are good candidates to decrease friction and they have good capability to endure rigorous shear forces. Perfluoro alkylsilane molecular films are bonded better with the Si substrate than the simple hydrocarbon ones. The effects of sliding velocity and normal load on friction coefficient are evident and the friction coefficient increases with the increase of the sliding velocity. However, friction coefficient decreases with the increase of normal load initially and then increases, indicating there exists a critical normal load for the load effect. Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50730007 and 50805086), the Foundation of Tsighua Basic Research, and the National Key Basic Research Program of China(No. 2007CB607604)     

关节轴承中微凸体的热分析

为研究关节轴承内外圈摩擦副上微凸体在相对滑动过程中的摩擦热问题,建立半球状微凸体相对光滑平面滑动的模型,对点热源导致的温升进行积分,计算关节轴承内外圈在微凸体接触面处的稳态温升分布. 分别计算微凸体在弹性接触与塑性接触状态下接触面的稳态温升分布,并研究了在不同角速度和载荷下接触面沿速度方向的温升变化. 给定在一定范围内变化的载荷及速度,分别计算绘制出了两种不同型号关节轴承中的微凸体在接触区的最大闪温图. 计算结果表明:内圈微凸体在接触区的温升是对称分布的,最大温升位于接触面的中心点,外圈接触区后沿的温升大于前沿的温升,最大温升出现在中心点偏后沿的位置. 轴承角速度或微凸体载荷越大,接触区的温升越大. 在低速重载工况下,微凸体的最大闪温值较小;而在高速情况下,微凸体的最大闪温值较大. 关节轴承在工作时应注意载荷和角速度的控制,防止因微凸体摩擦生热过多从而造成轴承使用性能受损.     

提升机盘形制动器无石棉闸瓦的摩擦性能

为寻求导致矿井提升安全事故的深层次原因,探究了目前在提升机盘形制动器上广泛应用的无石棉闸瓦摩擦性能.采用XDZ-A型摩擦材料制样机、X-DM型调压变速摩擦实验机等制备闸瓦试样、开展模拟提升机盘形制动器实际使用工况与环境的摩擦实验,系统研究了名义接触压力、滑动速度和温度等对无石棉闸瓦与16Mn钢摩擦盘对摩时所表现出来的摩擦学行为的影响.实验结果表明:在接触表面间温度基本不变的情况下,摩擦因数随名义接触压力的升高而增大,随滑动速度的增加而减小,但滑动速度对摩擦因数的影响大于名义接触压力的影响;摩擦因数随温度的升高而降低,在300℃左右,下降比较明显;在降温实验过程中,摩擦因数随温度的降低而增加,但其在不同温度下的值比升温过程中对应温度下的值要小.因此,在研发、设计提升机制动装置时,不能把闸瓦摩擦因数看成定值,必须充分考虑制动工况对闸瓦摩擦性能的影响.     

同步器同步机理建模与结构影响因素分析

针对同步器结合过程,利用平均雷诺方程和微凸体摩擦原理,建立了油膜压力、微凸体接触力、同步环轴向力、同步力矩4个数学模型,运用4-Runge-Kutta法对油膜厚度和转速差进行耦合数值求解,分析了同步器结合过程油膜厚度、转速差、粘性剪切转矩、粗糙摩擦转矩以及总转矩的变化规律.对同步器结合过程数学模型进行试验验证后,利用所建模型研究了同步环宽度、同步环半径、摩擦锥角以及摩擦材料厚度等因素对同步器结合过程的影响规律.结果表明:同步环宽度增大,粘性转矩和粗糙接触转矩增大,油膜厚度下降速率减缓,粗糙接触转矩响应延迟,同步时间增加;同步环半径增大,粘性转矩和粗糙接触转矩增大,油膜厚度下降速率加快,同步时间缩短;同步环摩擦锥角增大,粘性转矩增大,粗糙接触转矩减小,转速差下降速率变缓,同步时间增加;摩擦材料厚度增大,粗糙接触转矩相应加快,油膜厚度下降速率增大,最小油膜厚度减小,同步时间缩短.     

Nano-Mechanical Behavior and Nano-Tribological Properties of 316 Stainless Steel

The microstructure and nano-tribological properties of 316 austenitic stainless steel have been investigated by using the in situ nano-mechanical testing system Tribolndenter, in which six different normal forces were chosen to make a scratch and indentation. The results show that the contact depth of the indentation increases with the normal force and material is piled up on the edge of the indentation as plastic distortion. The stable nano-hardness and the reduced modulus of 316 austenitic stainless steel are approximately 6 GPa and 160 GPa, respectively. The friction coefficients of 316 stainless steel with conic-type diamond tip have a typical value of about 0.13, 0.15, 0.17, 0.19, 0.22 and 0.25 when the normal forces are kept at 500 μN, 1000 μN, 1500 μN, 2000 μN, 2500 μN and 3000 μN, revealing an increasing trend with the normal forces. The increase of the friction coefficient in the unloading segment may result from the adhesion force caused by the material piled up.     

Dry Friction Characteristics of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy under High Sliding Velocity

Tribological behaviours of Ti-6Al-4V alloy pins sliding against GCr15 steel discs over a range of contact pressures （0.33-1.33 MPa） and sliding velocities （30-70 m/s） were investigated using a pin-on-disc tribometer under unlubricated conditions. The wear mechanisms and the wear transition were analyzed based on examinations of worn surfaces using SEM, EDS and XRD. When the velocity increases, the friction coefficient and the wear rate of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy show typical transition features, namely, the critical values of sliding velocities for 0.33 and 0.67 MPa are 60 and 40 m/s, respectively. The experimental results reveal that the tribological behaviours of Ti-6Al-4V alloys are controlled by the thermal-mechanical effects, which connects with the friction heat and hard particles of the pairs. A tribolayer containing mainly Ti oxides and V oxides is formed on the worn surface of Ti-6Al-4V alloy.     

微凹半圆图形表面织构的摩擦特性研究

采用销-盘式摩擦试验机,在常温、常压及石蜡油润滑条件下,对不同密度的微凹半圆和圆图形织构进行摩擦特性试验.利用Stribeck曲线分析接触压力、图形密度、几何形状、滑动方向以及图形间距对摩擦性能的影响.结果表明,不同密度的微凹半圆图形织构,在A、B两个滑动方向下,摩擦系数的变化有明显的不同,但其变化会随着密度的增加而降低; 微凹半圆图形织构的摩擦特性好于微凹圆形织构,当摩擦为A方向、密度为15%、间距为162 μm时,微凹半圆图形织构的摩擦系数最小.     

盘式制动器摩擦温度场的数值模拟

采用COMSOL Multiphysics模拟盘式制动器制动过程的三维瞬态温度场,研究了制动盘和摩擦片的温度分布情况以及它们的热物性参数对摩擦副温度场的影响。结果表明:盘式制动器在制动过程中的高温时刻,高温处在沿盘转动方向与摩擦片滑出的区域;制动盘表面温度从高温度区域沿制动盘转动方向递减,摩擦片表面温度沿盘转动反方向递减;制动盘和摩擦片的径向温度最大值出现在摩擦区域的中部位置,而外径和内径处温度较低,轴向方向都由摩擦面表层向内层方向递减;增大制动盘或摩擦片的某一热物性参数均可降低摩擦副表面最大温度值,但制动盘相对摩擦片,其导热系数、比热容和密度对摩擦副温度值的影响要大得多,研究内容可为制动器的结构设计及材料的选择提供参考。     

邮政处理设备中摩擦特性的试验研究

为了解邮件与处理设备之间的摩擦情况, 通过销-盘式摩擦磨损试验装置改变摩擦副之间的相对滑动速度及正压力, 并通过两维测力传感器及相应的测试系统, 对典型邮件包装材料与邮件处理设备之间的摩擦系数随滑动速度及载荷的变化进行了测试与分析.试验表明, 在邮件的实际运行速度区间内, 邮件与设备之间的摩擦系数随速度变化呈现平缓增加的趋势.     

蚯蚓体表与土壤接触界面动态行为仿真

应用离散元软件PFC2D建立了蚯蚓波纹体表与土壤界面动态行为仿真模型,对比分析了光滑和波纹试样的接触界面、接触力场和接触颗粒数以及滑动阻力,得出:当波纹表面的摩擦力与土壤颗粒对波纹凸起处的向后推力之和小于光滑表面的摩擦力时,波纹表面起到减阻作用;如果土壤颗粒对波纹表面凸起处的向后推力过大,波纹会起到增加阻力的作用。另外,试样运动时,波纹表面比光滑表面对土壤的扰动大。随着垂直载荷的增加,波纹表面和光滑表面的滑动阻力均增加,且波纹表面的降阻效果减弱;随着前进速度的增加,2种试样滑动阻力的增加,但波纹表面的滑动阻力的增长小于光滑表面,即速度高时波纹表面降阻明显。结果表明:蚯蚓非光滑表面的减阻能力与接触界面特性和外部条件有关。研究结果可为揭示非光滑表面的减阻机制提供研究方法和参考。     

干气密封摩擦副启停阶段摩擦特性的仿真研究

针对干气密封非稳态下摩擦特性对密封性能的影响进行研究,考虑动、静环材料属性,微凸体之间的相互作用以及摩擦热流耦合,建立了三维粗糙实体与理想光滑刚体滑动摩擦热力耦合模型。运用ANSYS软件数值模拟了摩擦热以及应力变化规律。研究发现,粗糙表面最高接触温度随滑动时间增加呈逐步上升趋势,并且温升呈 现了一定的波动性;粗糙表面的VonMises等效应力分布极其不均匀呈非线性变化;同时,还发现最大x 方向应力分量σxx 并未出现在最高接触微凸体上;在沿三维粗糙实体厚度方向存在一拉应力区,随着滑动时间的持续,拉应力区有一定程度扩大。从而说明两端面间的温升和波动性以热传导为主要影响因素,应力的变化是由于微凸体发生了弹塑性变形。研究成果为今后干气密封启停阶段特性研究以及参数优化奠定了基础。     

Micro contact and stick-slip number between AFM probe tip and sample surface

Atomic force microscope (AFM) has become a main instrument in characterization of micro topography and micro tribology of surfaces. Under its contact mode, AFM probe tip slides on the surface in the direction perpendicular to its longitudinal axis to get topography and lateral force images simultaneously. During the scanning, the AFM tip is loaded by both a normal force and a lateral force, which make the probe bend and twist. In their pioneering work, Mate et al.[1] used AFM to measure m…     

SiCp含量与粒径对SiCp-Al/无石棉有机摩擦材料摩擦学特性的影响

对不同体积含量（１０％,１５％,２０％）和不同粒径（６,１３μｍ）的ＳｉＣｐ增强Ａｌ９Ｓｉ铝基复合材料与无石棉有机摩擦材料组成的摩擦副的摩擦磨损特性进行了试验研究．试验表明：该摩擦副具有较稳定的摩擦系数;ＳｉＣｐ的含量和粒径对摩擦副的摩擦系数影响不大．摩擦材料的磨损量随ＳｉＣｐ含量和粒径的增大而减小．     

球墨铸铁复合仿生耦合单元体结构参数变化对摩擦应力的影响模拟研究

应用仿生耦合原理,提取典型单元体,设计仿生单元体结构,从而获得耐磨性能更好的球墨铸铁耐磨表面,通过模拟发现仿生耦合表面出现了单元体处应力集中,基体应力降低的现象.通过复合典型仿生结构,并改变结构参数可改变摩擦面的应力大小及分布状况.利用软件进行模拟研究,并得出如下结论:对于直线+渐开线形复合仿生单元体来说,当只改变直线...     

大直径等截面桩与扩底桩的承载特性研究

基于荷载传递法和广义双曲线函数,建立了大直径扩底桩的单桩解析模型。利用ABAQUS软件建立等截面桩与扩底桩的有限元分析模型,土体用Mohr-Coulomb本构模型,桩体采用弹性模型,在桩土接触面间设立接触对。分析了桩底沉渣、扩底高度和扩底直径对大直径等截面桩与扩底桩承载特性的影响,得出桩身轴力、桩侧阻力和桩顶沉降等变化规律。结果表明,扩底桩可明显提高承载力并减小桩顶沉降;工程应用中应尽量减少桩底沉渣厚度。     

面齿轮啮合过程中齿面温度仿真

齿面温度及其变化是计算轮齿变形和判断齿轮是否胶合的主要依据。根据面齿轮传动以及传热学的基本原理,通过对面齿轮啮合接触区进行分析,运用表面温度法,介绍了面齿轮点接触区润滑数学模型、油膜厚度方程和油膜能量方程,建立了面齿轮传动的齿面瞬时接触温度的计算方程。研究了啮合齿面间的接触应力、齿面相对滑动速度以及齿面间的摩擦系数等相关参数的计算。对面齿轮传动的啮合过程中不同啮合位置时,齿面温升进行有限元分析,研究面齿轮齿面温度的分布规律,为面齿轮的设计提供有效的理论依据。     

低周反复试验轴力加载装置的系统摩擦力

在柱、剪力墙等的低周反复加载试验中,与施加轴压力的竖向作动器相连的钢铰轴处或滑动导轨处存在的摩擦力会导致加载水平力的测量结果不同程度地较真实值偏高。通过试验和有限元计算,分析了该摩擦力的规律和量化取值。为了消除材料非线性并准确考虑几何非线性的影响,设计两个型钢柱进行了材料弹性状态下的低周反复试验,并在OpenSees平台上建立了能够准确计算二阶效应的有限元模型。根据试验测量结果、有限元分析结果对该试验的轴力加载装置引起的摩擦力进行计算,研究了摩擦系数的取值方法,并考察了摩擦力对柱试验结果的影响。研究结果表明：由轴力加载装置引起的摩擦力主要受轴压力值影响,柱顶位移的影响较小;随着轴压力增大,摩擦力增大、摩擦系数变小;最大摩擦力、最小摩擦系数均趋于较稳定的取值;对于轴压力为350~900 kN的钢筋混凝土柱,由该装置摩擦力引起的低周反复试验的柱顶水平力测量结果误差约为5~13 kN。