2018~2019年云南省沙门氏菌感染引起食源性腹泻状况分析

目的 通过对2018-2019年云南省食源性腹泻病例的沙门氏菌检出情况进行分析,为采取相应防治措施提供科学依据。方法 选取2018-2019年云南省食源性疾病监测哨点医院收集到的由食品或怀疑由食品引起的且以腹泻症状为主诉的就诊病例,通过采集患者粪便或肛拭子标本进行沙门菌检验。结果 2018-2019年云南省通过食源性疾病监测报告系统共收集食源性腹泻病例8558例,沙门氏菌检出320例,检出率3.74%(320/8558)。3～6岁年龄组病例中沙门氏菌检出率(10.18%)最高,其次为≤3岁(6.50%)和6～13岁(4.63%)年龄组;托幼儿童检出率(9.40%)最高;6月份检出率(7.41%)最高;以糖果、巧克力、蜂蜜及其制品可疑食品暴露史检出率(6.67%)最高;血清型鉴定结果肠炎沙门氏菌总检出率(50.94%)最高。结论 肠炎沙门氏菌是云南省食源性腹泻病例的主要致病菌,应重点加强云南省食源性疾病致病微生物监测;3～6岁、≤3岁和6～13岁等儿童是食源性腹泻病例的高发人群,应加强重点人群特别是儿童食源性疾病知识的宣传教育,积极开展有效的防控措施。     

2013—2015年吉林省食源性疾病流行病学特征分析

目的分析2013—2015年吉林省食源性疾病的流行病学特征和规律,为防控食源性疾病暴发事件提出有针对性的措施和建议。方法对2013—2015年"食源性疾病监测报告系统"中吉林省的病例进行描述性分析和统计学检验。结果 2013—2015年吉林省哨点医院共报告食源性疾病病例12 049例,其中11 497例患者的标本做病原学检测,807例患者检出致病微生物,总检出率为7.02%;诺如病毒、沙门菌、致泻性大肠埃希菌属、志贺菌、副溶血性弧菌检出率分别为15.63%(389/2 489)、2.54%(283/11 141)、1.32%(147/11 167)、0.08%(9/11 153)、0.06%(6/9 410),未检出小肠耶尔森菌(0/201)。诺如病毒、沙门菌和致泻性大肠埃希菌属与志贺菌、副溶血性弧菌和小肠耶尔森菌相比是吉林省主要流行的食源性致病微生物(P0.05)。诺如病毒在第一季度检出率(31.00%)高于其他三个季度;沙门菌、致泻性大肠埃希菌属在第二、三季度检出率(3.78%、3.12%;1.32%、1.69%)高于第一、四季度;志贺菌和副溶血性弧菌均在第三季度检出率最高(0.14%、0.15%)。诺如病毒在80岁以上和5岁以下年龄组检出率较高(20.00%、18.90%),沙门菌和致泻性大肠埃希菌属在5岁以下年龄组检出率最高(3.38%、1.75%)。2015年的食源性致病菌检出率高于2013年和2014年,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),第四季度的检出率低于前三季度差异有统计学意义(P0.05),不同性别的食源性致病菌检出率差异无统计学意义(P0.05),5岁以下年龄组儿童、商业服务人员、城市居民食源性致病微生物检出率最高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 2013—2015年吉林省食源性疾病检出率逐年升高,第一、二、三季度检出率高于第四季度,诺如病毒、沙门菌和致泻性大肠埃希菌属是主要流行的病原体,5岁以下年龄组儿童和商业服务人员易受食源性致病微生物感染。     

广州市非伤寒沙门菌感染流行病学负担分析

评估广州市非伤寒沙门菌感染流行病学负担,提出食源性疾病监测策略。方法 在广州市6区设9家食源性疾病主动监测医院,调查12个月腹泻病例采样率、沙门菌检测率、实验室检测敏感度,进而推算全市医疗机构相应数据;在广州市3区开展人群腹泻随机抽样入户调查,调查腹泻病例就诊率;通过传染病报告信息管理系统获得监测医院和全市医疗机构沙门菌感染性腹泻报告率;利用食源性疾病流行病学负担金字塔模型,通过倍数校正和不确定性分析估计沙门菌感染实际发病数,比较食源性疾病主、被动监测数据用于疾病负担分析的优劣。结果 监测医院12个月腹泻病例平均采样率38.34%,沙门菌检测率28.24%,实验室检测敏感度87.5%,人群腹泻病例就诊率23.91%,沙门菌感染性腹泻报告率42.98%;全市医疗机构推算采样率38.34%,检测率28.24%,实验室检测敏感度47.5%,报告率20.94%,估计广州市沙门菌感染病例64 586例(95%CI:44 136～101 921),年发病率508.5/10万(95%CI:347.5～802.5/10万),全年全市被动报告病例仅171例,报告年发病率1.3/10万;经估算5岁以下年龄组(3 583.2/10万)年发病率最高,15～24岁年龄组(23.5/10万)最低。结论 首次验证疾病负担金字塔模型在我国食源性疾病负担研究领域的适用性;表明主动监测一定程度上提升了食源性疾病尤其是特定病原体感染采样率、检测率、实验室检测敏感度和报告率,有助于对负担作出更准确和积极有效的估计;结果提示广州市非伤寒沙门菌感染负担较重,5岁以下年龄组人群负担水平尤其显著。     

2015—2018年上海市浦东新区食源性疾病主动监测病原学及流行病学特征分析

目的 了解上海市浦东新区特定病原体食源性疾病的流行趋势和特征,为制定食源性疾病防控策略提供参考。方法 采集2015—2018年于上海市浦东新区开展食源性疾病主动监测的数据,2家哨点医院采集以腹泻症状为主诉感染病例的粪便或肛拭子标本,进行副溶血性弧菌、沙门菌、志贺菌、致泻大肠埃希菌、空肠弯曲菌和诺如病毒检验,同时对患者进行相关信息采集、分析。结果 共监测和采集2 871例腹泻病例的粪便或肛拭子标本,病原体总体检出率为23.55%(676/2 871),其中,诺如病毒为20.04%(97/484)、致泻大肠埃希菌为11.84%(340/2 871)、空肠弯曲菌为7.21%(68/943)、副溶血性弧菌为4.01%(115/2 871)、沙门菌为3.27%(94/2 871)、志贺菌为0.28%(8/2 871);第三季度的病原体检出率较高,呈现较明显的夏秋季高峰;可疑食物主要是混合/多种食品(41.12%,278/676),其次为水产动物及其制品(22.19%,150/676)和肉与肉制品(10.95%,74/676)。结论 诺如病毒和致泻大肠埃希菌是上海市浦东新区腹泻病例的主要病原体,应进一步完善食源性疾病主动监测,对特定病原体阳性病例开展流行病学个案调查,为开展有效防控提供技术支持。     

2014年金华市食源性疾病监测结果分析

了解金华市食源性疾病发生的基本情况,为预防和控制食源性疾病提供更为准确、充分的科学依据。方法 对金华市食源性疾病主动监测、食源性疾病暴发报告结果进行统计分析。结果 2014年哨点医院共监测食源性疾病病例4 095例,男女比例1.33∶1,以20～59岁年龄组为主(52.60%,2 154/4 095),职业以农民为主;采集粪便标本3 927份进行特定病原体检测,共检出致病菌120株,其中副溶血性弧菌55株、沙门菌46株、志贺菌18株、致泻性大肠埃希菌1株。2014年共报告食源性疾病暴发事件14 起,发病人数125人,以致病菌导致的感染性腹泻为主,5～8月为高发期,副溶血性弧菌的检出率最高。结论 食源性疾病监测结果反映金华市食源性疾病发生处于低水平,应重点加强监测关键环节的质量控制,建议进一步扩大主动监测的覆盖范围。     

2018年上海市非伤寒沙门菌感染流行病学特征分析

目的 了解上海市非伤寒沙门菌(以下简称“沙门菌”)感染的流行病学特征,为沙门菌感染的预防和控制提供科学依据。方法 应用描述流行病学的方法,对上海市26家食源性疾病监测哨点医院感染性腹泻病例的流行病学信息和沙门菌检测结果进行统计分析。结果 收集到5 580例感染性腹泻病例和其标本,沙门菌检出率为4.19%(234/5 580),其血清型以肠炎沙门菌和鼠伤寒沙门菌为主。不同性别、年龄和职业人群的沙门菌检出率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),春夏季节是沙门菌检出的高发季节。有发热症状或者发生水样便的病例,其沙门菌检出率高于无发热症状和无水样便的病例。餐饮服务业和单位食堂的病例中沙门菌检出率相对较高。结论 上海市沙门菌感染的血清型以肠炎沙门菌和鼠伤寒沙门菌为主,感染高峰出现在春夏季节。考虑到餐饮服务业和单位食堂的风险相对较高,食品安全监督管理部门应加强对其卫生监管。     

2014~2018年保山市食源性疾病病例监测结果分析

目的 分析保山市食源性疾病病例监测结果, 掌握发病特点和发生规律。方法 收集2014~2018年保山市6家哨点医院通过食源性疾病监测报告系统上报的食源性疾病病例个案4897例, 对食源性疾病病例监测数据进行统计分析。结果 所报告食源性疾病病例男女比为1.03:1, 病例中最小年龄为出生50天, 最大年龄96岁, 多发于25~55岁(50.42%), 农村居民多于城镇居民, 农民为主(55.28%); 6~8月为高发期; 临床表现以消化系统症状为主; 采集652份粪便标本中, 检出致病微生物24株, 检出率3.68%, 致泻大肠埃希氏菌检出率最高; 可疑食品以毒蘑菇、肉与肉制品、蔬菜类及其制品、附片为主; 家庭是主要暴露场所。结论 有针对性的在农村家庭开展预防毒蘑菇、附子(川乌、草乌)及微生物性食物中毒的健康教育, 可有效减少食源性疾病的发生。     

2016—2018年广东省食源性疾病流行病学特征及时空聚集性分析

目的 分析2016—2018年广东省食源性疾病的流行病学时空特征及聚集性分布,为制定防控策略提供依据。方法 将“国家食源性监测报告系统”中广东省2016—2018年食源性疾病病例个案导出,分析病例的流行病学特征并利用ArcGIS 10.8软件展示病例空间自相关分析。结果 2016—2018年广东省共报告食源性疾病76 943例,男女比例为1.16∶1;职业人群中最多的是散居儿童(26.58%,20 452/76 943),各年龄层的病例数以0～5岁年龄段最多(23 584例,占比30.65%),对其中29 072例病例进行了采样检测,致病菌总体阳性检出率为17.03%(4 950/29 072),其中沙门菌阳性检出率为14.84%(4 314/29 072);副溶血性弧菌阳性检出率为1.29%(374/29 072);致泻性大肠埃希菌阳性检出率为0.83%(241/29 072);志贺菌阳性检出率为0.07%(21/29 072)。诺如病毒总体阳性检出率为0.83%(241/29 072)。食源性疾病可疑暴露食品占比最高的是混合食品(21.69%),进食场所主要为家庭(占比65.53%...     

2017—2019年郴州市食源性疾病主动监测病原学特征及耐药分析

目的 了解郴州市食源性疾病的病原学特征和流行规律,为食源性疾病预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法 收集2017—2019年郴州市2家哨点医院主动监测的病例信息、粪便或肛拭子标本,依据《国家食源性疾病监测工作手册》中的方法对标本开展病原学检验、病原体分型以及药敏试验。结果 采集腹泻病例标本825份,病原体总检出率为30.18%（249/825）,其中沙门菌16.24%（134/825）、诺如病毒11.76%（97/825）、致泻大肠埃希菌3.52%（29/825）、副溶血性弧菌0.73%（6/825）、志贺菌0.12%（1/825）;第二、第三季度细菌检出率高,第一、第四季度病毒检出率高;不同年龄段病原体检出率以2～6岁年龄段最高（40.79%,31/76）;可疑暴露食品主要为乳及乳制品、粮食类及其制品和水果类及其制品;检出的沙门菌中以鼠伤寒沙门菌占比最高（74.63%,100/134）,致泻大肠埃希菌中以肠黏附型（EAEC）和产肠毒素型（ETEC）占比最高（34.48%,10/29）,诺如病毒以GⅡ型为主（85.57%,83/97）;沙门菌对四环素（TET）耐药率最高达88.71%（110/124）,沙门菌多重耐药率达85.48%（106/124）;致泻大肠埃希菌对氨苄西林（AMP）耐药率较高（79.31%,23/29）,致泻大肠埃希菌多重耐药率为62.07%（18/29）。结论 郴州市食源性疾病腹泻病例的主要病原体为沙门菌和诺如病毒,沙门菌和致泻大肠埃希菌耐药严重,应针对性地开展食品安全监管,强化抗生素耐药监测,严防抗生素滥用。     

2012—2020年杭州市食源性疾病监测与流行病学分析

目的 了解杭州市食源性疾病的流行病学特征，为疾病防控提供科学依据。方法 收集2012—2020年在杭州市60家食源性疾病监测医院就诊的食源性疾病病例信息，并进行流行病学特征和病原学分析。结果2012—2020年杭州市共上报食源性疾病病例54 479例，以5～10月较为集中，占总报告病例数的67.83%(36 954/54 479);26～35岁和≤5岁年龄组为高发病年龄组，分别占21.78%(11 865/54 479)和17.08%(9 307/54 479)；病例职业以农民最多，其次为干部职员和托幼儿童。采集食源性疾病病例生物标本41 905份，共检出病原体3 380株，其中诺如病毒检出率最高，为8.77%(734/8 370)，其次为副溶血性弧菌2.68%(1 097/40 914)、致泻性大肠埃希菌2.39%(527/22 012)、沙门菌2.38%(978/41 052)、志贺菌0.11%(44/41 046)。诺如病毒的检出高峰为3月和11月，副溶血性弧菌为8月。结论 杭州市食源性疾病病例具有明显的季节性和人群分布特征，应加强对食源性病原体的监测和可疑食物暴露调查，为开展有...     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press