水性超疏水复合涂料的制备及其机械稳定性

目的为了实现超疏水表面在实际生产生活中大规模应用,研制了一种具有大面积、低成本、可设计性和无有机溶剂等优点的水性超疏水涂料。方法以纳米级的气相二氧化硅和水性氟碳树脂为主要原料,以水为溶剂,通过氟硅烷疏水改性后获得了一种具有自清洁效应的超疏水涂料,借助场发射扫描电子显微镜、接触角测量仪、延时拍摄等手段对其进行了表征。结果该水性涂料可喷涂于各种软硬表面获得超疏水表面,其接触角均大于150°,滚动角均小于10°。水滴撞击实验表明,树脂增强的超疏水涂料经总体积为600 m L的连续水滴撞击后,其静态接触角依然大于150°,滚动角依然保持在10°以内。经砂纸打磨40周期后,水滴依然可以从其表面滚落。结论研制了一种以水为主要溶剂且价格低廉的水性超疏水涂料,将其喷涂于各种软、硬基底上均可获得均匀的超疏水涂层。该涂层还可以通过添加水性树脂来有效地增强其机械稳定性。     

抽水蓄能机组过流表面超疏水涂层的制备及其阻垢防腐性能研究

目的提升过流表面的阻垢、防腐性能。方法通过电感耦合等离子光谱仪和离子色谱对江西某抽水蓄能电站过流表面垢质组成进行表征,分析垢质形成的主要因素。采用Q235低碳钢片模拟抽水蓄能机组过流表面,并通过在过流表面构筑超疏水表面涂层,来提升其阻垢和防腐性能。采用商品化的Zonyl?TM作为疏水改性剂,通过乳液聚合法制备改性Si O_2微球-含氟聚合物混合涂膜液。通过喷涂法在Q235低碳钢片上制备超疏水表面。通过挂片试验考察超疏涂层的阻垢、防腐性能。结果 Q235低碳钢片超疏水涂层表面水滴接触角达到了151.8°,表面能降低至5.1m N/m,水滴滚动角为7.8°,表现出良好的超疏水性。在挂片试验中,未涂覆超疏水涂层的钢片表面存在严重腐蚀,而涂覆超疏水涂层的钢片表面未见腐蚀现象。涂覆超疏水涂层后,钢片表面的结垢总增重从涂覆前的45 g/m~2降低至5 g/m~2,降低了88.9%。结论通过喷涂法在模拟过流表面经过一次涂覆成功制备了超疏水涂层,有效避免了表面的腐蚀,并显著减缓了表面的结垢。该方法在过流表面的阻垢、防腐方面展现出了良好的应用前景。     

耐用铝基超疏水涂层的机械稳定性及抗结冰性能

通过简单的一步喷涂法,以成膜树脂和疏水纳米粒子为材料,构建具有优异机械稳定性和抗结冰性的无氟耐用超疏水涂层（RSHC）。方法 以有机硅树脂（SI）和环氧树脂（EP）为成膜物质,掺入具有疏水性的SiO2复合尺度纳米粒子,采用一步喷涂法制备涂层。采用接触角测量仪等测量涂层的表面浸润性,通过线性摩擦实验、胶带剥离实验、射流冲击实验等测定涂层的机械稳定性,通过静态结冰实验、低温弹跳和冻雨实验等测定涂层的抗结冰性能。结果 制备的涂层表现出优异的超疏水性,其接触角为158°4°,滚动角为8°0.6°。当有机硅树脂、环氧树脂和SiO2纳米粒子的质量比为2.8∶1.2∶1时,涂层表面在具有良好疏水性的同时仍具有极佳的力学性能。线性摩擦实验结果表明,涂层具有良好的耐磨损性能,经过100次摩擦循环后,其表面水滴接触角仍可达到157°;胶带剥离实验结果表明,涂层与基底间具有坚实的附着力,在测试20次后其表面的水滴接触角仍保持大于150°;射流冲击实验结果表明,涂层具有一定的抗冲击性,在射流冲击30 min后涂层的表面接触角未明显减小。此外,覆盖涂层的基底具有优异的静态结冰延迟性能和动态防覆冰性能。在静态结冰实验中,涂层表面液滴的结冰时间延迟了约7倍;在低温弹跳和冻雨实验中,滴落的水滴能从表面完全弹起滚落,并且在低温冻雨环境中其表面可以保持无覆冰。结论 制备的耐用超疏水涂层具有良好的疏水性、机械稳定性和抗结冰性能,对耐用超疏水涂层的研究及实际应用具有一定的参考价值。     

仿蝉翼超疏水疏油玻璃防指纹特性研究

目的 解决传统的全氟聚醚疏油防指纹涂层对提高触摸屏防指纹效果不明显的问题.方法 基于对蝉翼表面纳米阵列微观结构形貌的表征,通过金快速热退火模板法和反应离子刻蚀技术,制备了仿蝉翼超疏水疏油防指纹表面.基于指纹图像阈值算法和表面粗糙度因子模拟计算,评价分析了其防指纹特性.结果 仿蝉翼超疏水表面水接触角为(152±1)°,指纹油接触角为(118±2)°,十六烷接触角为(111±2)°,表面透光率为95.6％,展现出卓越的超疏水疏油特性和光学特性.同时,仿蝉翼超疏水疏油表面的抗指纹性相对于全氟聚醚改性平玻璃疏油表面提升了28.3％以上,表现出良好的防指纹特性.此外,按压指纹后的仿蝉翼超疏水疏油表面经过1次标准无纺布擦拭实验后,表面指纹率相对于擦拭前降低了40％,指纹降低率远高于改性平玻璃疏油表面,说明了其优异的指纹易擦洗特性.另外,经过20 min落砂实验后,仿蝉翼超疏水疏油表面仍然可以保持良好的抗指纹特性,说明其具有良好的耐机械磨损特性.结论 仿蝉翼超疏水疏油表面具有优异的超疏水疏油特性和光学特性,同时,表面致密的纳米阵列赋予了其良好的抗指纹特性.经测试发现,该表面具有优异的指纹易擦洗特性和机械耐久性,为未来防指纹玻璃的设计提供了新的思路.     

修饰不同微结构对疏水性表面浸润性的影响

目的研究修饰微结构对疏水性材料表面浸润性的影响并指导制备超疏水表面。方法基于有限元软件建立了水滴在修饰不同微结构的疏水性表面的润湿模型,通过水滴表观接触角衡量分析了疏水材料表面修饰单一粗糙结构和复合粗糙结构对疏水性提升的效果,利用硅树脂掺杂微粒制备了不同粗糙度的疏水性涂层,涂层固化后测试其实际接触角大小,并与仿真结果对比。结果仿真结果显示,对水滴接触角为100°的表面修饰单一粗糙结构后,由于微结构形成的凹槽滞留空气,阻碍了水滴在表面铺展,使得水滴在表面的接触角增大至133°。在原微结构基础上修饰更小一级的微结构后,水滴在表面的接触角达168°,材料表面达到超疏水效果。实验中,随涂层表面粗糙度的提升,水滴在表面的接触角逐渐增大,掺混两种微粒的疏水涂层固化后,表面形成复合微观结构,水滴接触角达162°,与仿真结果拟合较好。结论在疏水性表面修饰微结构可显著提升其表面疏水性,修饰复合结构后可达到超疏水效果,此方法可用于实际工程制备超疏水表面。     

280 简易快速的表面超疏水涂层制备及其性能

目的 低成本简易快速地制备出耐腐蚀超疏水涂层,并研究表面喷砂对超疏水涂层的影响。方法 利用喷砂和抛光这2种表面处理方式和喷涂工艺在5050铝合金板基体表面构建出具有多级结构的超疏水表面。通过润湿性、电化学腐蚀、耐磨性、浸泡耐久性和自清洁测试等试验,分别评价制备样品表面的润湿性、耐海水腐蚀、耐磨性、耐长时间浸泡性能和自清洁性能,并通过扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪对表面形貌和元素成分进行分析。结果 制备的样品表面具有优异的超疏水性能。在30次喷涂次数下,喷砂基底的涂层表面的水滴静态接触角为(153.9±1)°,动态滚动角为(2.99±0.5)°。电化学腐蚀测试结果表明,喷涂氟硅树脂/SiO2涂层可以有效增强铝合金表面的耐腐蚀性能。试验中,样品在25次砂纸摩擦后,抛光基底的涂层表面的接触角为(97±1)°,喷砂基底的涂层表面的接触角为(102.4±1)°。样品在NaCl溶液浸泡10 d后,抛光基底的涂层表面的接触角为(69.4±1)°,喷砂基底的涂层表面的接触角为(113.7±1)°。结论 所制备的喷砂和抛光基体在经过不同次数的喷涂氟硅树脂/SiO2复合涂料后具备超疏水性能,且喷砂基底的涂层表面具有更低的滚动角。涂层修饰的表面在NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能随着喷涂次数的提升而增强。在相同的喷涂条件下,喷砂处理基体能提高超疏水表面的耐腐蚀性、耐磨性和耐久性。     

影响硅橡胶涂层疏水性的因素

目的寻找影响硅橡胶涂层疏水性的因素,并找到相应的提升改进方法。方法以液体硅橡胶为基体,通过燃烧橡胶条熏附、添加纳米SiO2粉末混合和喷洒纳米SiO2粉末附着这三种不同方式,来制备超疏水表面涂层。通过改变纳米粉末的加入方式、加入质量,研究疏水性的最佳条件。并通过光学显微镜测量静态接触角评价表面疏水性能,寻找影响其疏水性的因素。结果最佳的方法为熏烧的烟尘附于液体硅橡胶涂层表面,大多数试验样本出现超疏水特性,静态接触角最高可达159°,平均值150°,静态接触角提高40°以上;次之为均匀喷洒纳米SiO2粉末,部分试验样本出现超疏水特性,静态接触角最高为145°,平均值135.5°,静态接触角提高30°~40°;简单搅拌混合的提升效果最差,没有试验样本出现超疏水特性,静态接触角最高可达124°,平均值108.5°,静态接触角只提高5°~15°。结论构建超疏水涂层的关键在于能否成功构建出微纳米的二级微观结构,简单的物理混合、搅拌会使纳米粉末被覆盖掉,无法表现出其特性。涂层的疏水能力与接触周围的实际微观长度有关。     

楔形亲油轨道-超疏水复合图案化表面液滴引导及润滑增效研究

目的 实现液滴及润滑油在超疏水表面定向引导,并将其运用于机械摩擦副,改善摩擦润滑性能。方法 提出一种简单的超疏水高疏油涂层制备方法,即在硅烷耦合剂作用下利用1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷（FAS-17）改性气相纳米二氧化硅,经交联固化处理后制得具有超疏水高疏油特性的涂层。通过FT-IR分析涂层成分、SEM观测涂层形貌,验证了涂层制备方案的有效性。通过纳秒激光在疏油涂层上加工亲油楔形图案化表面,进行表面流体引导实验。通过开展球-盘标准摩擦实验和滚动轴承温升实验来验证楔形亲油图案化表面流体引导,用于实现机械摩擦润滑增效的有效性。结果 通过对涂层表面进行成分分析,验证了C-F键长链在二氧化硅粒子表面上的成功枝接。通过对涂层表面进行形貌观测,验证了表面微纳米粗糙结构的成功构建。所制备得到涂层表面去离子水、PAO4、石蜡油、白油、PAO6、齿轮油接触角分别为157°、142°、143°、144°、136°、145°。相比之下,普通铝板表面去离子水、PAO4、石蜡油、白油、PAO6、齿轮油接触角分别为46°、16°、17°、20°、15°、24°,涂层具有优异的超疏水高疏油特性。通过...     

超疏水涂层的制备及其性能

通过在有机硅改性丙烯酸树脂中加入具有疏水作用的纳米及微米级颗粒,在碳钢表面制备超疏水涂层。利用扫描电镜和接触角测定仪对涂层表面的微观结构及疏水性能进行表征,结果表明：该涂层结构与荷叶表面的微观结构很相似,水滴与涂层表面的接触角达到了150°,涂层具有超疏水性能。     

铝表面超疏水复合涂层的制备及其表面性能

目的 通过在纯铝表面构筑超疏水涂层,优化金属铝表面,并强化其应用性能。方法 采用阳极氧化法在铝表面构筑具有纳米孔洞的Al2O3薄膜,再利用全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷修饰表面,得到超疏水复合涂层,并研究氧化电位和表面修饰时间对纳米结构的构筑及疏水性能的影响,研究超疏水复合涂层表面润湿性、防污、自清洁和抗结冰性能。结果 控制阳极氧化条件,在氧化电位为16～18V、氧化时间为1h时,得到1～2μm的“花瓣”聚集叠加成的多级粗糙结构。通过6 h的表面修饰,得到了接触角为163.6°的超疏水性复合膜层。进一步对该超疏水膜层的性能进行分析发现,经超疏水膜层修饰后铝具有优异的防污性能;相较于纯铝,经超疏水膜层修饰后铝片的电化学阻抗模值高达105?·cm2,而电流密度仅为1.81×10-9 A/cm2;在高温和低温环境下,超疏水膜层均能保持超疏水性能;经砂纸来回打磨200 cm后,膜层的接触角仍大于150°。结论 经阳极氧化纯铝得到具有多级粗糙结构的阳极氧化膜,并通过表面修饰可制备接触角高达163.6°的超疏水性复合膜层。该超疏水复合涂层具有优异的耐腐蚀性、自清洁性、耐污染性,以及良好的耐蚀性、机械稳定性和...     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.