喷雾干燥工艺条件对HMX/F_(2602)核壳复合微球粒度的影响

采用悬浮喷雾干燥法将偏氟乙烯和六氟丙烯共聚物(F_(2602))包覆于HMX颗粒表面,制备了HMX/F_(2602)核壳复合微球。采用共混溶液喷雾干燥法制备了HMX/F_(2602)复合微球。探讨了进口温度、进料速率和料液浓度等悬浮喷雾干燥工艺条件对HMX/F_(2602)核壳复合微球粒度的影响。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、激光粒度分析仪和撞击感度仪表征了两个样品的形貌、粒度和撞击感度。结果表明,悬浮喷雾干燥法的优化工艺条件为:入口温度85℃,进料速率3 m L·min~(-1),料液浓度2%。HMX/F_(2602)复合微球有内部缺陷,中值粒径为4.75μm。HMX/F_(2602)核壳复合微球为实心球状,中值粒径1.23μm。HMX/F_(2602)复合微球和HMX/F_(2602)核壳复合微球的撞击特性落高分别为31.23 cm和41.37 cm,显示HMX/F_(2602)核壳复合微球有更好的性能。     

纳米B/NC/F2602双层含能纤维的制备及其性能

为了改善纳米硼粉的分散性，提高纳米硼粉的能量输出，利用同轴静电纺丝法制备了n-B/NC/F₂₆₀₂核壳纳米纤维；利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对不同芯层溶液质量分数、壳层溶液质量分数、工作电压、针头到收集器之间的距离、注射速率制备的样品进行形貌分析，探索了最佳制备条件。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、红外光谱仪(IR)对最佳制备条件制得的样品进行了形貌分析；利用燃烧性能测试、热力学模拟、DSC-TG对其进行了性能分析。研究结果表明：最佳制备条件为芯层溶液质量分数15%、壳层溶液质量分数15%、工作电压16 kV、针头到收集器之间的距离12 cm、芯层流速3.6 mL·h^-1、壳层流速6 mL·h^-1；所得纺丝产物平均直径为1.32μm；燃烧性能测试测得最高燃烧压力峰为0.51 MPa，平均升压速率0.61 MPa·s^-1，表现出优异的燃烧性能；热力学模拟显示产物平均分子量为29 g·mol^-1，燃烧较充分；DSC-TG显示硼在n-B/NC/F_...     

液滴微流控技术制备亚微米级HNS基PBX复合微球

为了获得形状规则、流散性好和粒径均一的球形化造型粉,采用液滴微流控技术,研究了不同黏结剂对2,2’,4,4’,6,6’-六硝基二苯基乙烯(HNS)复合微球性能的影响。分别选取氟橡胶(F₂₆₀₄)、硝化棉(NC)和聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(GAP)对亚微米HNS进行球形化造粒制备,成功制备出亚微米级HNS/F₂₆₀₄(95/5)、HNS/NC(95/5)和HNS/GAP(95/5)复合微球。通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、比表面积、热分析仪、真密度测试仪和机械感度测试仪等对微球进行测试和表征。结果表明：3种黏结剂均能制得球形度高、单分散性好、粒径分布窄的HNS复合微球,平均圆形度分别为0.934,0.915,0.925,D₅₀分别为45.39,58.68,45.43μm(跨度均小于0.55),热分解峰温分别为354.44,349.53,339.37℃。球形化过程使微球真密度分别增加到1.9408,1.9383,1.9204 g·cm^-3,有效提高了HNS装药性能。微球堆积形成的锥角分别为27°,24.3°,24°...     

低温制备Al_2Cu合金

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以Cu(NO3)2·3H2O为铜源制备Cu2(OH)3NO3溶胶,在刚形成溶胶时加入添加了PEG-2000的Al粉/乙醇溶液,真空干燥后350℃煅烧,制得Al2Cu合金。利用XRD和SEM等分析手段对该方法制得的产物的成分、晶体结构以及微观形貌进行了表征。结果表明,该方法制备的Al2Cu为四方晶系颗粒,并且是在Al颗粒表面上进行反应,从而形成了以Al为核、Cu为壳体的Al2Cu核壳结构。     

NC/PEG共混体系组分间的相互作用及其微观结构

用溶液共混法制备了硝化纤维素/聚乙二醇(NC/PEG)共混物,采用红外光谱和偏光显微镜表征了共混物两组分的相互作用和共混体系微观结构。结果表明,NC与PEG分子间存在较强的相互作用,PEG以碎晶的形式分布在共混体系中。用分子动力学模拟研究了NC和PEG分子间的相互作用机理,通过介观动力学模拟得到共混体系微观结构及密度分布图,两种模拟结果与实验结果均保持较高的一致性。表明,分子动力学和介观动力学模拟能表征NC/PEG体系分子间相互作用和微观结构。     

直列式爆炸箔点火及相关技术研究进展

从直列式点火系统构成、许用点火药硼-硝酸钾（Boron-Potassium Nitrate,BPN）的燃烧机理和新制备工艺以及国内外直列式爆炸箔点火相关标准三个方面,综述了直列式爆炸箔点火及相关技术的发展现状及应用。直列式点火系统有多功能多任务需求,因此作为控制模块的电子安全与解除安保装置呈现出编程寻址、多点协同的发展趋势,系统中各元件通过小型化和低能化减少系统装置所占空间。BPN通过新制备工艺进行组分粒度微纳米化,生成核壳结构,优化BPN燃烧性能、吸湿性和安定性等。总结并对比了国内外直列式爆炸箔点火相关标准。分析了直列式爆炸箔点火尚需研究的问题：冲击片直接点火BPN机理和BPN组分粒度对冲击点火感度的影响;BPN隔板点火的影响因素和规律;多种隔板点火结构的性能比较;BPN新制备方法及其对性能的优化。     

空心结构的Al/PTFE基反应材料构筑及其燃烧性能

为探究结构对铝/聚四氟乙烯(Al/PTFE)基反应材料燃烧性能的影响,提高氟基铝热剂燃烧性能,利用增材制造技术,制备了实心、空心、核壳结构和限域空心结构的Al/PTFE基反应材料以及限域空心结构的铝/氧化铜(Al/CuO)、铝/氧化铁(Al/Fe₂O₃)基反应材料,并采用扫描电子显微镜、差示扫描量热仪、高速摄影仪和恒容燃烧仪对其微观结构、热性能、燃烧速率以及产气性能进行了研究。结果表明：各样品结构完整,组分均匀;核壳结构和限域空心结构的样品放热量比同质量的实心结构和空心结构的样品低;空心、核壳结构和限域空心结构的样品的燃速分别为实心结构样品的1.44、1.32倍和2.62倍;空心结构和限域空心结构的样品的产气性能与增压速率获得明显提高,其中限域空心结构的样品提升最明显;Al/PTFE基、Al/CuO基和Al/Fe₂O₃基的限域空心结构材料燃速比其实心结构均有着明显的提升,该结构对Al/Fe₂O₃材料燃速提升最明显。制备空心结构材料来调控线条的燃烧性能有望对...     

微流控技术制备叠氮化铅起爆药及其改性

针对常规叠氮化铅(Pb(N₃)₂,LA,Lead Azide)制备工艺存在自爆风险等问题,采用旋T型微流控芯片提供的微通道作为微反应器,借助其分子间扩散距离短、比表面积大、连续流动等特点,在微通道反应器内制备了微纳米尺度的LA起爆药,并使用聚焦型液滴微流控芯片对制备的LA起爆药进行了球形化改性处理。研究了反应物流速、有机溶剂、晶型控制剂等因素对产物的影响,并采用SEM、XRD、DSC等手段对产物进行了表征,对比了微流LA、微球LA与常规粉末LA的感度及爆炸性能。结果表明,通过控制微流控反应参数,可有效控制LA起爆药产物粒径,且制备的LA起爆药均为α型晶体;LA起爆药经球形化改性后,显著提高了其撞击感度H₅₀(25.5 cm到12.1 cm)、降低了静电火花感度E₅₀(1.98 kV到2.97 kV)和火焰感度L₅₀(26.3 cm到16.1 cm),同时提高了爆压(升高63.6%)。基于微流控技术的LA起爆药制备和改性是一种安全高效方法,为敏感起爆药的可控制备和调控提供了新思路...     

RDX基复合含能微球的制备及表征

以硝化棉(NC)为粘结剂、黑索今(RDX)为主体炸药,采用喷雾干燥法制备了RDX/NC超细复合含能微球,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)对其进行了表征及热分析,并与RDX原料进行了对比;对喷雾干燥法细化的RDX/NC和RDX、水悬浮法包覆的RDX/NC、溶剂非溶剂法细化的RDX、RDX原料的撞击感度分别进行了测试。结果表明,RDX/NC复合含能粒子与RDX原料相比,形貌从块状变为球形,粒径从50~200μm减小至0.5~7μm,晶型无变化,但X射线衍射峰明显弱化,活化能从200.11kJ·mol-1降至186.87kJ·mol-1,热爆炸临界温度从504.98K升至507.70K。喷雾干燥细化、球形化和复合的RDX/NC球形粒子的撞击感度降低显著。     

硅微通道板微加工技术研究

微通道板(MCP)是二维通道电子倍增器,广泛用于电子、离子、紫外辐射和X-射线的探测与成像。提出一种硅微通道板(Si-MCP)制备工艺,分别采用干法刻蚀和电化学腐蚀微加工技术制备了硅微通道阵列（SMA）。重点研究了硅感应耦合等离子体刻蚀和光电化学腐蚀的特性,结果表明：硅光电化学腐蚀技术易于制备高长径比微通道,微通道侧壁更光滑、可制备倾斜通道、更适合制备Si-MCP. 制备出通道周期为6 μm、长径比大于50的SMA结构。采用厚层氧化实现了Si-MCP基体绝缘,采用原子层沉积工艺制备了连续倍增极,制作出Si-MCP样品。测试结果表明,采用半导体微加工技术制备的Si-MCP电子增益特性具有可行性。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.