基于动力学模型的合成气完全甲烷化回路系统模拟分析

为了研究工艺条件对某甲烷化工业装置回路系统的影响,利用Aspen Plus软件建立了多级绝热甲烷化反应器回路系统动力学模型,动力学方程由Fortran编程嵌入模型中,模拟结果与实际运行值吻合较好。本文进而考察了不同工艺参数对甲烷化回路系统的影响,结果表明:循环比对各级反应器的出口温度、热点位置、出口气中CO_2及CH_4含量影响显著,但对产品气中CH_4含量影响较小;增大原料气流量,仅使各级反应器的热点位置后移,对各反应器出口温度、气体组成和产品气质量的影响可以忽略;提高进料温度,各级反应器的出口温度随之升高、出口气中CO_2含量增加、CH_4含量下降,产品气中CH_4含量略微降低;氢碳比的变化,对各级反应器出口气组成及产品气中CH_4含量影响显著,对第四反应器的出口温度影响也很大,但对第一至第三反应器的温度分布影响不大,氢碳比由2.8增至3.2,产品气CH_4含量呈先增大后减小的趋势,验证了氢碳比为3是甲烷化反应系统的最优值。     

中国专利

生产聚烯烃的方法 本发明公开了一种生产具有双峰型分子量分布聚乙烯的方法。该方法包括在第一回路反应器中在催化剂的存在下生产第一部分聚烯烃,在与第一回路反应器相串联并在其下游的第二回路反应器中生产第二部分聚烯烃;第一与第二聚烯烃部分在第二回路反应器中相掺合,而形成具有双峰型分子量分布的聚烯烃;至少第一回路反应器含有临界状态下的稀释剂且沿着该反应器循环,和其中至少第一反应器装有与回路相连通的絮状物浓缩装置并且其中第一部分的聚烯烃絮状物在临界状态下的稀释剂中被浓缩,并将第一部分的聚烯烃絮状物与一定最的临界状态下的稀释剂一起从第一回路反应器的絮状物浓缩装置输送到第二回路反应器中。     

聚丙烯生产Spherizone工艺技术浅析

介绍了Spherizone聚丙烯工艺技术,Spherizone工艺是在Spheripol工艺基础上开发的气相反应工艺,本工艺采用多区循环反应器技术,此技术的应用扩大了聚丙烯产品的生产范围,同时也提升了聚丙烯树脂的综合性能。分析了Spherizone工艺的技术特点及其比其它工艺所具有的优势。介绍了多区循环反应器(Muli-zone Circulation Reactor,简称MZCR)的反应原理,反应器的主要结构及作用,以及反应器相关的简单工艺控制。     

吉联(吉林)石油化学有限公司苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚通过省级鉴定

由吉联 (吉林 )石油化学有限公司开发成功的苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚近日通过吉林省经济贸易委员会组织的新产品鉴定。苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚产品是一类性能优良 ,应用广泛的非离子表面活性剂 ,是农药乳化剂的重要组分 ,每年国内需求量在千ｔ以上。吉联公司根据市场需求 ,充分利用自身原料来源及技术优势 ,开发和生产了该类产品。该产品生产是采用从国外引进的普利斯ＰＩ第 3代反应器 ,间歇法物料外循环工艺 ,由烷基酚和环氧乙烷加成反应制得。专家鉴定认为 :提供的技术资料齐全 ,符合鉴定要求。采用普利斯ＰＩ第 3代反应器建立的生产装置 ,…     

苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚通过鉴定

由吉化集团公司吉联 (吉林 )石油化学有限公司开发成功的苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚近日通过吉林省经济贸易委员会组织的新产品鉴定。苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚产品是一类性能优良、应用广泛的非离子表面活性剂 ,是农药乳化剂的重要组分 ,每年国内需求量在千吨以上。该产品采用从国外引进的普利斯 PI第 3代反应器 ,间歇法物料外循环工艺 ,由烷基酚和环氧乙烷加成反应制得。产品质量经用户使用效果良好 ,各项技术指标优于国内同类产品。该产品的生产 ,填补了省内空白。专家鉴定认为 :采用普利斯 PI第 3代反应器建立的生产装置 ,其工艺技术成熟、…     

煤制天然气甲烷化工艺全流程模拟研究

采用Aspen Plus模拟软件建立煤制天然气甲烷化工艺模型,通过研究循环比对主反应器出口温度、压缩机功耗和产品甲烷纯度的影响,以及原料气分配比(分流率)对主反应器出口温度的影响,模拟计算得到适宜的循环比和分流率、反应器操作压力和产品甲烷纯度的关系等结果,为煤制天然气甲烷化工艺设计提供参考。     

Spheripol工艺生产高抗冲聚丙烯

介绍了Spheripol工艺生产高抗冲聚丙烯产品的方法,采用两步复合工艺生产嵌段聚丙烯,第1步采用环管反应器进行丙烯液相均聚反应,第2步采用流化床反应器进行丙烯均聚物与乙烯单体气相共聚反应,即在气相反应器中,利用来自环管反应器中的均聚物的残余活性,加入乙烯和补充的丙烯及氢气实现乙-丙共聚,共聚物的生成使最终产品的抗冲性能大大提高,尤其是低温下的抗冲性能。     

聚丙烯装置开工前安全审查

一、装置简介 大连石化分公司20万t聚丙烯装置是大连石化分公司“十五”发展计划中的一个配套项目,设计能力20万t／a。该装置采用意大利Basell公司的Spheripol二代聚丙烯工艺技术,与Spheripol一代工艺相比较,有了较大的改进与提高。工艺技术采用第四代催化剂体系,通过应用双环管结构的聚合反应器,可生产一些新牌号的产品。预聚合和聚合反应器的设计压力等级提高,使新牌号的性能更好,老牌号的产品性能得以改进,也更利于对形态、等规度和分子量的控制。本装置由意大利TECNIMONT公司负责基础设计,     

新型光氧化工艺净化氯代烃废水

德国Prosys Gmbh公司正在开发一种光催化工艺，可以氧化不能生物降解的有机污染物，如酚、氯苯、聚氯联苯等。与需要紫外线灯和消耗电能的其他光氧化过程不同，新工艺采用来自阳光的可见光辐射。废水物流连续进入管式回路反应器，底部注入的空气使液体和催化剂沿中心向上循环，并沿反应器壁向下循环。催化剂是支撑在球型载体上的叶绿素类染料。     

一种聚烯烃工艺将实现工业化

阿姆斯特丹BasellPolyolefins公司正在意大利Brinidisi改进一座１８０kt／a聚丙烯工厂。据Basell研究和开发中心的副经理MassimoCovezzi介绍，催化剂用量不变，可实现产量翻番，比传统的流化床反应器节能大约６０％。该工艺是由Basell和BASFAG公司去年组建的合资企业MontellPolyolefinsBV公司开发出来的。据以前报道，工艺使用单一的多区循环反应器用于气相聚合，替代２台串联的流化床反应器。Covezzi称，新工艺可以生产更多的卤化产品，因为在通过反应器的５０～１００环期间，聚合层的形成比在２个独立反应器的２段反应中缓慢得多…     

Stofftrennung mit überkritischen Gasen (Gasextraktion)

Mass separation with supercritical gases (gas extraction) . The solvent power of dense gases is considered with ongoing interest for use in technical processes. A great number of gaseous solvents are available, especially if solvent mixtures are included. These solvents can be used in one-stage or multiple-stage processes, running batchwise or continuously in countercurrent process. Design the equipment and simulation of the process requires correlation of the underlying phase equilibria. Remarkable progress has been achieved in this field. In some cases data on mass transfer have also been published. Several companies supply turnkey plants or specialized equipment from laboratory to pilot scale. Commercial plants are used extracting natural products and mineral oil residue processing.     

Methyl ester propoxylates

Insertion of propylene oxide into methyl esters is accomplished using a proprietary alkoxylation catalyst. The alkoxylation mechanism is believed to involve transesterification between the alkoxylated metal-alkoxide of the catalyst and the ester. Optimal alkoxylation conditions are discussed. The effect of inserting propylene oxide prior to ethoxylation on surface properties and foam performance is examined. Presented at the annual meeting of the American Oil Chemists' Society, Seattle, WA, May 1997.     

EO反应器与汽包的布置及配管

2010年国内的EO/EG装置已有两套相继开车。该装置中EO反应器是其核心设备。为了撤去反应热,EO反应器与汽包在布置上需尽量靠近,在管道设计方面管道的布置、支吊架的设置需完全对称且管道尽可能短,这样才能满足工艺上的各种要求。     

Cocurrent Downflow Fluidized Bed Dryer: Experimental Equipment and Modeling

Product damage, high energy consumption, and nonhomogeneous final properties are present in typical drying operations such as pneumatic drying, fluidized-bed dryers, and upward circulating fluidized-bed dryers. The downer bed has been shown to be a good technique for this processes. The objective of this work is to test an experimental downflow dryer and model its operation. The equipment consists of a 5-m-high stainless steel duct with 0.17 m i.d. Gas velocity was varied between 0.3 and 8 m/s in co-current solid flow varying between 0 and 50 kg/m²s. Drying rates, pressures, and total flux for solid and gas are determined. Temperature profiles for gas and solid along the radial and axial directions are determined and tested with model predictions. The solid particles were previously dried turnip (Brassica napus) seeds. The equipment shows good operational conditions and facilities for parameter determination, but must be complemented with better equipment for particle concentration determinations. The model's predictions of pressure, gas velocity, solid concentration, and temperature are compared with our experimental values or those reported in the literature.     

我国有色金属及烟气制酸的现状和发展趋势

介绍2004年我国10种常用有色金属生产情况,铜、铅、锌、镍冶炼及相应冶炼烟气制酸工艺水平现状.近年来,我国冶炼烟气制酸大型化得到较快发展,国产大型设备已在一些硫酸装置中得以应用.但我国冶炼烟气制酸与国外相比,在低温废热回收和部分设备、材料等方面仍存在一些差距.分析今后两年我国有色金属生产情况,预计2005-2006年冶炼烟气制酸生产能力将增加约6 000kt/a.     

Cocurrent Downflow Fluidized Bed Dryer: Experimental Equipment and Modeling

ABSTRACT

Product damage, high energy consumption, and nonhomogeneous final properties are present in typical drying operations such as pneumatic drying, fluidized-bed dryers, and upward circulating fluidized-bed dryers. The downer bed has been shown to be a good technique for this processes. The objective of this work is to test an experimental downflow dryer and model its operation. The equipment consists of a 5-m-high stainless steel duct with 0.17 m i.d. Gas velocity was varied between 0.3 and 8 m/s in co-current solid flow varying between 0 and 50 kg/m²s. Drying rates, pressures, and total flux for solid and gas are determined. Temperature profiles for gas and solid along the radial and axial directions are determined and tested with model predictions. The solid particles were previously dried turnip (Brassica napus) seeds. The equipment shows good operational conditions and facilities for parameter determination, but must be complemented with better equipment for particle concentration determinations. The model's predictions of pressure, gas velocity, solid concentration, and temperature are compared with our experimental values or those reported in the literature.     

Modern technologies for protecting the environment from wastes of the glass industry

A way to create resource- and power-saving technological processes, equipment, and plants that meets modern ecological requirements is suggested. The engineering solutions have been successfully tested and installed in some enterprises.     

Dividing wall column for industrial multi purpose use

Dividing wall columns (DWC) for the distillation of multicomponent mixtures have received much attention in the past 15 years and have experienced a booming development. Since DWC demand higher efforts in equipment design and process control they are predominantly used in continuously operated dedicated production plants and spread only over a limited number of chemical companies. No open literature can be found where DWC are used in multi-purpose plants. The distillation equipment in those plants, typically batch wise operated, has to show a high degree of flexibility – an attribute that hardly seems to fit for dividing wall columns. Lonza set up the worldwide first multi-purpose DWC on the production site in Visp that fully meets the demands of a steadily changing production environment characterized by several different production campaigns, processes and products produced in the same plant throughout a year.This paper reports on the equipment design and the specific technical solutions that had to be implemented in order to satisfy the harsh specifications of multi-purpose production. Particular attention is put on the modelling and simulation of the column and the control scheme that has been applied. The paper contributes a new approach for setting up a flowsheet simulation that overcomes the frequently occurring problems in convergence and enhances robustness of the simulation.Since the launch of the column several different processes were successfully operated in this equipment. In each single case we directly transferred the process concept from simulation to the plant without piloting. The launch and operation of the column are explained in detail and finally the simulation results are compared to real operation data from the production.     

Study of the efficiency of technical grade nonionic surfactants

Parameters concerning the microemulsion phase behavior of nonionic surfactants of the alkyl polyglycol ether type have extensively been investigated in the last years. By studying these, essential parameters for future applications can be determined. Especially in the field of enhanced oil recovery, lubricants, and cosmetic applications these parameters are of special interest. In this work, the influence of technical grade nonionic surfactants on the phase behavior and the resulting surfactant efficiency has been studied. For this, the alkyl chain length, the degree, type, and order of alkoxylation of the surfactant have been varied. The investigation of these parameters has been conducted by measuring the phase behavior via the Kahlweit fish diagram. It has been found that varying the C-chain length has a great impact on the efficiency, whereas the influence of the ethoxylation degree is minor. By the introduction of propylene oxide, the efficiency has been improved significantly. Additionally, it is important to have the right order of alkoxylation. If the fatty alcohol is first ethoxylated and afterwards propoxylated the efficiency is significantly decreased.     

Fettalkoholethoxylate mit eingeengter Homologenverteilung - Entwicklung neuer Alkoxylierungskatalysatoren

Fatty Alcohol Ethoxylates with Narrow Range Homologue-Distribution - Development of New Catalysts for Alkoxylation Fatty alcohol ethoxylates are most important within the group of nonionic surfactants. They are manufactured by acid or basic catalyzed reaction of fatty alcohols with ethylenoxide. The product composition, particularly the homologue distribution, depends on the nature of catalyst. Basic catalysts, which are widely used in technical processes, yield products with a broad range homologue distribution. Three new catalysts for alkoxylation are presented, which yield fatty alcohol ethoxylates with narrow-range homologue distribution. These narrow-range ethoxylates exhibit new interesting properties.