12种脂肪酸的分子连接性指数与其气相色谱保留值的相关关系研究

对月桂酸、豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生酸、花生烯酸、山嵛酸、芥酸、α-桐酸、蓖麻油酸等12种脂肪酸的气相色谱保留值与其化学结构的关系进行了探讨。计算了这些脂肪酸的部分分子连接性指数。采用多元线性拟合法,求出了各脂肪酸分子中各种碳原子的个数及分子连接性指数与其气相色谱保留关系的回归方程,得到了复相关系数≥0.99,F检验值远高于临界值的回归方程,方程预测的色谱保留值与文献值一致。     

迎春花脂肪酸成分的GC/MS分析

采用乙醚提取迎春花脂肪酸,再经过甲酯化后,通过气相色谱/质谱联用技术分析脂肪酸的组成。共检出九种脂肪酸成分,主要成分分别为棕榈酸(29.27%)、亚油酸(19.75%)、二十碳三烯酸(16.63%)和十四(烷)酸(14.69%)。     

正常小鼠和肿瘤小鼠毛发中长链脂肪酸含量测定及比较

以正十七酸为内标 ,氯化氢 甲醇抽提和酯化 ,对正常、肿瘤、抗肿瘤小鼠毛发中长链脂肪酸——豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、油酸、硬脂酸和亚油酸进行毛细管柱气相色谱定量分析和比较。结果显示 :肿瘤小鼠或抗肿瘤小鼠毛发中长链脂肪酸含量明显升高 ,不饱和长链脂肪酸比例升高而饱和长链脂肪酸比例下降 ,提示毛发中不饱和长链脂肪酸尤其亚油酸与生物体内肿瘤的发生和存在有密切关系。本实验方法简单 ,所需样品量少 ,实验重现性好 ,回收率达定量分析要求。     

灵芝孢子油脂肪酸组分分析

脂肪酸含量差异是目前油种真伪鉴别的主要方法,采用气相色谱(GC)法对灵芝孢子油脂肪酸组分进行了分析。结果显示:灵芝孢子油中检出15种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸占22.931%,主要为棕榈酸(15.729%)、硬脂酸(3.734%)和十七碳酸(1.402),不饱和脂肪酸占76.977%,主要为油酸(63.027%)和亚油酸(12.809%)。同时对市售5个不同品牌灵芝孢子油(100%)软胶囊中油的脂肪酸组分进行了分析,发现其脂肪酸组成及含量比较接近,棕榈酸、十七碳酸、硬脂酸、油酸和亚油酸含量占95%以上,其中棕榈酸平均含量为15.181%,十七碳酸平均含量为1.423%,硬脂酸平均含量为3.722%,油酸平均含量为63.444%,亚油酸含量为13.189%。     

怒江漆油中高级脂肪酸成分

对云南怒江漆油 (漆树籽油 )进行皂化得到了漆油的总脂肪酸 ,将总脂肪酸甲酯化得到总脂肪酸甲酯 ,用GC MS联用仪测定了所含高级脂肪酸的成分 ,结果表明云南怒江漆树油中高级脂肪酸分别为棕榈酸、油酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、二十烷二酸。其中 ,棕榈酸的质量分数高达 76.9%。     

两种不同定量方法对比分析青稞籽粒中的脂肪酸含量

通过气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)测定青稞籽粒中的脂肪酸含量,用外标法与峰面积归一法两种方法,进行对比定量分析。青稞籽粒脂肪酸种类丰富,以不饱和脂肪酸为主,青稞籽粒中多不饱和脂肪酸为60.18%。青稞籽粒中4种脂肪酸含量:亚油酸棕榈酸油酸硬脂酸。     

柚子籽的脂肪酸组成与含量分析

通过气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)测定柚子籽中的脂肪酸含量,用外标法与峰面积归一法两种方法,进行对比定量分析。柚子籽脂肪酸种类丰富,以不饱和脂肪酸为主,柚子籽中不饱和脂肪酸为67.42%。柚子籽中4种脂肪酸含量:亚油酸棕榈酸油酸硬脂酸。     

鞣花酸的检测及其在化妆品中的应用

综述了鞣花酸的检测方法及其在化妆品中的应用。重点比较了植物样品中鞣花酸测定的不同前处理和高效液相色谱方法以及如何将上述方法借鉴到化妆品中鞣花酸的检测之中,并概述了液相色谱-质谱法定性确证的技术;介绍了鞣花酸在化妆品中的使用情况和其美白、抗老化和收敛等作用;最后展望了化妆品中鞣花酸的应用前景。     

鲩鱼脂肪酸的组成及其含量的GC-MS分析

采用气相色谱-质谱法分析了鲩鱼中脂肪酸的化学组成及各成分的含量。鲩鱼中的脂肪经石油醚提取、酸碱结合法甲酯化、GC-MS测定、总离子流图峰面积归一化法测定各组分相对含量。鲩鱼中检出26种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸含量为38.46%,不饱和脂肪酸61.54%。,含量较高的脂肪酸是亚麻油酸31.83%,油酸29.89%,棕榈油酸11.36%。     

外标法与峰面积归一法对比分析番木瓜籽中的脂肪酸含量

通过气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)测定番木瓜籽中的脂肪酸含量,用外标法与峰面积归一法两种方法,进行对比定量分析。木瓜籽脂肪酸种类丰富,以不饱和脂肪酸为主,木瓜籽中单不饱和脂肪酸为77.56%。木瓜籽中四种脂肪酸含量:油酸棕榈酸硬脂酸亚油酸。     

Oxidative stability of soybean oils with altered fatty acid compositions

The oxidative stabilities of one canola oil and six soybean oils of various fatty acid compositions were compared in terms of peroxide values, conjugated dienoic acid values and sensory evaluations. Two of the soybean oils (Hardin and BSR 101) were from common commercial varieties. The other four soybean oils were from experimental lines developed in a mutation breeding program at Iowa State University that included A17 with 1.5% linolenate and 15.2% palmitate; A16 with 2% linolenate and 10.8% palmitate; A87-191039 with 2% linolenate and 29.6% oleate; and A6 with 27.5% stearate. Seed from the soybean genotypes was cold pressed. Crude canola oil was obtained without additives. All oils were refined, bleached and deodorized under laboratory conditions with no additives and stored at 60°C for 15 days. The A17, A16, A87-191039 and A6 oils were generally more stable to oxidation than the commercial soybean varieties and canola oil as evaluated by chemical and sensory tests. Canola oil was much less stable than Hardin and BSR 101 oils by both chemical and sensory tests. The peroxide values and flavor scores of oils were highly correlated with the initial amounts of linolenate (r=0.95, P=0.001). Flavor quality and flavor intensity had negative correlations with linolenate, (r=−0.89, P=0.007) and (r=−0.86, P=0.013), respectively.     

天然脂肪酸及其聚合物

简介天然脂肪酸的性质及国内外的生产、消耗水平；重点介绍一烯酸中的油酸的来源、古量、用途，还介绍天然脂肪酸聚合物二聚酸的结构、性质、生产工艺、品种、质量、用途、市场等。     

脂肪酸甘油酯磺酸盐的合成

以α-磺酸脂肪酸甲酯和甘油为原料,经酯交换及中和反应合成了脂肪酸甘油酯磺酸盐。得到较佳的反应条件为:四氯化碳作溶剂,n(α-磺酸脂肪酸甲酯)∶n(甘油)=1∶5,75℃反应4 h,高效液相色谱分析α-磺酸脂肪酸甲酯的转化率可达66.33%。采用红外光谱和质谱确证了脂肪酸甘油酯磺酸盐的结构,结果表明,反应产物中除了含有单脂肪酸甘油酯磺酸盐外,还含有脂肪酸甲酯磺酸盐和二脂肪酸甘油酯磺酸盐。     

富里酸诱导对三角褐指藻EPA合成积累的影响

探究不同富里酸作用浓度对三角褐指藻二十碳五烯酸（EPA）合成积累的影响。结果表明,在20 mg/L富里酸诱导下,三角褐指藻EPA含量和产量均达到最大值,为19.81 g/100 g和738.91 mg/L,较无富里酸诱导EPA含量和产量分别提高2.01和2.54倍。外源富里酸作用提高了三角褐指藻胞内过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）酶活,使得色素和多酚抗氧化组分比例增加,活性氧（ROS）和丙二醛（MDA）水平降低,整体抗氧化能力获得显著提升,有效阻抑EPA的氧化分解;富里酸作用同时还上调了EPA合成通路脱饱和酶（Δ5-FADS、Δ6-FADS、Δ12-FADS、Δ15-FADS、Δ17-FADS）和延长酶（Δ6-ELOVL）等系列关键酶,使其上调表达量较无富里酸作用分别增加1.27、1.81、1.24、1.45、1.43和1.46倍,为EPA高效合成积累提供前驱物和能量。富里酸作用效果协同强化了三角褐指藻EPA合成积累效率。     

富里酸诱导对三角褐指藻EPA合成积累的影响

探究不同富里酸质量浓度对三角褐指藻二十碳五烯酸(EPA)合成积累的影响。结果表明，在质量浓度20 mg/L富里酸诱导下，三角褐指藻EPA含量和产量均达到最大值，为19.81 g/100 g和738.91 mg/L，较无富里酸诱导EPA含量和产量分别提高1.12和1.50倍。外源富里酸作用提高了三角褐指藻胞内过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的酶活，使色素(叶绿素、类胡萝卜素)和总多酚抗氧化组分比例增加，活性氧(ROS)和丙二醛(MDA)水平降低，整体抗氧化能力获得显著提升，有效阻抑EPA的氧化分解；富里酸作用同时还上调了EPA合成通路去饱和酶(Δ⁵-FADS、Δ⁶-FADS、Δ¹²-FADS、Δ¹⁵-FADS、Δ¹⁷-FADS)和延长酶(Δ⁶-ELOVL)等系列关键酶，使其上调表达量较无富里酸作用分别增加0.33、0.94、0.33、0.58、1.15和0.70倍，为EPA高效合成积累提供前驱物和能量。     

生物柴油在精细化学品领域的应用

论述了生物柴油(即脂肪酸甲酯)代替脂肪酸在制造精细化工品上的优势,并列举了生物柴油在表面活性剂工业、塑料助剂、醇酸树脂、皮革化学品上的应用。指出了用生物柴油代替脂肪酸具有成本低廉、工艺简化的优点,并可提高生物柴油的应用价值,具有广阔的应用前景。     

Digestibility of fatty acid monomers,dimers and polymers in the rat

This study was designed to determine digestibilities of fatty acid monomers, dimers and polymers as components of diets containing thermally oxidized oils. Male Wistar rats were fed semipurified diets supplemented with unheated, heated and a 1:1 mixture of unheated/heated olive oils at 6, 12 and 20% w/w of diet. In a 14-d experimental period, fecal lipids were extracted and analyzed by a combination of adsorption and high-performance size-exclusion chromatographies. Thus, it was possible to separate and quantitate five groups of fatty acids—nonpolar monomers, oxidized monomers, nonpolar dimers, oxidized dimers and polymers. Nonpolar fatty acid monomers showed high digestibilities, although significantly influenced by the alteration level of the dietary oil. The apparent absorption of oxidized fatty acid monomers averaged 76.6%. Among polymeric fatty acids, the lowest digestibilities were found for nonpolar dimers (10.9% on average), whereas oxidized dimers and polymers possessed higher apparent absorbability than expected, ranging from 22.7% to 49.6%. Chemical modifications prior to absorption, leading to less complex products, may have contributed to enhanced digestibility of polymers.     

Determination of vernolic acid content in the oil ofEuphorbia lagascae by gas and supercritical fluid chromatography

Determination of the content of vernolic acid (12,13-epoxy-9c-octadecenoic) in the oil ofEuphorbia lagascae has been performed by gas chromatography of the fatty acid methyl ester derivatives of the triacylglycerols in the oil and by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) of the raw oil and the fatty acid derivatives of the oil. The content of vernolic acid was found to be 55 wt%. The three methods were compared, and SFC analysis of the fatty acid derivatives was found to be the most accurate method.     

Simultaneous Determination of Free Fatty Acids and Esterified Fatty Acids in Rice Oil by Gas Chromatography

Free fatty acids (FFA) in crude rice oil were selectively and stoichiometrically derivatized to fatty acid N,N-dimethylamides (FADMA) by catalytic condensation at 45 °C, and then esterified fatty acids (eFA) were directly converted to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) at 37 °C. The mixture of FADMA and FAME formed in a single test tube was injected into the capillary column of a gas chromatograph (GC). No mutual contamination occurred between FFA and eFA, and reliability of the method was confirmed by comparison between GC data obtained by this method and by a conventional isolation method. The advantages of the present method are that no FFA isolation procedures are required, the reactions proceed under mild temperature conditions, and FFA and eFA can be analyzed simultaneously by GC.     

Stabilisation of the Fatty Acid Decarboxylase from Chlorella variabilis by Caprylic Acid

The fatty acid photodecarboxylase from Chlorella variabilis NC64 A (CvFAP) catalyses the light-dependent decarboxylation of fatty acids. Photoinactivation of CvFAP still represents one of the major limitations of this interesting enzyme en route to practical application. In this study we demonstrate that the photostability of CvFAP can easily be improved by the administration of medium-chain length carboxylic acids such as caprylic acid indicating that the best way of maintaining CvFAP stability is ‘to keep the enzyme busy’.