超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定毒蘑菇中5种强毒性蘑菇毒素含量

目的建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速检测毒蘑菇中α-鹅膏毒肽、β-鹅膏毒肽、γ-鹅膏毒肽、羧基二羟鬼笔毒肽和二羟鬼笔毒肽5种强毒性蘑菇毒素含量的分析方法。方法样品经甲醇/水(3:7, V:V)混合液超声提取,离心后取上清液过0.22μm微孔滤膜,C18色谱柱分离,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪上采用多反应监测正离子模式测定,外标法定量检测。结果蘑菇样本中检测出α-鹅膏毒肽、β-鹅膏毒肽、γ-鹅膏毒肽和羧基二羟鬼笔毒肽4种蘑菇毒素,浓度分别为164、198、33、2208 mg/kg。结论本方法快速简便、准确,可用于因蘑菇毒素引起的食物中毒应急检测。     

分散固相萃取结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定毒蘑菇中的6种野生蘑菇毒素

目的 建立一种分散固相萃取结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)测定毒蘑菇中α-鹅膏毒肽、?-鹅膏毒肽、γ-鹅膏毒肽、二羟基鬼笔毒肽、羧基二羟基鬼笔毒肽、羧基三羟基鬼笔毒肽的分析方法。方法 样品混合C18分散剂经甲醇提取后离心,取上清液+0.2%甲酸水(2+8)混合,通过C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm),以5 mmol/L甲酸铵水溶液和甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱,用UPLC-MS/MS法进行定性、定量分析。结果 α-鹅膏毒肽、?-鹅膏毒肽、γ-鹅膏毒肽、二羟基鬼笔毒肽、羧基二羟基鬼笔毒肽、羧基三羟基鬼笔毒肽在10~100 μg/L浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)均大于0.999,检出限为0.10~0.60 mg/kg,定量限为0.30~2.00 mg/kg,平均回收率为72.92%~101.6%,精密度相对偏差在2.1%~9.0%之间。     

血浆和尿液中6 种鹅膏毒肽和鬼笔毒肽的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定

建立同时检测血浆和尿液中鹅膏毒肽和鬼笔毒肽的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法。采用模仿人食用有毒野生菌的模式给药实验豚鼠,毒素经过胃肠道首过效应后,利用该方法检测两类毒素在豚鼠血浆和尿液中代谢规律。对实验豚鼠灌胃给药,α-鹅膏毒肽、β-鹅膏毒肽、羧基二羟鬼笔毒肽、二羟鬼笔毒肽的剂量分别为1.0、0.486、0.079、0.120?mg/kg（以体质量计）,并对给药后不同时间点采集的血液样品和2?h后的尿液样品进行鹅膏毒肽和鬼笔毒肽含量的检测。结果表明,所建方法血浆和尿液中鹅膏肽类毒素的检出限分别为1.0?μg/L和0.3?μg/L;在质量浓度为2～100?μg/L范围内进行3?个水平的加标实验,回收率均在76.8%～109.0%之间,相对标准偏差为1.30%～12.00%（n=6）;血浆中α-鹅膏毒肽和β-鹅膏毒肽均在给药2?h后血药质量浓度达到峰值,分别为14.6、7.24?μg/L,在第24小时处于检出限附近或者未检出;所有时间点的血浆均未检出鬼笔毒肽。在给药后第2小时的尿液中检出全部4?种（α-AMA、β-AMA、PHD和PCD）蘑菇毒素,质量浓度在45.9～1?905?μg/L之间。     

亲水液相色谱-串联四极杆飞行时间质谱法同时测定野生蘑菇中α-鹅膏毒肽与2种精神紊乱型毒素

文章建立了亲水液相色谱-串联四极杆飞行时间质谱法同时测定野生蘑菇中α-鹅膏毒肽与2种精神紊乱型毒素的分析方法。样品经去离子水提取、低温高速离心后,用1%甲酸-乙腈稀释,上清液过膜后用ACQUITY BEH Amide柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)分离,全信息串联质谱正离子模式检测。在1～100 ng/mL的线性范围内,3种毒素的相关系数为0.9969～0.9998,检出限在5～25 mg/kg之间,定量限在15～75 mg/kg之间;在3个加标水平下平均回收率为70.3%～104.1%,相对标准偏差为0.1%～4.4%(n=6)。该方法快速准确,适合于野生蘑菇中3种不同类型毒素的同时分析检测。     

分散固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定野生菌中6种鹅膏毒肽和鬼笔毒肽毒素

目的 建立分散固相萃取(dispersive solid-phase extraction, DSPE)前处理方法和超高效液相色谱—串联质谱法（ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS）快速测定野生菌中6种鹅膏毒肽类和鬼笔毒肽类毒素的含量。方法干燥后的样品经酸化甲醇超声提取后,采用石墨化碳黑(graphitized carbon black, GBC)、C18和N-丙基乙二胺(primary secondary amine, PSA)吸附净化,UPLC-MS/MS检测。结果6种毒肽在20~1000μg/kg范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数大于0.998。方法检出限为20μg/kg,定量限为50μg/kg。在加标水平为50、250、500μg/kg时,方法的平均回收率为78.9%~115.5%,相对标准偏差为1.6%~6.8%。结论该方法准确可靠,可操作性强,适用于野生菌中6种毒肽的检测。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定云南野生致命鹅膏菌中的毒伞肽和毒肽毒素

目的建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)快速测定野生毒菌中的5种毒伞肽和毒肽毒素的分析方法。方法将采集的云南野生致命鹅膏菌子实体低温干燥,用甲醇提取,SPE-C_(18)固相萃取小柱净化,Waters T3色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)分离,串联质谱ESI正离子模式下进行定性定量分析。结果 5种毒肽和毒伞肽在20～1000μg/kg范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.99,方法检出限均为20μg/kg。α-毒伞肽、β-毒伞肽、γ-毒伞肽、二羟基毒肽、羟基毒肽在高低2个浓度的平均回收率范围分别为89.2%～110.6%、88.5%～109.3%、90.1%～112.3%、92.6%～107.8%、91.6%～105.2%,变异系数(coefficient of variation,CV)在3.2%～5.6%之间。在云南野生致命鹅膏菌中检测出α-毒伞肽(α-amanitin)、β-毒伞肽(β-amanitin)、羟基毒肽(phallacidin),含量分别为794.84、501.23、230.96 mg/kg。结论该方法使用固相萃取小柱净化样品,减少了试剂的用量,串联质谱可同时对毒肽和毒伞肽毒素进行定性定量检测,提高了定性检测的准确性和定量检测的灵敏度。     

一起误食毒蘑菇引起6人死亡的食物中毒调查分析

目的对2015年发生的一起食用野生蘑菇中毒事件进行调查分析,明确其中毒原因及毒素类别。方法通过流行病学调查以及对患者血液、剩余食物进行实验室检测分析后,综合判断本次食物中毒原因。结果本次食物中毒为家庭聚集性食物中毒,暴露人数6人,全部发病并且死亡,临床症状表现为典型的食用有毒蘑菇后多脏器损害型症状,剩余食物蘑菇汤和菌体中均检出鹅膏毒肽和鬼笔毒肽两种毒素,但患者血液由于血液灌流后未检出鹅膏毒肽和鬼笔毒肽。结论本次食物中毒是由误食有毒野生蘑菇引起,为防范该类事件再次发生,应做好宣传教育,告知群众不采不食野生蘑菇,若发生食用野生蘑菇中毒情况及时就医治疗。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定野生蘑菇中的6种鹅膏肽类毒素

目的 建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS)测定野生蘑菇中6种鹅膏肽类毒素的含量。方法 干燥后的样品粉末经水提取后,提取液转移至固相萃取柱净化,采用ACQUITY UPLC BEH C_18色谱柱以5 mmol/L的甲酸铵水溶液和甲醇为流动相迚行梯度洗脱,流速为0.3mL/min,柱温40℃,采用多反应监测模式检测。结果 6种待测物在色谱图上全部做到基线分离,在20～1000μg/kg的范围内呈现良好的线性关系,检出限均达到20μg/kg,不同水平下的加标回收实验中各待测物的平均回收率为78.2%～95.7%,相对标准偏差为1.2%～5.2%。结论 该方法操作简单,灵敏度高,重复性好,适用于野生蘑菇中鹅膏肽类毒素的检测。     

贵州省一起灰花纹鹅膏中毒事件调查

目的 调查分析贵州省毕节市发生的一起灰花纹鹅膏中毒事件，为贵州省毒蘑菇中毒的诊断、调查、检测鉴定和防控提供数据支持。方法 采用流行病学调查方法分析该起事件流行病学特征，采用分子生物学方法对可疑野生蘑菇进行鉴定，采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法进行毒素检测。结果 该事件为食用自采野蘑菇共导致4人中毒，其中3人死亡。经流行病学调查和实验室检测，确定毒蘑菇为灰花纹鹅膏（Amanita fuliginea），α-鹅膏毒肽、β-鹅膏毒肽和二羟鬼笔毒肽毒素被检出。结论 该起毒蘑菇中毒由村民误采误食灰花纹鹅膏引起，开展针对性的健康教育对毒蘑菇中毒的预防控制具有重要意义。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道离子阱高分辨率质谱法快速筛查和确证动物源性食品中9种β-受体激动剂残留量

目的建立超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-orbitraphigh resolution mass spectrometry, UPLC-Q-Orbitrap)筛查和确证动物源性食品中9种β-受体激动剂残留量的分析方法。方法样品经乙腈提取, 150 mg PSA(乙二胺-N-丙基填料)粉末、50 mg C_(18)粉末和500 mg无水硫酸镁进行净化,正己烷去脂,用Waters Acquity BEH C_(18)柱(2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.7μm)分离,以0.1%甲酸-乙睛(V/V)和0.1%甲酸-水(V/V)进行梯度洗脱,在全扫描(Full MS)-数据依赖扫描(data dependent MS2)模式下进行检测。结果 9种β-受体激动剂残留量的精确质量相对偏差小于1.0×10~(-6),在0.5～10 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.997;检出限范围为0.2～0.5μg/kg;加标水平为0.5～5μg/kg时,方法回收率在74.3%～110.8%范围内,相对标准偏差低于12%。结论该方法简便、快速、准确,适用于动物源性食品中9种β-受体激动剂类药物的快速筛查和定量分析。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the