不确定近邻的协同过滤推荐算法

文中围绕传统的协同过滤推荐算法存在的局限性展开研究,提出一种不确定近邻的协同过滤推荐算法UNCF.根据推荐系统应用的实际情况,对于推荐的每一种场景其实都是不可预先确定的,而文中算法基于用户以及产品的相似性计算,自适应地选择预测目标的近邻对象作为推荐群,同时计算推荐群中推荐把握概率较高的信任子群,最后通过不确定近邻的动态度量方法,来对预测结果进行平衡的推荐.通过实验结果表明,该算法可以有效平衡用户群以及产品群推荐结果所带来的不稳定影响,有效缓解用户评分数据稀疏的情况所带来的问题,并在多个实验数据中,提高了推荐系统的预测准确率.     

流行度划分结合平均偏好权重的协同过滤个性化推荐算法

提出了一种考虑平均偏好权重的协同过滤个性化推荐算法。该算法分为邻域计算、数据集划分、偏好预测3个阶段。在邻域计算阶段,采用基于欧氏距离的KNN来确定邻域;同时对数据集按照其本身特点设定的流行度阈值进行划分;在预测评分时,对已有的邻域按照流行度选取部分项目,基于项目集的偏好相似度求解用户的平均偏好权重,据此对用户进行先后两次预测,再求平均结果。在Movielens 100K数据集上将所提算法与典型的余弦推荐算法、person推荐算法、基于项目偏好的协调过滤算法和用户属性加权活跃近邻的协同过滤算法进行比较实验,结果表明新算法在MAE上表现的更优秀。     

融合本体语义与用户属性的协同过滤算法

传统协同过滤推荐算法在处理海量数据时存在数据稀疏性和项目长尾效应,导致推荐精度较低。针对该问题,结合本体语义和用户属性,提出一种改进的协同过滤算法。利用本体计算项目之间的语义相似度,构建项目相似度矩阵,同时引入用户属性计算用户相似度矩阵。通过融合本体语义和用户属性形成用户-项目评分矩阵,并对该矩阵的预测评分进行加权处理,生成TOP-N推荐结果。实验结果表明,相比传统皮尔逊相似度计算协同过滤算法、基于本体语义的协同过滤算法和基于评分矩阵填充与用户兴趣的协同过滤算法,该算法的平均绝对误差较低,准确率较高,综合性能及新颖度较优。     

基于用户属性和项目类别的协同过滤算法

针对传统的协同过滤算法中数据稀疏性所导致的推荐系统推荐质量不高的问题,文章结合用户和产品背景信息,对其进行加权处理,提出了基于用户和产品信息加权的协同过滤算法.该方法首先计算基于用户属性的相似性和基于项目类别的相似性,然后将计算的结果作为加权值融合到传统的相似度计算中,弥补因为数据稀疏而造成不能准确地进行个性化推荐的不足,提供更多可参考数据进行精确推荐.实验结果表明,该算法能有效提高推荐质量,产生较好的推荐效果.     

基于用户-项目的混合协同过滤算法

针对传统协同过滤方法中存在的冷启动和数据稀疏等问题,结合基于用户的协同过滤和基于项目的协同过滤提出一种混合协同过滤算法。在相似度的计算中提出改进算法来提高相似度计算的精确度;在预测未评分值时引入控制因子、平衡因子进行加权综合预测,最后再进行综合推荐。实验过程中采用Movie Lens数据集作为测试数据,同时采用平均绝对误差作为实验的测试标准。实验结果表明,基于用户-项目混合协同过滤算法在评分矩阵极度稀疏的环境下提高了推荐的性能,并能有效提高预测的精度。     

基于动态k近邻的SlopeOne协同过滤推荐算法

协同过滤是个性化推荐系统中的常用技术, 数据稀疏性是影响协同过滤算法预测精度的主要因素。SlopeOne算法利用线性回归模型解决数据稀疏性问题。基于用户相似度的k近邻方法可以优化参与预测的用户评分数据的质量。在SlopeOne算法的基础上, 提出了一种动态k近邻和SlopeOne相结合的算法。首先根据用户之间相似度的具体情况动态地为每个用户选择不同数目的近邻用户, 然后利用近邻用户的评分数据生成项目之间的平均偏差, 最后利用线性回归模型进行预测。在MovieLens数据集上的实验结果表明, 改进算法在预测精度上比原SlopeOne算法有所提高, 能适应数据稀疏度更低的推荐系统, 并且与其他协同过滤算法相比, 推荐精度也具有明显优势。     

结合类别偏好的协同过滤推荐算法

推荐系统是针对如今信息过载现象的一种极为有效的方法,而协同过滤算法自提出以来就在推荐系统中得到了广泛的应用,但是这种方法也存在着推荐精度不高、难以处理稀疏数据等缺点。对此提出一种结合类别偏好的协同过滤推荐算法。在原算法计算用户相似度的基础上,结合用户类别偏好的相似度来计算近邻,从而得到推荐结果。实验结果表明,该方法能较为有效地结合用户的类别偏好,与传统的协同过滤算法相比,有更好的推荐效果。     

基于Spark的混合协同过滤算法改进与实现

针对传统协同过滤在推荐过程中存在的稀疏性、扩展性以及个性化问题,通过引入算法集成的思想,旨在优化和改进一种新型的基于Spark平台下的混合协同过滤。借鉴了Stacking集成学习思想,将多个弱推荐器线性加权组合,形成综合性强的推荐器。首先,算法基于近邻协同过滤,结合分类、流行度、好评度等对近邻相似度计算策略进行优化,旨在改善相似度的合理性以及相似度计算的复杂度,在一定程度上改善了评分稀疏性的问题;同时,该算法结合Spark分布式计算平台,充分借鉴分布式平台的优点,利用其流式处理以及分布式存储结构等特性,设计并实现一种推荐算法的增量迭型,解决协同过滤算法扩展性和实时性问题。实验数据采用UCI公用数据集MovieLens和NetFlix电影评分数据,实验结果表明,改进算法在推荐个性化、准确率以及扩展性上都有不错的表现,较以前同类型算法均有不同程度的提高,为推荐系统的应用提供一种可行的算法集成方案。     

一种改进的缺失数据协同过滤推荐算法

协同过滤推荐算法是推荐系统研究的热点,近年来,在亚马逊、淘宝等商业系统中获得应用。在实际应用过程中,协同过滤推荐面临数据稀疏和准确性低的问题。作为推荐基础的用户-产品(项目)矩阵通常非常稀疏(存在大量缺失数据),从而导致推荐结果不准确。文章试图在缺失数据情况下提高协同过滤推荐的准确性,聚焦以下两个方面:(1)用户相似度、产品(项目)相似度计算;(2)缺失数据预测。首先,用增强的皮尔森相关系数算法,通过增加参数,对相似度进行修正,提高用户、产品(项目)相似度计算的准确率。接着,提出一种同时考虑了用户和产品(项目)特征的缺失数据预测算法。算法中,对用户和产品(项目)分别设置相似度阈值,只有当用户或产品(项目)相似度达到阈值时,才进行缺失数据预测。预测过程中,同时使用用户和产品(项目)相似度信息,以提高准确度。在模型基础上,用淘宝移动客户端的数据集进行了验证,实验结果表明所提算法比其他推荐算法要优异,对数据稀疏性的鲁棒性要高。     

基于双边兴趣的社交网好友推荐方法研究

随着社交网的广泛流行,用户的数量也急剧增加,针对社交网络用户难以在海量用户环境中快速发现其可能感兴趣的潜在好友的问题,各种推荐算法应运而生,协同过滤算法便是其中最为成功的思想。然而目前的协同过滤算法普遍存在数据稀疏性和推荐精度低等问题,为此提出一种基于动态K-means聚类双边兴趣协同过滤好友推荐算法。该算法结合动态K-means算法对用户进行聚类以降低稀疏性,同时提出相似度可信值的概念调整相似度计算方法以提高相似度精度;利用调整后的相似度分别从用户的吸引与偏好两方面计算近邻用户集,综合考虑这两方面近邻对当前用户的择友影响来生成推荐列表。实验证明,相较于基于用户的协同过滤算法,该算法能有效提高系统的推荐精度与效率。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。