面向旅游在线评论情感词典构建方法

旅游在线评论情感分析的基础是情感词典的构建。在领域情感词典构建过程中,通常仅使用词频作为筛选种子词集的标准,而并未考虑其内部词语的关联程度,这会导致种子词集聚类效果不明显,进而影响情感词语归类精度。因此,基于词向量模型,提出一种情感词典种子词集筛选方法。该方法将情感词语以向量形式表征并计算词向量间距离,形成种子词集的筛选标准和分类依据,再通过类别判断形成在线评论的情感词典。最后,构建了山岳型旅游景区在线评论情感词典,并通过对比实验验证了方法的有效性,对提高情感词语归类精度和旅游在线评论情感词典的构建起到了积极的作用。     

基于注意力机制的评论情感分析及情感词检测

评论情感分析是用户生成内容分析的一个研究热点。评论对象的多样性与评论者用语的随意性,导致评论情感分析成为一个非常具有挑战性的任务。现有方法主要通过预先构建情感词表来计算评论的情感极性,但这类方法无法处理同一个词语在不同语境下情感极性存在差异的问题。针对这一问题,文中提出了一种基于注意力的卷积-递归神经网络模型,对评论的情感极性和词语在不同语境下的情感极性进行了建模。通过结合词语在句子中的上下文语境,所提方法可以将注意力集中在主要情感词周围的一个小范围内,并以一种自适应的方式对情感词的情感极性进行计算,提高了词语情感极性判断的准确率,进而提高了短文本的情感极性准确率。与CRNN,CNN以及基于情感词典的方法相比,所提方法在中文数据集(美团评论、党建评论)和英文数据集(亚马逊商品评论数据集)上都达到了更好的效果。     

产品评论中领域情感词典的构建

领域情感词典是情感分析最重要的基础。由于产品评论的数量巨大、领域众多,如何自动构建领域情感词典已经成为近年来的一个研究热点。该文提出了一个两阶段的领域情感词典构建算法。第一阶段,利用情感词间的点互信息和上下文约束,使用基于约束的标签传播算法构造基本情感词典;第二阶段,根据情感冲突的频率来识别领域相关情感词,并根据其上下文约束以及修饰的特征完善领域情感词典。实验结果表明,该方法在实际产品评论数据集上取得了较好的效果。
     

基于语义理解的中文博文倾向性分析

博客作为一种大众化的信息及文化载体被越来越多的人所接受,博客文本的情感倾向性分析也逐渐成为信息挖掘领域的热点。目前,文本倾向性分析的研究大都围绕普通文本、新闻评论进行,针对博客文本的特点,提出一种基于语义理解的博客文本倾向性分类方法。首先以HowNet情感词语集为基准,构建中文基础情感词典,并用中文词语相似度方法计算词语的情感权值,同时分析语义层副词的出现规律及其对文本倾向性判断的影响,最后利用博主的语言风格因素对倾向性结果进行修正实现博文的情感分类。实验表明,该方法能有效地判定博客文本情感倾向性。     

基于词典和弱标注信息的电影评论情感分析

针对评论文本情感分析研究中数据标注费时费力的问题,提出了一种新的数据自动标注方法。首先,通过基于情感词典的方法计算出评论文本的情感倾向;其次,利用用户评分的弱标注信息和基于词典方法的情感倾向对评论文本自动标注;最后,利用支持向量机（SVM）对评论文本进行情感分类。所提出的数据自动标注方法在两种类型数据集情感分类准确率上分别达到了77.2%和77.8%,相对于单一的利用用户评分对数据标注的方法,分别提高了1.7个百分点和2.1个百分点。实验结果表明,提出的数据自动标注方法在电影评论情感分析中能提高分类效果。     

基于词典的文本极性计算及分类研究

本文提出了一种基于语义词典的网络评论文本情感分类及极性值计算方法,用于自动识别网络评论中的情感倾向。首先利用爬虫技术采集真实的电子商务网站在线评论文本数据,然后对语料做预处理,接着完成各类语义词典的构建和基础情感词典的扩充,最后使用本文提出的基于词典的无监督分类方法对获取的评论文本进行情感分类及极性值计算。实验结果表明,本文提出的情感识别方法对网络舆论的分类效果较为理想。     

基于句法规则与情感词的隐式特征提取

针对当前句法关系研究存在过多考虑主谓关系、情感词识别能力有限、忽视隐式特征提取等方面的不足,提出一种基于句法规则与情感词的隐式特征提取方法。借助中文情感词典资源,基于外部语料与实验语料训练的词向量分别构建混合情感词典和产品特征词典,通过词典和定义的句法规则提取显式特征及情感词,根据其共现关系提取隐式特征。在相机评论语料集上进行实验并与现有方法进行对比,实验结果表明,该方法能有效提取显式及隐式特征,在获取全面特征信息上具有较好的性能。     

结合卷积神经网络和词语情感序列特征的中文情感分析

目前基于词嵌入的卷积神经网络文本分类方法已经在情感分析研究中取得了很好的效果。此类方法主要使用基于上下文的词嵌入特征,但在词嵌入过程中通常并未考虑词语本身的情感极性,同时此类方法往往缺乏对大量人工构建情感词典等资源的有效利用。针对这些问题,该文提出了一种结合情感词典和卷积神经网络的情感分类方法,利用情感词典中的词条对文本中的词语进行抽象表示,在此基础上利用卷积神经网络提取抽象词语的序列特征,并用于情感极性分类。该文提出的相关方法在中文倾向性分析评测COAE2014数据集上取得了比目前主流的卷积神经网络以及朴素贝叶斯支持向量机更好的性能。     

中文文本情感词典构建方法

互联网海量文本的情感分析是当前的一个研究热点。介绍了一种中文文本情感词典构建方法,该方法选用若干个情感种子词,利用搜索引擎返回的共现数,通过改进的PMI（pointwise mutual information）算法计算情感词的情感权值。将构建的情感词典应用到文本情感分类实验中,在不同的语料环境下,对比基于情感词典和朴素贝叶斯分类器下的文本情感分类效果,实验结果表明,构建的情感词典,可有效用于情感特征选择和直接用于情感分类,并且分类性能稳定。     

基于情感词典的藏语文本句子情感分类

该文通过借鉴中文及英文情感分析中基于极性词典的方法来对藏文句子文本进行情感分析。首先我们通过人工的方法构建了一个全面、高效的极性词典,包括基础词词典、否定词词典、双重否定词词典、程度副词词典以及转折词词典,将极性词与修饰词组合成极性短语作为极性计算的基本单元,并研究了转折词对句子情感极性的影响,提出了一种基于极性词典的藏语文本句子情感分析方法。实验结果表明,利用该文构建的词典进行的倾向性分析效果良好。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.