基于云模型鱼群算法的多阈值图像分割研究

针对传统鱼群算法在处理图像分割时收敛速度慢,容易陷入局部最优等问题,将云模型和人工鱼群算法结合并有效地应用到多阈值图像分割中。改进后的算法使人工鱼学习能力有所提高,同时满足种群多样性和收敛速度快的特点,避免局部最优得到图像分割的最佳阈值。仿真实验表明,该算法能得到较稳定、快速、清晰的图像分割。     

基于多目标人工鱼群算法的硅单晶直径检测图像阈值分割方法

为提高对硅单晶直径检测图像高亮光环的分割精度, 提出了一种基于多目标人工鱼群算法的二维直方图区域斜分多阈值分割方法.首先设计了一种多目标人工鱼群算法, 并且改进了快速构造Pareto非劣解集的方法, 然后以最大类间方差和最大熵同时作为测度函数, 搜索最优的二维直方图区域斜分分割阈值.仿真结果表明, 所设计的多目标人工鱼群优化算法具有较高的搜索精度, 硅单晶直径检测图像分割实验结果表明, 提出的改进二维直方图区域斜分多阈值分割方法对高亮光环具有较高的分割精度.     

NSCT变换与改进PSO算法在含噪图像分割中的应用

为提高含噪图像的分割效果和分割速度,将非下采样Contourlet变换和粒子群优化算法相结合,提出了一种有效的图像分割方法——IPSOC。该方法首先对待分割图像进行多尺度非下采样Contourlet变换,然后利用其最高级低频系数重构图像,计算重构图像与其均值图像的二维直方图中类间离散度矩阵的迹,并以之作为分割图像的目标函数来搜索最佳分割阈值。为加快阈值搜索速度,以改进的粒子群优化算法作为阈值分割的并行搜索策略,通过对基本粒子群优化算法进行个体及全局最优信息的实时更新,防止粒子停滞操作和阈值保持次数限定搜索终止条件等几个方面的改进,快速有效地获得分割图像。实验结果表明,该方法与基于遗传算法和人工鱼群算法的分割方法相比,明显提高了图像分割速度和分割质量。     

基于改进人工鱼群算法的含噪图像分割方法

针对传统的图像分割方法计算量大、抗噪性弱等问题,将新型的智能仿生优化算法--人工鱼群算法（Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm,AFSA）和小波变换有效地应用到图像分割中,并提出一种并行的阈值分割方法。采用合适的固定步长与自适应步长相结合的方法提高AFSA收敛速度,利用小波变换对小波系数进行阈值处理来提升图像信噪比。利用二维Otsu作为人工鱼群算法的适应度函数,以获得最优阈值。实验结果显示,该方法在分割质量和降噪方面较潘喆等人提出的方法有明显提高。     

基于分水岭算法的灵武长枣图像分割方法研究

传统分水岭算法常常会因阈值选择不当而导致图像分割出现各种各样的问题,尤其是过分割问题。在传统分水岭算法的基础上,以灵武长枣图像为研究对象,运用遗传算法对随机选取的阈值进行优化选择;对自然光照环境下的20幅灵武长枣图像,采用改进后的分水岭算法对其进行分割。首先在传统分水岭算法的基础上,利用遗传算法对阈值进行寻优,得到最优的图像分割阈值,再利用最大类间方差法和数学形态学等方法对图像进行后处理,最终得到分割图像,将分割图像与人工分割得到的图像进行比较,分割的正确率能达到89.99%,且分割效果远远优于传统分水岭算法。实验表明,该方法能够得到最优分割阈值并且能够满足机器识别对图像分割的要求。     

基于鱼群算法的图像阈值分割*

本文提出了一种基于鱼群算法的二维阈值图像分割的新方法。传统的二维Otsu方法考虑了图像的灰度信息和像素间的空间邻域信息,是一种有效的图像分割方法。针对Ostu方法的计算量大、运行时间长的缺陷,采用鱼群算法来搜索最优二维阈值向量,通过鱼群追尾行为获得最优阈值。实验结果表明,所提出的方法不仅能得到理想的分割结果,而且分割速度快。     

配送中心选址问题的BFO-AFSA算法研究

以细菌觅食算法改进的人工鱼群算法为工具,提出了一种新的解决配送中心选址问题的群智能算法。细菌觅食算法改进的人工鱼群算法主要针对基本人工鱼群算法后期容易陷入局部最优的缺点,利用细菌觅食算法局部搜索能力强的特点,将细菌觅食算法中的趋化思想应用到基本人工鱼群算法中。通过算法测试可以看出,改进人工鱼群算法在搜索精度、可靠性、优化速度及稳定性方面相对于基本鱼群算法更有效。通过选址实例仿真可以看出,改进人工鱼群算法在解决配送中心选址问题上相对于基本鱼群算法更具优越性,改进人工鱼群算法能够寻找到更低的成本。     

基于直方图预处理与BF算法的含噪图像分割

图像中的噪声会直接影响图像分割质量,为快速、准确地识别含噪图像中的目标,提出一种基于直方图预处理与BF算法的含噪图像分割方法。该方法通过小波变换抑制图像中的噪声,分析增强图像的直方图特点以缩小分割阈值的分布范围,以二维最大类间方差为原则设计分割目标函数,利用BF算法快速搜索最优分割阈值。实验结果表明,该方法在收敛速度、稳定性和分割效果三个方面均优于基于遗传算法、人工鱼群算法等其他群体智能的分割方法。     

基于鸡群优化算法的SAR图像快速分割

为提高SAR图像分割的速度和质量,利用鸡群优化算法,提出了一种SAR图像快速分割方法。该方法使用二维灰色Otsu模型作为鸡群优化算法的适应度函数,利用鸡群中公鸡、母鸡和小鸡的角色分工、协同工作快速逼近最佳阈值。实验结果表明,该方法在收敛速度和分割效果两方面均优于基于遗传算法、人工鱼群算法等群体智能优化算法的分割方法。     

医学DR图像分割处理过程仿真分析

研究医学DR图像准确分割方法.人体组织的分布特征很难运用准确的数学模型进行描述,由于厚度不均匀,在进行CT图像采集的过程中,图像细节信息会被噪声等不利因素埋没,边缘变得不清晰,对比度降低.传统分割算法主要针对像素的某一个具体特征做出判断,在有噪的环境下,像素提纯受到干扰,很难对非可控信息进行模型控制,导致对医学DR图像的分割效果不好.为了避免上述缺陷,提出了一种人工鱼群算法的医学DR图像分割处理方法.通过对采集的DR图像进行增强处理,提高DR图像的对比度,利用SUSAN算子去除干扰信号,准确计算初始病变区域边界,对边界像素运用人工鱼群方法寻求.实验结果表明,利用改进算法能够有效提高医学DR图像分割的准确性,有利于临床医疗诊断.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.