Nanosecond High Voltage Pulse Generator Using Water Gap Switch for Compact High Power Pulsed Microwave Generator

Nanosecond and sub-nanosecond high voltage pulses can provide new applications. A cancer treatment by an ultra-short pulse high electric field is one of them. High power pulsed microwave has been proposed to apply the high electric field for that treatment. This work focuses on the design of a compact high power pulsed microwave generator using a nanosecond pulse power generator for the cancer treatment. To obtain fast rise time of voltage and current for nanosecond pulses, a switch has to have low inductance. Water gap switches have this property. Since water has a dielectric strength exceeding 1 MV/cm, gap distances for switching can be reduced to several hundreds of micrometers, and still allow switching of tens of kV. The narrow gaps allow us to reduce the switch inductance. In this study, the water gap switch was built in a Blumlein pulse forming line. The Blumlein line was designed to provide a pulse of 1 ns and to match an impedance to 16 Omega of an antenna. By using the water gap switch in the Blumlein line, the voltage rise time obtained approximately 750 ps at 13 kV of a peak pulse voltage. An electromagnetic wave was radiated underwater by the loop antenna. A measuring antenna at 0.15 m and 0.4 m from the radiating antenna caught electric field intensities of 116 kV/m and 32 kV/m, respectively. A frequency element of 250 MHz had higher intensity.     

一种结构紧凑重频高压ns脉冲电源的设计

为了满足介质阻挡放电、臭氧制取和材料表面处理等工业应用需求,设计了一种结构紧凑重频高压ns脉冲电源,该脉冲电源主要由初级能源、磁芯脉冲变压器,螺旋脉冲形成线和气体开关组成。通过电路和电磁场理论分析、TPpice电路仿真及KARAT程序模拟计算,该电源在阻抗约25Ω时能够输出100 kV,脉冲宽度>150 ns,重复频率能够达到1 kHz的高电压脉冲。该电源结构紧凑,造价低,并且输出脉冲的上升前沿<20 ns,具有重要的应用前景。     

小型纳秒级电压脉冲发生器的研制

研制了一台体积小 ,重量轻的新型 ns级电压脉冲发生器 ,可用于电声脉冲法测量空间电荷的试验装置中。该发生器采用以开关电路为基础的电源代替原来的工频整流电源 ,以湿簧管代替火花间隙 ,使得电源的重量下降到原来的 1/5 ,体积也大缩小。经试验可输出脉冲宽度为 2 0 ns,幅值最高为 2 0 0 0 V的可调纳秒级脉冲电压     

一种纳秒级高压脉冲发生器的研制

电声脉冲法(PEA)是一种目前较为流行的空间电荷分布测量技术,使用该法的一个前提条件是必须产生一个幅值大于400 V、脉宽小于20 ns的高压脉冲。笔者研制了一种纳秒级高压脉冲发生器,利用水银继电器作为开关,贮能电容通过此开关对匹配负载放电,经试验能产生脉冲幅值600 V、脉宽小于10 ns的陡脉冲电压信号。     

Compact Subnanosecond Pulse Generator Using Avalanche Transistors for Cell Electroperturbation Studies

Research on the electroperturbation effects of ultrashort high field pulses in cancer cells requires subnanosecond rise time, high voltage pulses delivered to low impedance biological loads. Here we present a compact solid-state pulse generator developed for this application. The pulse is generated by switching a chain of avalanche transistors configured as a tapered transmission line from high voltage to ground. The system features a built in 1400:1 capacitively compensated resistive voltage divider. The divider, with a 3 dB point at 910 MHz, overcomes challenges in the direct measurement of the high frequency components of the output pulse. The generator is capable of producing a 0.8 ns rise time, 1.3 ns wide, 1.1 kV pulse into a 50 Omega load at a maximum repetition rate of 200 kHz. Techniques to implement physical layouting strategies to achieve subnanosecond rise times are outlined. Problems faced in integrating the subnanosecond pulse generator with a biological load are discussed. This pulse generator will be used in experiments aimed at electromanipulation of intracellular biomolecular structures.     

纳秒级高压快脉冲发生器的研制

为了研究电力系统中不断产生的特快速瞬态过电压(VFTO)对电工绝缘材料的影响,设计了一台用于模拟VFTO的快脉冲发生器,其输出波形要求:上升时间＜50 ns、峰值电压达1000 kV.该发生器由Marx发生器、负载测试腔及中间连接段组成.Marx采用正负充电电路,包括10个0.015 μF/100 kV的塑壳电容器、6...     

电磁脉冲模拟器用纳秒脉冲源的研制

随着电磁武器的发展,电磁脉冲及其防护技术再次成为关注的焦点。简要介绍了核电磁脉冲模拟器的标准电场波形和脉冲源的组成及其基本原理,论述了脉冲分压器的设计。分析显示,所研制的新型电阻分压器可以减少响应时间和上升时间3ns以上。实验结果表明,该分压器可以用于上升时间为1ns以上脉冲的测量。研制的脉冲源的输出脉冲满足设计要求,峰值电压高于26kV,上升时间小于2.8ns,下降时间约55ns。     

新型高功率高重复频率脉冲电源研制

介绍了一台适用于某强流电子束加速器的高功率、高重复频率脉冲电源,其基本电路采用三相半波整流构成直流电源,利用LRC直流谐振充电原理实现脉冲电源的重复频率运行。     

细胞内电处理用ns脉冲发生器研究进展

为了便于全面了解目前细胞内电处理实验研究的方法和具体实施方案,综述了国内外用于细胞内电处理实验研究的ns脉冲发生器。从电容器充放电和传输线理论2方面介绍了这些发生器产生ns级、高强脉冲电场的工作原理;分析了用于细胞内电处理的ns脉冲发生器性能特点、发生器的电路结构、元器件选择和技术指标等。实验结果表明,这些发生器产生的ns脉冲电场能诱导细胞内电处理效应。对今后的研究工作进行了讨论和展望。     

基于现场可编程门阵列的全固态高压ns脉冲发生器

为研究ns脉冲电场诱导肿瘤细胞的凋亡效应,结合Marx发生器原理和全固态开关技术,研制了一套基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的多参数可调全固态高压ns脉冲发生器。该发生器主要包括高压直流电源、Marx电路、FPGA控制电路和负载4部分。Marx电路采用金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)作为控制开关代替传统的火花间隙开关,用二极管代替电阻。FPGA产生多路同步触发脉冲信号,通过光纤进行隔离后可作为MOSFET的原始控制信号,同步驱动多个MOSFET。FPGA控制电路控制充电电压和输出脉冲的宽度、频率,并具有保护功能。实验结果表明,该脉冲发生器可产生幅值(0～8kV)连续可调、脉宽(200～1 000ns)灵活可变、频率(1～1 000Hz)独立可控,前沿35ns的高压ns脉冲,为进一步探索ns脉冲电场生物医学效应奠定了基础。     

基于辅助充电支路的模块化多电平变换器结构高频纳秒脉冲发生器

高频纳秒脉冲串治疗肿瘤已逐渐成为一种新的医疗手段,但发生器输出高频脉冲串时的开关损耗问题还有待进一步研究.因此该文提出一种基于辅助充电支路的模块化多电平变换器(MMC)拓扑.在MMC模块的一个MOSFET处并联二极管和电阻,为电容提供充电回路,消除充电电流对开关的导通损耗,提高脉冲发生器的稳定性.首先,对该文提出的拓扑...     

350kV可变脉宽的纳秒脉冲发生器

介绍了可产生 35 0 k V脉冲方波且脉宽可变的脉冲发生器。装置由 Marx发生器产生纳秒级脉冲电压 ,对成型线充电后由主开关对负载电阻放电 ,在负载电阻上得到 ns级脉冲电压。改变 Marx输出电压、主开关击穿电压和负载电阻阻值 ,可调节输出 ns脉冲的幅值 ;改变成型线的长度可改变输出脉宽     

Microwave Experiments Using a Nanosecond Pulse Generator and a Sampling Oscilloscope

This paper describes four experiments using a nanosecond pulse generator and a sampling oscilloscope which are useful in an introductory microwave course.     

纳秒级高压脉冲电源的研究

设计一种应用于挥发性有机气体脱除的高压窄脉冲电源,利用脉冲变压器组合低压开关和两级磁压缩电路输出纳秒级电压脉冲,利用窄脉冲放电产生等离子体,实现污染废气脱除的节能性与高效性.通过原理分析与理论推导,研究系统参数对电源性能的影响并完成关键参数设计.最后在实验室搭建电源样机,实验表明系统可以产生上升沿为760 ns,幅值为...     

轻质高频高压纳秒脉冲电源研制

高压脉冲电源是产生放电等离子体及其应用于生物医学、材料表面处理及流动控制的重要激励源.基于单极性Marx电路与脉冲变压器相结合的思路,利用脉冲变压器的电压波形过冲现象,开发了一台高频高压纳秒脉冲电源样机.该电源样机输出电压幅值最高可达21 kV,频率最高达16 kHz,上升沿和下降沿分别约为145 ns和215 ns,脉宽约为250 ns;输出平均功率为125W以内时,整机效率高于80％.该脉冲电源的输出电压、频率等参数连续可调且体积较小.上述研究为开发应用于放电等离子体的高压脉冲电源提供重要参考.     

纳秒高压脉冲电阻分压器的结构优化

由电阻分压器和存储示波器组成的纳秒级高电压脉冲测量系统中,各组成部分间的阻抗匹配与否,对测量结果影响很大.笔者基于高频电磁场仿真软件FEKO,建立了电阻分压器的仿真模型,分析了其结构对测量结果的影响,并比较了4种典型结构的优劣,对选中的结构进行了过渡段的选型和锥角优化.仿真结果表明,为减小反射,分压器应采取过渡结构,且...     

Design of a Compact Transmission Line Transformer for High Voltage Nanosecond Pulses

The area of pulsed-power technology covers a broad range of powers (up to 10¹⁴ W), voltages (up to 10⁶-10⁷ V), currents (as high as 10⁶ A or higher) and pulse durations (below 10^-8 s). State of the art systems have voltages up to a few hundred kilovolts at pulse lengths down to the nanosecond range. Special applications require extreme field strengths in the range of 1 GV/m. The design of a compact source, meeting the above requirement aims for 1 MV, 1 ns pulses. In this paper, we present a novel compact TLT (transmission line transformer). The TLT consists of 10 coaxial transmission lines which are connected in parallel at the input and in series at the output. To verify the theoretical analysis a model of the transmission line transformer has been simulated by a time domain electromagnetic field solver. An optimized transmission line transformer has been built and first measurements have been performed. The equivalent circuit model and the simulations agree with the experimental results. The effect of secondary mode suppression by means of ferrite has been investigated. Both simulations and experiments showed that ferromagnetic cores around each individual transmissions line in our design can be omitted.     

小型脉冲功率发生器放电电流波形的调节模式

为研究脉冲功率发生装置放电电流波形调节的问题,利用电路模拟软件OrCAD/PSPice研究了电流上升时间500ns、峰值约2MA的小型脉冲功率装置放电回路的4种放电电流波形调节模式即峰化电容器、可控放电、可控放电与单峰化电容器相结合、可控放电与双峰化电容器相结合。借助简单的流体动力学编码,比较了4种调节模式的效果,得到可控放电与双峰化电容器相结合的调节模式为最佳调节模式。研究结果为该实验技术的进一步发展提供了依据。     

基于非平衡Blumlein型多层微带传输线的高压纳秒脉冲发生器

为制作生物医学用小型化、紧凑型ns脉冲发生器,结合非平衡Blumlein型多层微带传输线和固态开关技术,研制了一台基于非平衡Blumlein型传输线的全固态高压纳秒脉冲发生器。通过波传播过程分析非平衡Blumlein型多层微带传输线方波形成原理;介绍了相关固态开关的控制时序及其"截波"策略,以此实现50~100 ns的方波脉冲脉宽可调;阐释了非平衡Blumlein型多层微带传输线系统的负载阻抗可变的相关原理;并研制了一台小型纳秒脉冲发生器以进行相关性能测试。最终,在50Ω负载下的纳秒脉冲电压参数:幅值0~2 k V可调、脉宽50~100 ns可调、重复频率0~1 k Hz可调,上升时间约20 ns;此外,测试了500Ω负载下输出的纳秒脉冲电压幅值约为充电电压的2倍。