一种基于QR分解的观测矩阵优化方法

在压缩感知理论中,最为关键的问题是观测矩阵的构造.影响图像重建质量的因素包括观测矩阵列向量间的独立性以及观测矩阵与稀疏基间的互相关性.基于此提出了一种优化算法.该算法采用QR分解以增大观测矩阵列独立性,同时对利用等角紧框架(Equiangular Tight Frame,ETF)收缩的Gram矩阵进行优化,通过更新每次...     

用稀疏相似性度量求解压缩传感矩阵

提出一种用稀疏相似性度量求解压缩传感矩阵的方法,并将其应用在图像重建和识别领域中.首先构造一种稀疏相似性度量,然后将其嵌入到传感矩阵的模糊代价函数中,最终传感矩阵的原子更新按照模糊方式进行计算.用该方法优化后的观测矩阵与字典矩阵之间保持了低相干性,并且样本的稀疏信号在相同重构条件下具备了更优的测量数目和质量.在ORL和FERET人脸数据库及91幅自然图像库上的实验结果验证了该算法的有效性.     

K-L变换观测矩阵优化算法

观测矩阵的研究在压缩感知中尤为重要,其中观测矩阵的优化是观测矩阵研究中的关键问题之一。根据减小观测矩阵与稀疏矩阵之间的互相关性达到优化观测矩阵的思想,提出了K-L变换观测矩阵优化算法。该算法利用原始信号协方差矩阵的特征向量矩阵对传感矩阵进行变换,从而减小观测矩阵与稀疏矩阵之间的互相关性,进而得到优化后的观测矩阵。仿真结果表明,优化后的观测矩阵重构图像的峰值信噪比值大于未优化观测矩阵重构图像的峰值信噪比值,尤其是在观测数目较少的情况下,用该算法优化后的观测矩阵重构的图像具有较高的精度。     

步长自适应的测量矩阵迭代优化方法

在压缩感知中，降低传感矩阵的列相干性可以提高重构精度。因为稀疏字典一般是固定的，所以目前主要通过优化测量矩阵来间接降低传感矩阵列相干性。提出一种改进的测量矩阵优化算法，使用梯度下降法更新测量矩阵并结合Barzilai-Borwen方法以及Armijo准则，使步长能够在迭代中自适应调整并保证算法收敛性。仿真实验表明，所提出的方法具有更快的收敛速度并且能够得到更优的测量矩阵。     

基于多重解析字典学习和观测矩阵优化的压缩感知

文中提出了一种基于子空间解析字典学习和观测矩阵优化的图像压缩感知算法.该算法根据图像的局部方向特征,将整个图像空间分成多个子空间,并且采用几何共轭梯度算法分别在各个子空间学习解析字典,以实现对不同子空间图像块的最优稀疏表示.在图像重构过程中,首先在所有的子空间对每个图像块分别进行估计,然后根据稀疏表示最小误差准则获得每个图像块的最优估计.为了进一步提高图像重构质量,文中通过对不同子空间的图像块进行线性判别分析获得优化观测矩阵.实验表明文中算法可以实现高质量的压缩感知图像重构.     

基于DFT基的矿井视频监控图像分块压缩感知方法

针对矿井视频监控图像受噪声干扰影响大,采用常规的图像采样和压缩方法存在图像模糊和传输时间过长等问题,提出了一种矿井视频监控图像分块压缩感知方法。该方法通过建立矿井视频监控图像分块压缩感知模型,在井下图像采集节点利用稀疏随机矩阵进行压缩采样,然后在地面监控中心利用正交匹配追踪( OMP )算法重构图像。研究结果表明,采用本文算法的重构图像误差小、重构时间短,所需信号采样点数少;与扰频Hadamard矩阵相比,采用稀疏随机矩阵和高斯随机矩阵作为观测矩阵对图像信号重构的峰值信噪比( PSNR)提高4 dB~5 dB;本文算法与基于小波基的算法相比,信号重构的PSNR提高1 dB~4 dB,重构时间缩短至少80％以上。     

基于稀疏带状矩阵的二维图像重建

压缩传感（Compressed Sensing,CS）是数据采样同时实现压缩的新理论、新技术。针对大图像重构时采用的测量矩阵维数高,所需存储空间过大的问题,引入稀疏带状概念,提出了稀疏带状测量矩阵,可减少测量矩阵独立随机元,根据图像按列逐步处理的方式,测量矩阵维数大大降低。实验结果表明基于稀疏带状测量矩阵的逐列图像重构算法在保证重建质量的情况下,计算速度也大大提升。     

面向乳腺病理图像分类的非相干字典学习及稀疏表示算法

针对乳腺病理图像分类,提出一种非相干字典学习及其稀疏表示算法.首先针对不同类别的图像,基于在线字典学习算法分别学习各类特定的子字典;其次利用紧框架建立一种非相干字典学习模型,通过交替投影优化字典的相干性、秩与紧框架性,从而有效地约束字典的格拉姆矩阵与参考格拉姆矩阵的距离,获得判别性更强的非相干字典;最后采用子空间旋转方法优化非相干字典的稀疏表示性能.利用乳腺癌数据集BreaKHis进行实验的结果证明,该算法所学习的非相干字典能平衡字典的判别性与稀疏表示性能,在良性肿瘤与恶性肿瘤图像分类上获得了86.0%的分类精度;在良性肿瘤图像中的腺病与纤维腺瘤的分类上获得92.5%的分类精度.     

基于局部和非局部正则化的图像压缩感知

基于低秩正则化的非局部低秩约束(Nonlocal low-rank regularization, NLR)算法利用相似块的结构稀疏性,获得了目前最好的重构结果。但是它仅仅利用了图像的非局部信息,忽略了图像像素间的局部信息,不能有 效地重建图像的边缘,同时Logdet函数不能很好地替代矩阵秩,因为它跟真实解之间存在着不可忽视的差距。因此,本文提出了一种基于局部和非局部正则化的压缩感知图像重建方法,同时考虑图像的非局部低秩性和图像像素的局部稀疏梯度性。选择利用Schatten-p 范数来替代矩阵秩,同时选择交替方向乘子算法求解产生的非凸优化问题。实验 结果表明,与传统的稀疏性先验重建算法和NLR算法相比,本文算法能够获得更高的图像重构质量。     

基于波浪式矩阵置换的稀疏度均衡分块压缩感知算法

基于矩阵置换的分块压缩感知（BCS）引入矩阵置换的策略,使复杂子块和稀疏子块向介于两者中间的稀疏度水平变化,用单一采样率采样时可以减少块效应,但仍存在块间稀疏度均衡效果较差的问题。为了得到更好的重构效果,提出基于波浪式矩阵置换的稀疏度均衡BCS（BCS-RMP）算法。首先,在采样前对图像进行矩阵置换的预处理,通过波浪式置换矩阵对图像各子块的稀疏度进行均衡;然后,采用相同的测量矩阵对子块进行采样,在解码侧进行重构;最后,通过波浪式置换逆矩阵对重构结果进行逆变换得到最终的重构图像。仿真结果表明,与现有矩阵置换算法相比,当选择合适的子块大小和采样率时,所提波浪式矩阵置换算法可有效提高图像的重构质量,且能更准确地体现细节信息。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。