锑掺杂氧化锡(ATO)纳米粉体的表征与分散

锑掺杂氧化锡（ATO）纳米级粉体作为一种新型多功能粉体，具有可见光透过率高、能反射红外线等特征。与传统防静电材料，如炭黑、表面活性剂、金属粉体相比具有优良的性能。ATO纳米粉体已经成为性价比很高的建筑隔热材料和透明隔热涂料用基本材料。采用XRD（X射线衍射）、BET（布鲁瑙厄一埃梅特一泰勒法）和TEM（透射电子显微镜）对市场上3种锑掺杂氧化锡（ATO）纳米粉体进行了分析。结果表明：这3种ATO纳米级粉体的粒径为7．1～16．2nm，比表面积为37～82m^2／g，松密度为0．52-1．01g／mL，粉体的分散性能差异较大。     

球形纳米氧化钇的制备与表征

以尿素为沉淀剂,硝酸钇为钇源,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为分散剂,采用均相沉淀法制备球形纳米氧化钇粉体,研究了反应物浓度比、表面活性剂用量、反应时间、搅拌转速、反应温度对氧化钇形貌及粒径的影响。通过激光粒度分析、X射线衍射（XRD）分析、扫描电镜（SEM）分析、傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）分析等手段对样品进行表征。结果表明,反应物浓度比、反应时间、搅拌转速、反应温度会影响粉体的尺寸,适量CTAB的加入可显著降低氧化钇的粒径;在最佳工艺条件下,可制得粒径大小为110~130 nm的球形氧化钇粉体。     

纳米锑掺杂氧化锡的制备及表征(英文)

以无机盐SnCl4·5H2O和SbCl3为初始原料,以乙醇作为溶剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法结合超临界流体干燥(supercritical fluid drying,SCFD)技术制备了纳米锑掺杂氧化锡(antimony doped tin oxide.ATO)粉体.通过热重-差示扫描热分析、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电镜,对前驱体粒子以及ATO粒子的结构进行了分析.探讨了热处理温度、前驱体千燥方式对前驱体以及纳米粒子的形貌、粒径、分散性、晶型、结晶度的影响,并讨论了SCFD技术干燥前驱体的机理.结果表明:采用溶胶-凝胶法结合超临界CO2干燥技术,在给定的反应条件下,能够制得疏松的、良好掺杂的四方型结构的纳米ATO粒子,粒径约15～30nm,分散性好.     

轻稀土氟化物纳米微粒的制备及其抗磨性能评价

采用均相沉淀法在醇-水体系中制备了表面修饰轻稀土氟化物的纳米微粒,考察了其摩擦学性能。结果表明,合成产物的微粒粒径为20～30 nm,属于纳米级超微粒子;添加目标产物的润滑油的磨痕直径从0.66 mm降为0.40 mm,抗极压能力显著提高。与共沉淀法相比,均相沉淀法制备的表面修饰稀土氟化物纳米微粒不仅在有机溶剂中具有更为良好的分散性,作为润滑油抗磨添加剂,具有更加优异的减摩、抗磨性能。     

沉淀法制备α-Fe2O3纳米晶

研究了以FeCl3·6H2O和FeSO4·7H2O为源物质,用均相沉淀法和直接沉淀法制备α-Fe2O3纳米晶粉体,利用TEM、XRD、BET、H2-TPR手段对样品进行了表征.实验结果表明,均相沉淀法所制得α-Fe2O3粉体晶粒尺寸为20nm左右,比表面积大,反应性能好;直接沉淀法所制得粉体晶粒尺寸为80nm左右,比表面积小,反应性能相对差.     

沉淀法制备纳米氧化铬粉体的研究

以Cr(NO_3)_3·9H_2O和NH3·H_2O为原料,采用直接沉淀法制备了纳米Cr_2O_3粉体。通过差热分析、X射线衍射、透射电镜、比表面积分析研究了粉体的制备过程和合成粉体的性能。所得纳米Cr_2O_3分散性良好,粒度分布均匀,平均粒径20~30nm,粒子形状为球形。     

碱沉淀法制备纳米二氧化钛粉体

采用四氯化钛碱沉淀法制备纳米二氧化钛粉体，研究了前驱物制备、沉淀剂选择、沉淀方式等条件对二氧化钛粉体性能的影响，并利用XRD，TEM分析对制得的样品进行了表征。结果表明，600℃煅烧可得锐钛矿型二氧化钛，800℃煅烧可得金红石型二氧化钛，其粒度〈100nm，锐钛矿型与金红石型二氧化钛的比表面积分别为33．0m^2／g和9．0m^2／g。该方法工艺简单、成本低，制得的纳米二氧化钛粒径小、分散性好，便于工业化生产。     

掺锑氧化锡纳米粉体的制备与表征

以SnCl4·5H2O和SbCl3为原料,NH3为共沉淀剂,在表面活性剂存在下,采用室温固相法制备锑掺杂二氧化锡(ATO)纳米粉体。探讨了掺锑量、表面活性剂对ATO粉体性能的影响。运用IR、XRD、TEM、比表面仪(BET)等对ATO粉体进行了表征。结果表明,当锑掺杂量为12.3%时,ATO纳米粉体具有最小电阻率,为3.36Ω·cm,ATO粉体为四方晶红石结构,颗粒形状为近似球形,粒度均匀,一次粒径为10 nm左右。     

凝胶网格沉淀法制备纳米二氧化硅

主要研究了凝胶网格沉淀法制备纳米二氧化硅的工艺条件,如:琼脂用量、HCl浓度、SiO32-离子浓度、反应物物质的量比(H /SiO32-)等因素对产物粒径的影响。实验确定制备纳米二氧化硅的最佳工艺条件为:琼脂质量分数为11.5%,盐酸浓度为0.6mol/L,硅酸钠浓度为0.4mol/L,最佳配比(SiO23-/H )为1:2.1。采用XRD、TG-DTA及透射电镜等测试手段对产物进行了表征。研究表明:采用凝胶网格沉淀法可制得平均粒径为40nm的二氧化硅粉体,凝胶网格沉淀法是一种制备纳米二氧化硅的简单的新方法,所得粉体粒径小,粒径分布窄,实验条件要求低,操作简便、易行,便于工业化生产。     

水热法合成单分散性锑掺杂氧化锡纳米导电粉体

以草酸亚锡和酒石酸锑钾为原料,在260℃用高温水热法一步合成具有纳米结构单分散性的锑掺杂氧化锡纳米导电粉体.用X射线衍射仪、比表面测定仪、透射电子显微镜(transmission electron microscope,TEM)等表征合成的粉体.结果表明:所合成的粉体均为氧化锡的四方金红石结构,随Sb3 含量的增加,纳米晶粒尺寸减小,结晶性能下降,但粉体的比表面积迅速增加.Sb3 的摩尔分数由1%增加到18%时,粉体的比表面积由70.6 m2/g增加到160.7 m2/g.TEM显示:粉体的分散性能良好,基本呈单分散状态,随锑掺量的增加晶粒的结晶性能下降.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。