脲醛树脂胶粘剂研究进展

从脲醛树脂胶粘剂的配方改进、胶粘剂合成工艺改进、甲醛捕捉剂的添加等几个方面,综述了近几年来脲醛树脂胶粘剂及其制品低毒化研究新进展。     

低摩尔比脲醛树脂胶粘剂研究进展

从脲醛树脂胶粘剂的游离甲醛含量及其胶接制品的甲醛释放量,低摩尔比脲醛树脂的合成及不同固化体系下低摩尔比脲醛树脂的固化特性等方面,综述了近几年来低摩尔比脲醛树脂作为木材胶粘剂的研究进展。     

一种改性脲醛树脂胶粘剂的研制

脲醛树脂胶在人造板工业中使用最广泛的胶粘剂,其性能直接影响到人造板等工业产品的质量和销路。为克服脲醛树脂胶耐水性较差,游离醛含量较高等缺点,现研究了一种低毒,高耐水性的改性脲醛树脂。一、改性机理1.耐水性改进脲醛树脂由于其结构中含有-OH 和-CONH_2基团,因此,在水中,特别是在热水中水解稳定     

人造板用脲醛树脂胶粘剂的改性研究

对人造板用脲醛树脂胶粘剂的改性方法进行了研究，并确定了最佳工艺条件。     

木材工业用酚醛树脂胶粘剂的快速固化研究

从酚醛树脂胶粘剂的配方改进、胶粘剂合成工艺改进、催化剂添加、胶粘剂调胶及人造板热压工艺改进等几个方面,综述了近几年来木材工业用酚醛树脂胶粘剂快速固化研究。     

低甲醛脲醛树脂的合成

脲醛树脂是由尿素与甲醛在催化作用下经过加成和缩聚反应生成的低分子量树脂，它主要用于大批量木材的胶接生产，如制造胶合板、刨花板、纤维板等，还有缓释肥料等。脲醛树脂用在人造板业上是一个比较好的胶粘剂，还有与其他合成木材胶粘剂相比除了耐水性、耐久性差外，有很多优点，如原料易得，成本低廉，不产生污染且工艺简单等。     

脲醛树脂的生产及性能改进

脲醛树脂在人造板的生产中具有重要作用。在我国木材加工业中使用的胶粘剂有90%是脲醛树脂。大、中、小型合成氨厂在综合发展化工产品时,可采取与有关厂联营的方式,用本厂生产的甲醛和尿素进行深度加工开发脲醛树脂胶粘剂(以下简称脲醛胶)脲醛树脂粉状胶粘剂、脲醛压塑粉(电玉粉)、脲醛泡沫塑料等产品,以扩大产品品种,提高经济效益。     

国内低游离甲醛脲醛树脂胶粘剂研究进展

脲醛树脂胶粘剂是一种开发应用较早的热固性高分子胶粘剂。由于其制造工艺简单，原料廉价易得，初粘大，粘接强度高，无色透明，不污染木材等优点，广泛应用于木器加工、胶合板、刨花板、中密度纤维板、人造板材的生产及室内装修等行业，是目前粘合剂中产量最大的品种，占木材胶粘     

对脲醛树脂合成过程冲罐事故浅析

脲醛树脂属于一种热固性的胶粘剂,是由氨基化合物尿素与甲醛缩聚而成,故又称氨基树脂胶粘剂。随着林产工业科学技术不断发展,脲醛树脂胶的生产工艺日趋成熟,现已广泛应用于胶合板、刨花板及细木工板等人造板中。近年来,为了解决木材供、需之间存在的矛盾,许多胶合板厂相应建成。其中多数厂     

化工商情

脲醛树脂主要用于木材加工,生产胶粘剂(占脲醛树脂消费量的80％以上),模型粉、涂料及纸张处理剂等。 目前,我国大部分脲醛树脂的生产集中在木材加工厂、油漆厂、塑料厂和纺织印染厂,自产自用,商品量很少。我国脲醛树脂的发展主要取决于木材加工业的发展,预计今后几年我国人造板的产量有较大增长,特别是碎料板和中密度纤维板的生产会有较快发展,从而将带动我国脲醛树脂行业的快速发展。预计,2000年我国人造板产量将达到600万立方米,需求脲醛树脂约42万吨。     

Urea impregnated multiwalled carbon nanotubes; a formaldehyde scavenger for urea formaldehyde adhesives and medium density fiberboards bonded with them

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were subjected to modification by urea to use as formaldehyde scavenger in urea formaldehyde (UF) adhesive and reducing the free formaldehyde emission of the medium density fiberboards (MDFs). Morphological differences besides elemental analysis was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The effect of urea impregnated MWCNTs filler on the physical, morphological and thermal properties of the UF resin has investigated. Furthermore, characterization of the mechanical properties, free formaldehyde emission and thickness swelling were carried out for the MDF panels. From the results, the free formaldehyde of the UF resins was significantly decreased. The lowest free formaldehyde was belonged to the sample with 3 wt% of scavenger which was about 71% lower than the value for neat UF resin. Accordingly, the formaldehyde emission of the fiberboards was also showed a descending trend by incorporation of MWCNTs-U to the composite structure. It was decreased from 9.67 to 3.89 mg/100 g dried board. These results indicated that the prepared nano modifier was successfully performed as a formaldehyde scavenger for the UF resin and could prevent the hazards of the free formaldehyde emission from MDF panels.     

Production of melamine fortified urea‐formaldehyde resins with low formaldehyde emission

Melamine can be incorporated in the synthesis of urea‐formaldehyde (UF) resins to improve performance in particleboards (PB), mostly in terms of hydrolysis resistance and formaldehyde emission. In this work, melamine‐fortified UF resins were synthesized using a strong acid process. The best step for melamine addition and the effect of the reaction pH on the resin characteristics and performance were evaluated. Results showed that melamine incorporation is more effective when added on the initial acidic stage. The condensation reaction pH has a significant effect on the synthesis process. A pH below 3.0 results on a very fast reaction that is difficult to control. On the other hand, with pH values above 5.0, the condensation reaction becomes excessively slow. PBs panels produced with resins synthesized with a condensation pH between 4.5 and 4.7 showed good overall performance, both in terms of internal bond strength and formaldehyde emissions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Urea-glutaraldehyde-formaldehyde resin with low formaldehyde emission and high flexibility: Structure and toughening mechanism

Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin with excellent intrinsic flame retardancy, high strength, and low cost has been widely used as adhesives, coatings as well as molding compounds, and it is a challenge to prepare UF resin with combined properties of high toughness/strength and low formaldehyde emissions. In this work, glutaraldehyde was introduced into the synthesis system of UF resin to partially replace formaldehyde, and urea-glutaraldehyde-formaldehyde (UGF) copolycondensation resin was prepared. It was found that glutaraldehyde participated in additional/condensation reactions of UF resin, and the crosslinking reaction of UGF resin was hindered with higher curing activation energy than that of neat UF resin. Due to the controllable curing kinetics and introduction of long methylene chains, UGF resin presented relatively low crosslinking density, and under external force, it underwent distinct yielding before fracture and many yield folds appeared on the fractured surface, showing high toughness and strength. Compared with neat UF resin, the tensile strength, elongation at break, impact strength, and critical stress intensity factor (K_IC) of UGF resin increased by 26%, 42.30%, 14.6%, and 30%, respectively. Meanwhile, the free formaldehyde emission for UGF resin decreased by 47.5%, meeting the requirement of E0 grade. Such developed eco-friendly UGF resin exhibited promising application potentials.     

Hydrolytic stability of cured urea‐formaldehyde resins modified by additives

Urea‐formaldehyde (UF) resins are prone to hydrolysis that results in low‐moisture resistance and subsequent formaldehyde emission from UF resin‐bonded wood panels. This study was conducted to investigate hydrolytic stability of modified UF resins as a way of lowering the formaldehyde emission of cured UF resin. Neat UF resins with three different formaldehyde/urea (F/U) mole ratios (1.4, 1.2, and 1.0) were modified, after resin synthesis, by adding four additives such as sodium hydrosulfite, sodium bisulfite, acrylamide, and polymeric 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI). All additives were added to UF resins with three different F/U mole ratios before curing the resin. The hydrolytic stability of UF resins was determined by measuring the mass loss and liberated formaldehyde concentration of cured and modified UF resins after acid hydrolysis. Modified UF resins of lower F/U mole ratios of 1.0 and 1.2 showed better hydrolytic stability than the one of higher F/U mole ratio of 1.4, except the modified UF resins with pMDI. The hydrolytic stability of modified UF resins by sulfur compounds (sodium bisulfate and sodium hydrosulfite) decreased with an increase in their level. However, both acrylamide and pMDI were much more effective than two sulfur compounds in terms of hydrolytic stability of modified UF resins. These results indicated that modified UF resin of the F/U mole ratio of 1.2 by adding acrylamide was the most effective in improving the hydrolytic stability of UF resin. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Influence of acrylamide copolymerization of urea–formaldehyde resin adhesives to their chemical structure and performance

To lower the formaldehyde emission of wood‐based composite panels bonded with urea–formaldehyde (UF) resin adhesive, this study investigated the influence of acrylamide copolymerization of UF resin adhesives to their chemical structure and performance such as formaldehyde emission, adhesion strength, and mechanical properties of plywood. The acrylamide‐copolymerized UF resin adhesives dramatically reduced the formaldehyde emission of plywood. The ¹³C‐NMR spectra indicated that the acrylamide has been copolymerized by reacting with either methylene glycol remained or methylol group of UF resin, which subsequently contributed in lowering the formaldehyde emission. In addition, an optimum level for the acrylamide for the copolymerization of UF resin adhesives was determined as 1%, when the formaldehyde emission and adhesion strength of plywood were taken into consideration. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Urea formaldehyde resin with low formaldehyde content modified by phenol formaldehyde intermediates and properties of its bamboo particleboards

Phenol formaldehyde reaction solution (PFS) was used to synthesize urea–formaldehyde resins (PFSUF resins) with low formaldehyde content. In addition, the prepared PFSUF resins were used as adhesives to bond bamboo particleboards. Mechanical properties, fracture morphology, water absorption ratio, and dimensional stability of bamboo particleboards have been studied by tensile tests, SEM tests, water absorption analysis, and swelling ratio analysis, respectively. The results demonstrate that the main ingredient of PFS is phenol formaldehyde intermediate 2,4,6‐trimethylolphenate and proper amount of PFS can be used to reduce the formaldehyde content of UF resins effectively. The results also show that bamboo particleboards bonded with PFSUF resins exhibit better mechanical properties, water resistance, and dimensional stability than that bonded with pure UF resin. However, the results of TG and mechanical properties analysis exhibit that alternative curing agents to ammonium chloride should be studied to improve the curing properties of the PFSUF resins with low formaldehyde content. Taken together, this work provides a method of preparing environment‐friendly PFSUF resins with low phenol and low formaldehyde content and the prepared resins have potential application in wood industry. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42280.     

低甲醛含量脲醛树脂粘合剂的合成方法研究

提出了降低脲醛树脂(UF)粘合剂中游离甲醛含量的措施以及改性的方法,摸索出了实用且简单可行的合成方法。根据此合成方法生产的产品具有黏度适宜、反应易控制、甲醛含量低、成本低等优点。树脂的甲醛含量达到国家室内板用粘合剂游离甲醛含量标准。     

Relationship between curing activation energy and free formaldehyde content in urea-formaldehyde resins

This study investigated the effect on the curing behavior, activation energy (E _a) of the curing reaction, crystalline structure, crosslinking, and free formaldehyde content of the addition of the following scavengers in urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins: medium density fiber board flour, rice husk flour, silica powder, and tannin powder. The scavenger content was 3 and 7?wt% of the UF resin solid content. The curing behavior of UF resins was monitored by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray crystallography. The curing E _a was correlated to the free formaldehyde content of the scavenger containing UF resins. The thermal stability of the UF resins increased but the curing E _a decreased with increasing scavenger content. After curing, the crystallinity of the UF resins decreased in the presence of scavengers. The unreacted free formaldehyde content was reduced in the tannin powder containing UF resins. The degree of crosslinking affects the formaldehyde emission from wood panels bonded with UF resin. This is especially true for wood panels in service for long periods of time and exposed to high humidity conditions. Once the free formaldehyde which influences considerably the emission has disappeared, the presence of the –CH₂– groups then becomes important. Hence, an increased resin crosslinking indicates a higher concentration of –CH₂– groups present, which may hydrolyze and emit formaldehyde slowly over time.     

Alternative to latent catalysts for curing UF resins used in the production of low formaldehyde emission wood-based panels

This paper studies alternative catalysts to ammonium sulfate for curing urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins. When using a latent catalyst like ammonium sulfate, hexamine is formed as by-product of curing reaction. It is believed that hexamine hydrolysis may contribute to formaldehyde release during the life-time of wood-based panels produced with UF resins. Orthophosphoric acid, on the other hand, catalyzes resin cure without by-product formation and was compared to ammonium sulfate. The pot-life of adhesives with both catalysts was evaluated at 40 °C with a Brookfield rheometer. Mechanical resistance tests performed with ABES (Automated Bonding Evaluation System) showed that orthophosphoric acid effectively catalyzes UF resin cure. Particleboards were produced using both catalysts and the most important properties evaluated, according to European Standards: formaldehyde content, internal bond, moisture content, thickness swelling and density. Particleboards cured with orthophosphoric acid and stored under forceful conditions of humidity and temperature presented similar internal bond and lower formaldehyde content than those produced with ammonium sulfate.     

低nF/nM三聚氰胺-甲醛低聚物对脲醛树脂性能的影响

采用自制的可溶性三聚氰胺-甲醛低聚物作为脲醛树脂的添加剂,通过DSC及压制胶合板等方法评价该低聚物对脲醛树脂的固化特性、游离甲醛释放量和胶合强度的影响.结果表明,对于nF/nU为1.1的脲醛树脂UF1.随着三聚氰胺-甲醛低聚物加入量的增加,树脂固化活化能和胶合板的甲醛释放量都呈现先降低后增加的趋势,而胶合强度变化趋势不...