两种含硼Ni3Al合金的微观组织与力学性能

本文研究了两种不同硼含量Ｎｉ３Ａｌ合金的微观组织、室温拉伸及高周疲劳性能，Ｎｉ３Ａｌ（０．６ａｔ．－％Ｂ）合金为单相组织，Ｎｉ３Ａｌ（１．０ａｔ．－％Ｂ）合金中除γ相外，还有微量共晶体，虽然Ｎｉ３Ａｌ（１．０Ｂ）的拉伸强度较Ｎｉ３Ａｌ（０．６Ｂ）的高，但在相同的循环应力水平下，后者的疲劳寿命显著高于前者的，疲劳断口观察表明两种合金的疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展行为各不相同。     

Ni3Al中Al含量对硼韧化作用的影响

本文利用“有序—无序”模型对Ni_3Al中的点阵空位与成分的关系进行了计算,结果证明,当Al含量超过化学计量值时,Ni_2Al中有大量的点阵空位存在,称之非化学计量空位。正电子湮没技术证实了这种空位的存在。由此解释了Al含量对硼韧化作用的影响。     

INFLUENCE OF Al ON DUCTILITY IMPROVEMENT BY B IN Ni_3Al ALLOYS

The “order-disorder” model was adopted to calculate the lattice vacancies related to the com- position change in Ni_3Al alloys.A great deal of vacancies,i.e.,the non-stoichiometric vacan- cies,may exist in the Ni_3Al alloys containing Al over stoichiometry,i.e.25 at.-%.This was confirmed by the positron annihilation technique.Therefore,the influence of Al content on the enhancing behaviour of B towards the ductility of Ni_3Al alloys can be understood by the interaction of non-stoiehiometric vacancies and B atoms.     

EFFECT OF Zr,Cr AND B ADDITIVES ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF Ni_3Al ALLOYS

The microstructure and the mechanical properties from room temperature up to 1050℃ ofNi_3Al alloys containing 0—0.6 at.-%Zr,0—7.7 at.-%Cr and 0—2.22 at.-%B have beenstudied.It was found that the temperature dependence of their yield strength variation revealsto be anomalous,i.e.the strength increases with the temperature raising,and then decreasestill it surpassed the peak value.Both Zr and Zr+Cr may improve the yield strength of the al-loys in the entire range of testing temperatures,as well as the tensile strength and elongationunder high temperatures.B is favourable to raise the tensile and yield strengths of the alloys,and also plasticity.But the strength will reduce as B added is over 2.22 at.-%.TheNi_(20)Al_3B_6 and Ni_3Al eutectic mixture like islands and globes precipitated inside the grainsand along the grain bounderies,which are harmful to the strength and ductility,may beformed when the B content exceeds the limit of solubility.     

EFFECT OF Zr ON DUCTILITY OF CAST Ni_3 Al-BASE ALLOYS

Many compressive and tensile tests showed that the room temperature ductility of boron-freeNi_3Al alloy may be markedly improved by a moderate addition of Zr.The ductility of thestoichiometric Ni_3Al and even slightly enriched with Al,may be improved fairly between 400—600℃,which behaves much better if Zr is added together with B.However,the high tem-perature ductility of Ni_3Al alloys containing Cr may be significantly increased by Zr whichsegregates slightly along grain boundaries.Thus,the toughening mechanism of Zr alloyingseems to be different from that of B addition.     

Ni3Al合金的滑移特征及形变过程的晶界行为

通过SEM动态拉伸形变试验,研究了具有各种化学成分和不同热处理态Ni_3Al合金的形变滑移特征,并用TEM观察了晶界区域的位错组态。研究结果表明,在含硼Ni_3Al合金的晶界附近存在一个过渡滑移区,该区域中滑移线重新取向或其它滑移系开动,从而产生了局部应变调节并使晶界应力集中松弛。硼降低了开动晶界位错源所需的应力并可能同时增加了位错源本身的数目。硼对Ni_3Al的韧化作用强烈受到基体Al含量、合金元素及热处理等因素的影响。     

SLIP FEATURE AND GRAIN BOUNDARY BEHAVIOURS OF Ni_3Al ALLOYS DURING DEFORMATION

The deformation behaviours of Ni_3Al alloys with various chemical compositions and subjectedto different heat treatments were in situ observed under SEM. Moreover,in situ observationsof slip trace were supplemented by the direct observation of dislocation arrangements underTEM.In B-doped Ni_3Al alloys it is shown that close to the grain boundary there exists a thinslip transition region,within which slip lines are reoriented or other slip systems are operatedto produce a local strain accommodation and to relax the stress concentration at grain bound-aries.Boron seems to lower the stress for dislocation generation from the grain boundaries orto ease the cross-slip close to the boundaries,and also to increase the number of dislocationsources.However,B-enhenced ductility is seriously affected by stoichiometry,the addition ofa tertiary alloy element and heat treatment,etc..     

形变Ni_3Al多晶体中的对称型堆垛层错及其形成机理SCIEI

本文报告了对称型堆垛层错是Ni_3Al多晶体形变缺陷的重要组成部分。这种对称型堆垛层错的产生,是由分布在相邻{111}晶面上的位错偶在切应力的作用下进行移动、分解和合并销毁的结果。     

OXIDATION BEHAVIOR OF Ni_3Al AND NiAl ALLOYS CONTAINING Fe ADDITIONS

ＯＸＩＤＡＴＩＯＮＢＥＨＡＶＩＯＲＯＦＮｉ_３ＡｌＡＮＤＮｉＡｌＡＬＬＯＹＳＣＯＮＴＡＩＮＩＮＧＦｅＡＤＤＩＴＩＯＮＳＪ．Ｔ．Ｇｕｏ;Ｓ．Ｈ．Ｗａｎｇ;Ｈ．Ｌｉ;Ｗ．Ｈ．ＬａｉａｎｄＭ．Ｈ．Ｔａｎ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＭｅｔａｌＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈ,Ｃ?..     

激光熔化沉积NiTi/Ni3 Ti金属间化合物合金的显微组织和耐磨性

利用激光熔化沉积技术制备出分别以NiTi和Ni3Ti为初生相的NiTi/Ni3Ti金属间化合物耐磨合金,采用XRD、OM、SEM、EDS等手段分析合金的组织,测试合金的室温干滑动磨损性能。结果表明,其室温干滑动磨损机制为软磨料磨损和氧化磨损;对于以Ni3Ti为初生相的合金,其室温干滑动磨损机制在中低负荷下为氧化磨损和显微切削,在高负荷下则是Ni3Ti的显微切削;以NiTi为初生相的NiTi/Ni3Ti金属间化合物合金具有更好的抗室温摩擦磨损性能。     

La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.55-xCo0.45Alx(x=0～0.4)贮氢合金的循环稳定性

为了提高La-Mg-Ni系贮氢合金的循环稳定性,以Al部分替代Ni,采铸造及快淬工艺制备了La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.55-xCo0.45Alx(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4)电极合金,研究了Al替代量及快淬工艺对合金微观结构及电化学循环稳定性的影响。X射线衍射分析结果表明:铸态及快淬态合金具有多相结构,包括(La,Mg)Ni3相、LaNi5相和一定量的LaNi2相;Al替代使铸态合金中LaNi2相的量显著增加,但对快淬态合金中LaNi2相的相丰度影响不显著。电化学测试结果表明:随Al替代量的增加,合金的循环寿命大幅度提高;快淬处理可以提高合金的循环寿命,但随Al替代量的增加,淬速对循环寿命的影响减小。     

INFLUENCE OF BORON ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF RAPIDLY SOLIDIFIED Ni_3Al

By means of nonstoichiometry,rapid solidification and adequate boron addition,the tensilestrength and bending resistance of Ni_3Al has been improved.When adding 0.52 to 1.37 at.-%B into Ni_3Al,which has the beneficial effect on the ductility.If boron addition is too high,there are coarse Ni_(23)B_6 particles and NiB_(12) phases found at the grain boundaries.Boronmodification in Ni_3Al promotes the ordering in the region near grain boundaries.The grainboundary of boron free Ni_3Al is a large angle one,but turns into a small angle grain bound-ary with sub-grains of dislocation characteristics when the boron content in Ni_3Al reaches1.37 at.-%.     

DYNAMIC RECRYSTALLIZATION IN SUPERPLASTIC DEFORMATION OF TiAl BASED ALLOY

１ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＳｕｐｅｒｐｌａｓｔｉｃｉｔｙｏｆＴｉＡｌｂａｓｅｄａｌｏｙｈａｓａｔｔｒａｃｔｅｄｍｏｒｅａｎｄｍｏｒｅａｔｅｎｔｉｏｎ［１－３］．Ｉｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎｆｏｕｎｄｔｈａｔ,ｄｙｎａｍｉｃｒｅｃｒｙｓｔａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｉｓ...     

Cr3C2/Ni3Al表面耐磨堆焊材料的焊接性

Cr3 C2/Ni3 Al复合材料是一种极具潜力的高温表面耐磨堆焊材料,焊接性对于该材料的推广应用至关重要.将真空烧结制得的Cr3 C2-NiAl-Ni焊条堆焊于碳钢和耐热钢表面,可形成无焊接裂纹的Cr3 C2/Ni3Al复合材料堆焊层,表明Cr3 C2/Ni3 Al复合材料具有良好的焊接性,适于作为铁基材料表面耐磨堆焊材料推广应用.分析认为,Cr3 C2/Ni3 Al复合材料具有良好焊接性的原因在于:(1)焊接过程中,Cr3 C2发生溶解再析出,熔池中的C优先被氧化,保护了Al的氧化.(2)从铁基材料基材中扩散入到焊层中的Fe元素和Cr3 C2溶解而固溶于焊层中的Cr元素有效地改善了Ni3 Al基体的焊接性.     

热处理对Co_(38)Ni_(34)Al_(28-x)Cu_x合金组织和显微硬度的影响

在Co-Ni-Al系合金的基础上用Cu部分代替Al,制备4种不同成分的合金,研究热处理对Co38Ni34Al28-xCux显微组织和显微硬度的影响。结果表明,Co38Ni34Al27.5Cu0.5合金经1350℃×2 h加热、冰水冷却至室温处理后,β基体内出现马氏体,而Co38Ni34Al27Cu1则在1350℃×2 h和1300℃×4 h处理时都出现马氏体。随铜含量的增加和铝含量的减少,合金β相晶粒变小,γ相晶粒和含量变大。Co38Ni34Al27.5Cu0.5的显微硬度随温度升高而升高,在β相晶粒内出现马氏体时,Co38Ni34Al27Cu1合金的显微硬度骤降。     

STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF BORON CONTENT ON THE ORDERED EXTENT OF THE Ni_3Al INTERMETALLICS COMPOUND BY AP-FIM

1. IntroductionPolycrystalline Ni3AI materials, an intermetallic compound with the L12 ordered structure, have been studied extensively in the past few years becallse of their potential application at high temperature structural applications. The brittle intergranular fractures andthe dramatic ductilizing effect of small amounts boron in polycrystalline Ni3AI led on tostudy the structure and chemistry of grain boundary[1--3]. The intergranular fragility ofNisAI alloys has been explained by…     

硼对快凝Ni3Al组织结构及力学性能的影响

本文通过快凝及加硼合金化的方法改善金属间化合物Ni_3Al的韧性。实验表明:加入0.5-1.4at.-％的硼对Ni_3Al的塑性提高最有利。结构分析表明:在含1.37at.-％硼的Ni_3Al中,硼以Ni_(23)B_6弥散相及晶界偏聚方式存在;当硼量增至2.22at.-％时,硼以粗大的Ni_(23)B_6及NiB_(12)相在晶界处析出。无硼的Ni_3Al晶界为大角度晶界;当硼加至1.37at.-％时,Ni_3Al晶界以位错排列成亚晶界,以小角晶界形式存在。     

Influence of magnesium on grain refinement and ductility in a dilute Al–Sc alloy

Experiments were conducted to determine the influence of magnesium additions on grain refinement and tensile ductility in an Al–0.2% Sc alloy processed by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP). The experiments show ECAP reduces the average grain size to within the range of ∼0.70 to ∼0.20 μm for alloys containing from 0 to 3% Mg but the as-pressed grain size increases to ∼0.3 μm in an alloy with 5% Mg because it is then necessary to use additional annealing treatments during the pressing process. The ultrafine grains introduced by ECAP are stable to high temperatures in the alloys containing from 0 to 3% Mg: in all alloys, the average grain size is <5 μm after annealing for 1 h at temperatures up to ∼750 K. High superplastic ductilities were achieved in the alloy containing 3% Mg but alloys containing 0.5% and 1% Mg exhibited the enhanced ductilities generally associated with conventional Al–Mg alloys. The results suggest the addition of ∼3% Mg is optimum for achieving superplastic elongations at rapid strain rates in the Al–0.2% Sc alloy.     

The strengthening effect of (Ni,Fe)Al precipitates on the mechanical properties at high temperatures of ferritic Fe–Al–Ni–Cr alloys

Strengthening through a homogeneous distribution of a second phase is a concept that is widely employed in high-temperature materials. The most prominent among this group are nickel-based superalloys which owe their high-temperature strength to finely dispersed Ni₃Al particles. Similar microstructures can be obtained in the Fe–Al–Ni–Cr system with B2-ordered (Ni,Fe)Al precipitates in a ferritic matrix. These precipitates lead to an increase of high-temperature strength compared to conventional iron-base high-temperature alloys. However, secondary precipitates form during air cooling from high temperatures and affect the ductility. The results show that the ductility can be improved by a two-step aging treatment. Within the stress and temperature range investigated, the dependence of the secondary creep rate on the applied stress of aged alloys can be described by a power law if a threshold stress is introduced.     

低钴储氢合金Ml0．9Mg0．1Ni3．4Co0．3Al0．3电化学性能研究

为了降低AB5犁储氢合金的成本，对低钴的Ml0．9Mg0．1Ni3．4Co0．3Al0．3合金的组织结构和性能进行了研究，并与工业储氢合金MmNi3.55Co0.75Mn0.4Al0.3进行了对比。实验结果表明：此低钴合金是由LaNi5主相和LaNi3第二相构成。它们的储氢晕（ω,％）分别为1．36％和1．37％，最大放电容量分别为320mAh／g和324mAh／g，循环稳定性为：300次充放电循环后，2种合金剩余容晕都是88％。但Ml0．9Mg0．1Ni3．4Co0．3Al0．3的高倍率放电性能明显优于MmNi3．55Co0．75Mn0．4Al0.3合金。主要原因是由于LaNi3第二相的乍成不仪提高了合金颗粒表面的电化学催化活性，而且提高了结构韧性从而抵消了低钴合金颗粒粉化的不利影响。