高能球磨法制备纳米金属铜粒子工艺条件研究

将粗颗粒铜粉、助磨剂、N68基础油按一定比例混合,在高能行星球磨机中对其进行湿法超细研磨,最终得到了纳米铜“液”。考察了球磨时间、球磨速度、球料比和助磨剂对纳米铜“液”中纳米铜粒子粒度的影响,确定了采用硬脂酸为助磨剂,球磨速度为600 r/m in,球磨时间为100 h,球料比为50∶1时为最佳的纳米铜粒子制备工艺方案。     

SiC纳米粉体的高能球磨制备方法

以工业SiC粉末为原料，用高能球磨机制备了SiC纳米粉。用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪对球磨后的粉末进行了形貌观察和相结构分析，统计了SiC粉体尺寸随球磨时间的变化规律。结果表明，随着时间的延长，粉末逐渐细化至纳米级，可以细化到30nm左右，但球磨时间超过25h后粉末颗粒继续细化的速度明显放慢。     

高能球磨法制备FeSiAl纳米晶合金粉

用高纯氩气保护的室温球磨技术制备了FeSiAl纳米晶合金粉末;用XRD对原料粉末的合金化过程及合金粉末粒径和微观应变随球磨时间的变化进行了研究;用SEM、DSC对制得的FeSiAl纳米晶合金粉末的显微形貌及固态相变进行了研究.结果表明:在球磨初始的冷焊阶段,硅、铝原子就已经进入铁的晶格形成间隙固溶体,随着球磨时间的增加合金粉末微观应变增加、平均粒径迅速减小,球磨40 h后获得的合金粉末的平均粒径达到9 nm左右;球磨过程中形成的大量晶格畸变、微观应变等因素降低了合金粉末的相变温度,并使合金粉末处于不稳定能态.     

球磨参数对镁合金材料晶粒尺寸的影响规律

在机械球磨驱动力下,采用镁合金与氢气发生固-气反应,得到M g H2,以此达到细化晶粒的效果。采用球磨工艺对镁合金的晶粒进行细化,能得到具有不同于粗晶粒的优异性能,利用优异的性能使其在广泛的制造业得到充分利用。为了求得最佳的球磨工艺参数,对球料比、球磨时间、球磨机转速以及氢气压力这4个参数分别进行对比试验。正交后获得最佳的镁合金粉末球磨工艺条件,并制得20nm晶粒尺寸的氢化态粉末。     

片状超细WS_2粉末的制备及其润滑性能研究

当WS2粉末的基面与材料表面平行时,润滑效果最好,因此纳米片状形貌能极大地改善WS2粉末的润滑效果。为制备纳米片状WS2粉末,将分析纯WO3和S粉末在氩气保护下进行球磨,将球磨后的混合粉末在硫蒸气气氛中进行硫化得到WS2粉末。基于XRD和SEM的成分和形貌分析表明,通过球磨加硫化的方法成功制备出边缘长度在250~500 nm,厚度小于100 nm的片状超细WS2粉末。将片状超细WS2粉末添加到石蜡油中进行标准四球摩擦试验,结果表明:该粉末可显著提高石蜡油最大无卡咬负荷值,同时有效减小磨斑直径,其中质量分数1.3%的片状超细WS2粉末可使石蜡油的最大无卡咬负荷值增加118 N,质量分数1.5%的片状超细WS2粉末可使试样的平均磨斑直径减小0.33 mm。     

锰粉在水溶液中球磨生成相的研究

使用高能行星式球磨机,在不同水溶液中球磨了金属锰粉末,通过XRD和TEM对生成相种类及其形貌进行研究。结果表明：球磨一段时间后,在机械力作用下,锰与水反应并获得了粒径为30～100nm的γ-Mn3O4;继续球磨,γ-Mn3O4进一步氧化或发生晶型转变;而且加入微量HCl和MnSO4极大地加快了反应速度,而加入微量NaOH则抑制了反应速度,并用Mn-H2O的电位-pH图对这些现象进行了解释。     

镍在机械合金化制备WC粉体中的加速作用

应用XRD、SEM、化学分析等手段对加入镍前后球磨不同时间的钨-碳混合粉末进行了对比分析。结果表明：当球料比为30：1,球磨50h后,设加镍的混合粉末中仍存在大量未反应的钨和碳,WC含量很少;当加入质量分数为5％的镍后,相同条件下混合粉末中出现大量的WC,而未反应的钨和碳的含量很少;说明在机械合金化制备WC的过程中,镍能缩短反应时间,提高反应速率。     

高能球磨制备铜/碳复合粉末及其静压固化

将粗铜粉和石墨粉按不同配比混合后进行机械合金化,球磨后粉末在1．5GPa下静压固化。采用扫描电镜对粉末及固化试样进行了显微组织观察,应用XRD对球磨后粉末进行相分析,测定了固化试样的密度和显微硬度。结果表明：粉末颗粒随含碳量的增加、球磨时间的延长而逐渐细化;固化试样的硬度与含碳量和球磨时间有关,硬度随含碳量的增加而降低;而当粉末球磨24h时,固化试样的硬度最高。     

纳米NiO/Zn复合粉体的合成及其表征

用高能球磨工艺合成了不同锌含量的锌包覆纳米NiO复合微粉。用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、X射线能谱仪等对复合粉末进行了微观测试分析。结果表明，纳米NiO质量分数为10％的NiO／Zn混合粉末在球料比为3：1、球磨机转速为1450r／min、球磨600min后全部形成纳米NiO／Zn层包覆复合微粉，而纳米NiO达到理想的单分散效果。     

高能球磨制备纳米掺La硬质合金粉末

用XRD、SEM和DTA等分析检测手段，研究了高能球磨过程中，掺La硬质合金粉末的结构、形貌和相的变化。结果表明：微量La的加入，有利于硬质合金粉末晶粒的细化；高能球磨10h，即可获得晶粒度为30nm的掺La硬质合金粉末；高能球磨20h,Co相的X－ray衍射峰消失，说明Co相已完全固溶或亚固溶于WC相中。高能球磨30h，可获得晶粒度约10nm的掺La硬质合金粉末。DTA分析表明，与高能球磨前的粉末相比，在300－600℃温度范围内加热时，高能球磨掺La硬质合金粉末出现了明显的结构弛豫，说明粉末晶粒内部产生了许多缺陷，如：内应力、位错、晶格畸变等。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.