聚丙烯实用化技术进展

介绍了近年来聚丙烯的实用化技术进展，包括聚丙烯／无机纳米粘土复合材料、聚丙烯微发泡塑料、成核剂改性聚丙烯材料及长玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料等的技术进展和产品应用概况。     

光触媒产品的组分分析

采用化学分析法、电子能谱仪、红外光谱仪对某外资企业的光触媒产品进行分析。实验结果表明：光触媒产品中二氧化钛的含量为0．092g／L，钙离子总浓度达到14．84g／L，无机物存在有次氯酸钙和氯化钙，有机物存在有聚乙烯和聚丙烯酰胺。     

具有高透明度的茂金属聚丙烯共聚物

据“www．ptonline．com”报道，LyondellBasell公司开发了牌号为RM2073的茂金属聚丙烯共聚物，可提供产品优异的透明度，可用于食品和饮料包装、食品托盘／盖子、饮水杯／水罐、贮藏容器、CD／DVD盒和医用产品等。这种茂金属聚丙烯共聚物的透明度可与聚碳酸酯和可提供像玻璃一样透明度的其他工程聚合物的相当，并且其熔体流动速率高达40g／10min，可提高生产能力，     

丙纶烟用丝束料在间歇式聚丙烯装置上的研制

采用氢调方法，在间歇式液相本体法聚丙烯装置上研制生产了粉料烟用丝束料。粉料烟用丝束料的熔体流动指数为20．8g／10min，等规指数大于或等于97％，灰分为130μg／g，分子量分布为3．8。该产品与用过氧化物降解法制得的粒料烟用丝束料进行了纺丝对比，说明聚丙烯粉料用于生产烟用丝束是可行的。     

德国Kraiburg公司新品牌Thermolast V

据“http：／／www．pushi．con．cn／upload／perusal／p 2006090520285951．doc，2006-09-05”报道，Thermolast V为德国Kraiburg公司一个新品牌，代表了一系列全新的热塑性弹性体（TPE）-V产品，其力学性能、动态力学性能与老化性能均优于三元乙丙橡胶（EPDM）／聚丙烯（PP）产品，或者至少与之相当。     

1.2＊10^4t／a聚丙烯装置扩能技术改造

呼和浩特炼油厂根据丙烯产量，市场需求及生产装置实际情况，对１．０＊１０＾４ｔ／ａ聚丙烯装置进行了系列技术改造，使生产能力达到了１．２＊１０＾４ｔ／ａ，产品民上了一个新台阶。     

高发泡聚丙烯研发获重要进展

中科院宁波材料所研发的超临界流体发泡通用大品种聚丙烯项目日前取得重要进展，实现了高发泡倍率（密度小于0．04g／cm3）发泡聚丙烯的长时问稳定量产，且生产重复性好。他们在此基础上开发的低发泡倍率的聚丙烯微发泡仿藤条产品及窄幅片材产品引起了厂家的兴趣。     

NA催化剂在高速BOPP薄膜专用树脂生产中的应用

介绍了国产NA催化剂应用于高速双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜专用树脂F400-H生产的情况,并与进口催化剂进行了对比。结果表明,用NA催化剂生产的F400-H,催化剂平均活性达22．7kg／g,产品等规指数达97．4％,均优于进口催化剂。装置运行稳定,产品性能优良,薄膜拉伸速度达到380m／mim以上,且不易破断。     

聚丙烯实用化技术进展

2001年中国聚丙烯消费量为530．3万吨，位居世界第二。但是无论是聚合改性还是共混改性中国和国际先进水平还有不小的差距。本文介绍了近年来聚丙稀的实用化技术进展，包括聚丙烯/无机纳米粘土复合材料、聚丙烯微发泡塑料、成核剂改性聚丙烯材料及长玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料等领域的技术进展和产品应用概况。     

聚丙烯催化剂与高性能产品开发技术进展

聚丙烯作为一种重要的合成树脂,在现代工业中应用广泛。随着科学技术的不断进步,聚丙烯材料的性能和应用范围也得到了不断提升。其中,聚丙烯催化剂的研发、气相法在聚丙烯生产工艺的技术发展、聚丙烯高性能产品的研究进展是聚丙烯技术的重要方向。本文将从这三个方面进行综述,以期为聚丙烯技术的发展和应用提供有益参考。     

Thermal Reactions of Hydrated Hexagonal RPO4·nH2O (R=Tb or Dy, n=0.5 to 1)

The thermal reactions of hydrated hexagonal RPO_4·nH₂O (R=Tb or Dy, n=0.5 to 1) were studied at 20° to 1800°C in air under atmospheric pressure. The hydrated hexagonal forms were dehydrated at 180° to 250°C. Thereafter, no significant changes in structure were seen up to 800°C (R=Tb) or 700°C (R=Dy). The water corresponding to nH₂O was zeolitic water. Anhydrous hexagonal RPO₄ gradually transformed into the monazite structure at 900°C (R=Tb) or 800°C (R=Dy), then into the xenotime structure at temperatures above 1100°C (R=Tb) or 900°C (R=Dy).     

转子流量计的(C_R/Re)～Re图及其应用

提出转子流量计的ＣＲ／Ｒｅ计算式,并绘制了（ＣＲ／Ｒｅ）～Ｒｅ关系曲线图。利用该图,不需试差即可直接计算转子流量计的流量系数ＣＲ。     

红球菌CCZU10-1选择性氧化拆分外消旋苯甲亚砜的性能

为了高效地合成高光学纯手性亚砜,在单水相体系中利用Rhodococcus sp. CCZU10-1选择性氧化拆分外消旋苯甲亚砜（rac-PMSO）合成了(S)-PMSO（ee>99.9%）。通过考察反应pH值、反应温度、摇床转速、辅助底物、生物催化剂添加量对催化反应的影响,确定了最适反应条件。结果表明最适反应条件为：反应pH值8.0、反应温度30℃、摇床转速180r/min、辅助底物为半乳糖（50mmol/L）、细胞浓度为0.08g(湿重)/mL。在最适反应条件下生物转化20mmol/L rac-PMSO时,(R)-PMSO完全转化,(S)-PMSO（ee>99.9%）产率为47.1%。因此,研究结果为工业化生产(S)-PMSO奠定了基础。     

Nitrogen use efficiency in different rice-based rotations in southern China

Experiments in fields and micro-plots were conducted to investigate the optimal cropping system and nitrogen (N) fertilizer application rate and timing. The treatments consisted of Chinese milk vetch–rice (CMV–R) rotation with five N fertilizer application rates (0, 120, 180, 240, 300 kg N ha^?1) during the rice-growing season, and fallow–rice (F–R) and wheat–rice (W–R) rotations with only one N application rate (240 kg N ha^?1) each. Rice yield increased with increasing N fertilizer application rate under CMV–R rotation, and achieved highest yield under CMV–R180. There is a decreasing trend when N application rate exceeded 180 kg N ha^?1. Rice yield was always higher under CMV–R240 compared to W–R240 and F–R240. During the 2012 rice season, the fertilizer N-use efficiency, residual N fertilizer in soil and N fertilizer recovery efficiency of CMV–R180 reached largest under CMV–R rotation with different N treatments. Furthermore, the fertilizer N-use and recovery efficiencies of CMV–R240 and F–R240 were far higher than those of W–R240. In 2013, fertilizer N-use efficiency was the highest (>?50%) at the heading stage, which was nearly twice as much as the efficiencies during the basal and tillering stages. The N fertilizer loss rate during the basal stage was significantly higher than that at the tillering and heading stages, which was up to 60%. CMV–R rotation with 180 kg N ha^?1 achieved the highest rice yield of 9454 kg ha^?1 and high fertilizer N-use efficiency (40.6%) under a relatively lower N application rate. Therefore, Chinese milk vetch–rice cropping system could be a promising approach for decreasing fertilizer inputs to prevent N pollution problems and increasing rice yield, especially for the intensive rice-based cropping systems in southern China.     

降低涤纶短纤维180℃干热收缩率的工艺探讨

本文对影响涤纶棉型短纤维180℃干热收缩率的工艺因素作了探讨。指出紧张热定型的穿丝方式、加热时间和温度是影响180℃干热收缩率的主要因素。松弛定型在紧张定型效果不强烈的情况下,也可使干热收缩率降低,且紧张和松弛定型均可使纤维结晶度变化。采用紧张辊面温度为185℃,紧张五、八辊全穿,较低松弛定型温度的生产工艺,可得到180℃干热收缩率为7—8%,断裂强度5.48cN/dtex,断裂伸长19—24%的高强低伸棉型纤维。     

Evaluation of the parameters affecting nitrogen and phosphorus removal in anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A/A/O) biological nutrient removal systems

Considerable research has been performed on biological nutrient removal (BNR) systems which remove the problematic nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorus, that cause eutrophication. This research focussed on setting up two laboratory‐scale anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A/A/O) systems and investigating their reliability while undergoing various parameter changes. Pump failure, in the first trial, R1, led to a decrease in pH, exposure of the sludge to relatively low nitrate concentrations and reduction of the suspended solids concentration within the system. This adversely affected the phosphorus removal efficiency. Shock loading the system with increased influent phosphate concentrations for 56 days was shown to aid remediation of the phosphorus removal efficiency to values between 65 and 70% (w/w). The second trial, R2, highlighted the presence of bacteria capable of P‐uptake under anoxic conditions (in the presence of nitrate). The characteristic anaerobic P‐release was also evident. The bacteria responsible for phosphate uptake under anoxic conditions are thought to be the denitrifying phosphate removing bacteria (DPB). However, the presence of higher nitrate concentrations retarded the P‐removal efficiency to some extent. Secondary release of P was evident in the clarifier of the A/A/O system during the R2 trial and especially during times of increased nitrate concentrations in the system. Between 20 and 40% (w/w) of the P taken up in the oxic stage of the system was released in the clarifier at various stages throughout the trial. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

870t/d二氧化碳汽提法尿素装置的生产运行

从工艺流程、投料试车、试生产、技术改造等方面系统介绍了黑化集团870 t/d二氧化碳汽提法尿素装置的生产运行情况,着重分析了试生产过程中存在的问题及原因,简述了技改措施和效果。装置主要生产数据表明,生产负荷达到80%,实现了高产、低耗、长周期稳定运行的目标。     

氢气压缩机机封冷却水循环利用改造

针对18万t/a离子膜烧碱装置中氢气处理系统的氢气压缩机机封水压力不稳定等问题,对工艺进行了改造,改造后的生产工艺安全、稳定,每年可节约电费14.26万元,节约水费3.8万元。     

13th International Drying Symposium (IDS2002) Beijing, P.R. China August 27-30, 2002

The 3 volumes of IDS2002 proceedings can be purchased by sending your name, address and money order (US$120 for sea mail, US$180 for air mail and US$210 for express mail) to:

Beijing University of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 100, Beijing 100029, P.R. China     

聚酯装置的增容改造

对原有装置的部分设备进行了改造,对工艺管线进行了局部整改,对生产工艺进行相应地调整,使装置的生产能力从180t/d提高到260t/d。改造后的设备运行稳定,大幅度降低了生产成本,产品品质达到增容前的水平,取得了明显的经济效益。