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对锥形角γ=30°扇形喷孔横向紊动射流进行了大涡模拟,在吹风比M=1.0工况下模拟了不同截面上涡量随时间变化的过程,并对各种涡的流动机理进行了分析.结果表明:对称面的正、反向旋转涡、垂直截面的马蹄形涡的两翼周期性地交替脱落成新的涡,对称面涡的周期为0.024 s,马蹄形涡的周期为0.032 s;反向旋涡对气膜冷却流场有重要影响,沿主气流流动方向的无量纲长度X/D在1~2时,反向旋涡的涡量值逐渐衰减;当X/D>4时,反向旋涡开始逐渐消失,导致壁面附近的能量交换快,对底面的冷却效果好;由于在射流上游和下游的压力梯度不等,造成射流两侧的脉动速度变化不一致,导致了反向旋涡的不对称分布. 相似文献
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为了研究气膜孔复合角和孔排布方式对冲击诱导旋流气膜双层壁冷却流动与耦合传热的影响,采用流固耦合的数值计算方法,对不同吹风比下4种气膜孔复合角的综合冷却效率和射流流动结构进行了详细研究,同时研究了两种气膜孔排布方式对旋流双层壁结构流动和传热的影响,揭示了4种气膜孔复合角θ下射流空间旋涡的形成、发展和演化过程,并对比分析了不同吹风比下4种气膜孔复合角对面积平均综合冷却效率和总压损失系数的影响。结果表明:气膜孔排布方式不同时,气膜孔复合角对综合冷却效率的影响相差较大。吹风比为1.0时,单旋流交错排布方式下增大气膜孔复合角可以有效提高射流的展向覆盖范围,从而提高综合冷却效率,θ=30°时的面积平均综合冷却效率比θ=0°时高约14.22%;双旋流交错排布时θ=30°比θ=0°时的面积综合冷却效率提高约4.58%。吹风比增加到2.0时,由于射流穿透主流吹离了冷却壁面,降低了气膜保护效果,使得冷却壁面均匀性变差,并且双旋流交错排布时尤为明显。随着吹风比的增加,两种气膜孔排布方式的总压损失系数均呈指数形式增加。 相似文献
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为了获得吹风比对新型气膜冷却孔冷却效率的影响规律,利用Fluent软件求解Navier-Stokes方程,对吹风比分别为0.5、1.0、1.5和2.0时单入口-双出口孔射流冷却效率进行了数值模拟计算,得到了不同吹风比下的流场和冷却效率.结果表明:吹风比对冷却效率有很大影响;随着吹风比的提高,不同次孔方位角下的冷却效率变化规律也不相同;当次孔方位角γ=30°时,吹风比为1.0时的冷却效率最高;当γ=45°时,冷却效率随着吹风比提高而提高;当γ=60°时,冷却效率随着吹风比提高而降低;在研究高吹风比对气膜冷却效率的影响时,γ=45°最佳. 相似文献
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压力面气膜冷却射流复合角的数值研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于冷气喷射模型的验证结果,对复合角分别为0°、30°和60°三种条件下的叶片压力面前部单排孔喷射的气膜冷却特性进行了三维环形叶栅数值模拟,详细分析了在不同吹风比条件下的叶片气膜冷却效率特征。分析结果表明:Coolinh/Bleed冷气喷射模型得出的预测结果可靠。复合角使射流孔附近孔间区域冷却效率值升高。低吹风比下,复合角不能改善展向气膜冷却效率分布的均匀性;高吹风比下,复合角使展向气膜冷却效率更加均匀分布,且可减弱冷却射流脱离壁面的程度。但是,复合角不一定能增强冷却孔下游的整体气膜冷却效果。 相似文献
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在平板气膜实验台上安装涡流发生器(VG)来模拟叶栅中的流向涡,利用红外相机测量吹风比M=0.5~2.5时的气膜冷却效率和传热系数,分析二次流对扇形孔气膜冷却效果的影响.结果 表明:流向涡增强了主流与气膜射流的掺混,导致气膜绝热冷却效率明显下降以及覆盖面积减小,气膜面平均冷却效率最高降低了63%;当吹风比达到2.5时,流向涡能抑制扇形孔射流在高吹风比时的吹离趋势,抵消了部分主流与冷气掺混导致的气膜横向平均冷却效率降低的影响;流向涡使气膜与壁面的横向传热系数比增大了3.5%,壁面的热通量比最高上升了20%,在低吹风比时气膜失去了对壁面的保护作用. 相似文献
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采用高精度红外热像仪测量了平板绝热气膜冷却效率,比较了双叉排孔和单排孔气膜冷却效率,分析了吹风比(M=0.65,1.0,1.5)和脉动频率(St=0,0.01,0.015,0.025)以及孔间作用对气膜冷却效率的影响,结合数值计算得到的瞬态流场和温度场分析了脉动射流气膜冷却下的流动传热机理。结果表明:在稳态射流工况下,单排孔的气膜冷却效率随着吹风比的增加而减小,双叉排孔的气膜冷却效率却随着吹风比的增加而增大;在脉动射流时,单排和双叉排孔的气膜冷却效率在低吹风比下低于稳态射流,在高吹风比下,脉动射流对气膜冷却效率的影响减小,且低频脉动射流气膜冷却效率略高于稳态射流。 相似文献
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为研究燃气轮机叶片表面曲率对气膜冷却性能的影响,对二维斜缝曲面模型(凹面、凸面和平板)进行了数值模拟,选取冷却流体射流入射角35°、主射流密度比1.5,采用RNGk-ε湍流模型计算得到不同吹风比(0.5、1.2和2.0)下斜缝气膜冷却曲面模型壁面的传热系数.结果表明:低吹风比(M=0.5)时,壁面压力梯度越大,传热系数越小;中吹风比(M=1.2)时,射流对主流扰动加剧,传热加强,凹面总体传热系数比凸面小;高吹风比(M=2.0)时,曲率对传热系数的影响减弱,传热系数差异不大. 相似文献
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复合角度气膜冷却叶片的数值模拟 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用Realizable k-ε紊流模型,并结合Simplec算法和有限元法对体积进行离散,研究了静止叶栅前缘射流孔在2种复合角度α=30°、β=45°和α=135°、β=45°,不同吹风比M=0.5、M=1.0、M=1.5,主流温度为T∞=293 K时的压力面和吸力面温度场,并分析了典型工况下的气膜冷却效率.结果表明:相同复合角度、不同吹风比的压力面和吸力面冷却效率曲线变化趋势一致;前缘复合角度射流对整个吸力面的冷却效率有较大影响,随着吹风比的增大,冷却效率提高;当前缘复合角度为α=30°、β=45°时,压力面冷却效率随着吹风比的增大而提高,而当前缘复合角度为α=135°、β=45°时,随着吹风比的增大,压力面的冷却效率降低. 相似文献
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Baruch Givoni Author Vitae 《Solar Energy》2011,85(8):1692-1726
This chapter will present experimental data from studies in test cells, and from monitoring indoor temperatures in un-occupied and in occupied buildings, when data was available, regardless of the dates of the research, not just recent research. In many cases where sufficiently measured data of the outdoor and the indoor temperatures was available, formulas have been generated, expressing the indoor temperatures of the building or the test model as a function of the outdoor temperatures. In cases where long-term monitoring has been conducted, predicting formulas were generated: data from one period was used for the generation of the formulas while the data other period was used for their validation. All the formulas represent the experimental data and conditions of the various studies. They are not intended to be used for general prediction of the performance of the tested passive cooling system. 相似文献
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燃气轮机透平叶片传热和冷却研究:内部冷却 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
随着燃气轮机透平进口温度的不断提高,其换热与冷却问题已然成为现代高性能燃气轮机研发中亟待解决的核心关键技术之一.透平叶片的冷却可以分为内部冷却和外部冷却,结合作者近年的研究工作,详细综述了燃气轮机透平叶片内部换热与冷却问题的研究现状与进展,着重介绍了叶片内部蛇形通道冷却、叶片内部冲击冷却和前缘的旋流冷却及尾缘柱肋冷却,指出了它们各自在相关方面需要进一步开展的工作.其中:在蛇形通道冷却方面,需要进一步研究旋转状态下蛇形通道内流动与换热特性、发展高性能的扰流装置及通道弯头结构、设计新颖高效的叶顶内部冷却结构、获得带气膜孔或冲击孔的蛇形通道内的换热与冷却特性;在叶片前缘内部冲击冷却方面,需要研究不同曲率面上的冲击冷却换热特性、旋转条件下的冲击冷却以及冲击气膜复合冷却特性;在旋流冷却方面,需要对其结构参数的影响开展进一步的广泛研究,并开展旋转状态下旋流冷却特性的研究;在尾缘柱肋冷却方面,需要进一步研究复杂流场下柱肋阵列通道中的流动换热与众敏感因子之间的关系. 相似文献
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燃气轮机透平叶顶区域存在复杂的流动和换热问题,承受很高的热负荷。为了降低透平动叶叶顶温度,在透平叶顶现有结构的基础上提出气膜冷却和气膜+内冷通道冷却两种叶顶冷却方案,并通过流热耦合计算分析冷却升级前后叶顶区域的换热和流动特性。研究发现:叶顶气膜冷却方案可有效降低叶顶温度,特别是叶顶前缘至中弦区域;而气膜+内冷通道冷却方案基于外部气膜冷却,结合内部冷却通道设计,可进一步降低叶顶尾缘的温度;与原型叶片相比,气膜+内部冷气通道的复合冷却设计可以使叶顶尾缘最高温度降低24 K。 相似文献
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多通道壁面射流冷却结构是一种新型的燃气透平动叶内部冷却结构,具有消耗冷气少、压力损失小等优点。本文构建了简化的壁面射流冷却叶片与GE-E3冷却结构叶片模型,采用流热耦合方法对比研究了其流动与换热特性。结果表明,壁面射流冷却通道内的狭小空间抑制了横流的产生,冷气在冷却通道中形成了流向涡;前缘冷气流道中的大量冷气流经吸力侧冷却区,并从出口压力更小、面积更大的尾缘排出,使得前缘气膜孔出流的冷气流量和动量较小,冷气在叶片外表面的气膜覆盖特性更好;离心力的影响导致前缘冷气流道中叶根处的压力较低,叶根附近的气膜孔出现燃气主流入侵现象。相比于GE-E3叶片,壁面射流冷却叶片的前缘温度和温度梯度都较小,因此多通道壁面射流冷却在前缘具有更优异的冷却特性。 相似文献
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In this study, an experimental prototype was built to examine the use of an underground water tank as a heat exchange medium with the soil to reduce photovoltaic (PV) panel operation temperatures and simultaneously improve PV efficiency. Three PV systems were evaluated: a benchmark PV panel without cooling (panel A); a PV panel with water spray cooling (panel B); and a PV panel with evaporative cooling (panel C). The cooling techniques in modules (B) and (C) were used to investigate the effects of underground water on the performance of PV panels in arid conditions. Four cases were devised as follows: spray panel back cooling (I), spray front and back cooling (II), spray front and back cooling using an Arduino controller (III), and repeating case III with different water flow rates (IV). Readings were taken from 9:00 am to 4:00 pm from May to August. The experimental results showed that the use of underground water spray cooling led to reductions in the temperature of PV panel B, 14°C, 17.6°C, 18.8°C, and 22.7°C for cases I, II, III, and IV, respectively, when compared with the uncooled panel, and efficiency improved by 3.5%, 4.8%, 18%, and 23.1%, respectively. 相似文献
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B.J. Huang J.H. Wu R.H. Yen J.H. Wang H.Y. Hsu C.J. Hsia C.W. Yen J.M. Chang 《Solar Energy》2011,85(11):2802-2810
The long-term system simulation and economic analysis of solar-assisted cooling/heating system (SACH-2) was carried out in order to find an economical design. The solar heat driven ejector cooling system (ECS) is used to provide part of the cooling load to reduce the energy consumption of the air conditioner installed as the base-load cooler. A standard SACH-2 system for cooling load 3.5 kW (1 RT) and daily cooling time 10 h is used for case study. The cooling performance is assumed only in summer seasons from May to October. In winter season from November to April, only heat is supplied. Two installation locations (Taipei and Tainan) were examined.It was found from the cooling performance simulation that in order to save 50% energy of the air conditioner, the required solar collector area is 40 m2 in Taipei and 31 m2 in Tainan, for COPj = 0.2. If the solar collector area is designed as 20 m2, the solar ejector cooling system will supply about 17–26% cooling load in Taipei in summer season and about 21–27% cooling load in Tainan. Simulation for long-term performance including cooling in summer (May–October) and hot water supply in winter (November–April) was carried out to determine the monthly-average energy savings. The corresponding daily hot water supply (with 40 °C temperature rise of water) for 20 m2 solar collector area is 616–858 L/day in Tainan and 304–533 L/day in Taipei.The economic analysis shows that the payback time of SACH-2 decreases with increasing cooling capacity. The payback time is 4.8 years in Tainan and 6.2 years in Taipei when the cooling capacity >10 RT. If the ECS is treated as an additional device used as a protective equipment to avoid overheating of solar collectors and to convert the excess solar heat in summer into cooling to reduce the energy consumption of air conditioner, the payback time is less than 3 years for cooling capacity larger than 3 RT. 相似文献
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High-performance and very compact heat sinks have been developed for effective cooling of VLSIs with high heat-generation densities. Their heat transfer and pressure loss characteristics in air-jet cooling have been experimentally studied. The highly compact heat sinks were plate-fin arrays with a very small fin pitch of 0.4–2.0 mm. The rectangular jet nozzle width that gave the highest cooling performance was 30 to 40% of the streamwise length of the heat sinks. The influence of fin height on heat transfer became weak when the ratio of the height to the thickness of the fin exceeded approximately 35. When the air flow rate was constant, the thermal conductance increased as the fin pitch decreased. For a constant fin pitch, heat sinks with smaller fin thickness showed larger thermal conductance at a given blower power consumption. In our experimental range, the heat dissipation rate per unit heat sink volume increased as the base plate area of the heat sink became small. © 1998 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Jpn Res, 27(6): 399–414, 1998 相似文献
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大功率晶闸管的冷却技术 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
简要介绍了晶闸管各种冷却方式的特点、原理及其发展现状。认为浸泡式蒸发冷却具有不可比拟的优越性和很好的发展前途。由于浸泡式蒸发冷却要用完全密闭形式,导致系统内部压力在真空到0.3MPa之间波动。而大型冷却容器作为压力容器受到法律限制,因此严重影响了它的发展。鉴于此,提出了恒压浸泡式蒸发冷却系统,并对其特点及原理做了简单分析。 相似文献