ABS制品实用电镀着色工艺

介绍(丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯)共聚物(ABS)制品的表面预处理、化学镀铜、电镀光亮铜和镀铜层着色等工艺,提供了一整套ABS电镀着色的实用配方和工艺参数,包括去应力、除油、粗化、敏化、活化、还原处理及镀铜层五色系实用着色等。用该工艺处理后ABS镀层外观平整、光亮,能极大地延长ABS制品的使用寿命。     

基于激光活化的ABS塑料表面化学镀铜工艺

先在ABS塑料基材上涂覆由10 g/L硫酸铜和30 g/L次磷酸钠组成的混合液,然后进行激光活化,再化学镀铜。ABS塑料经激光活化后表面附着了一层均匀的铜微粒。通过正交试验得到化学镀铜的最佳配方和工艺条件为:CuSO_4·5H_2O_7 g/L,乙二胺四乙酸15 g/L,甲醛10 mL/L,硫脲0.3 mg/L,NaOH 6 g/L,十二烷基硫酸钠20 mg/L,pH 12~13,温度30°C,时间30 min。采用最优工艺所得镀铜层表面平滑、光洁,厚度分布均匀,结合力良好。     

ABS塑料表面电沉积铜工艺研究

介绍了一种ABS塑料表面电沉积铜工艺,工艺流程主要包括:表面整理,去应力,粗化,敏化,活化,化学镀铜,光亮酸性镀铜.通过平行试验得到ABS塑料上电镀铜的较佳工艺条件为:无水硫酸铜140g/L,硫酸60g/L,氯离子30mg/L,光亮剂3 mL/L,磷铜片阳极(P含量为0.03%～0.06%),温度40℃,电流密度1.5～3.0A/dm2,电镀时间5 min.扫描电镜及性能测试结果表明,所得铜镀层光亮、均匀,与塑料基体结合良好.     

ABS塑料表面无钯活化化学镀铜

以20 g/L硫酸铜(CuSO_4)溶液为预活化液、50 g/L次亚磷酸钠(NaH_2PO_2)酸性溶液为活化液,在高温条件下直接还原吸附在丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)塑料上的铜离子形成活化中心,实现了ABS塑料表面无钯活化化学镀铜。通过单因素分析法研究了基体预活化时间、活化液p H值、活化温度及时间对基体镀层覆盖率的影响。采用扫描电镜与能谱仪对活化后基体的表面形貌和元素成分进行分析,利用X射线衍射仪分析了镀层结构,并通过高低温冲击法对镀层结合性进行评价。结果表明,当预活化时间为20 min,活化液p H值为3,活化温度为70℃,活化时间为10 min时,活化效果最佳;活化后,基体表面生成大量胞状铜微粒,对化学镀铜具有较强的催化作用;施镀后,镀层结构均匀致密,覆盖率为100%,结合性良好。     

激光活化参数对塑料表面通过化学镀铜制备电子线路的影响

先将10 g/L CuSO_4·5H_2O+30 g/L NaH_2PO_2·H_2O活化液均匀涂覆于ABS基体表面,再采用激光活化工艺在基体表面得到具有催化活性的电子线路图形,最后通过化学镀铜得到电子线路。研究了激光功率、光斑直径和扫描速率对电子线路上铜层覆盖率的影响。表征了化学镀铜层的表面形貌、相结构、可焊性和结合力。当激光功率为2.0 W,光斑直径为0.2 mm,扫描速率为12 mm/s时,线路的活化效果最佳,化学镀铜后线路边缘整齐,铜层覆盖率为100%,电阻率为3.6μ?·cm,可焊性和结合力良好。     

高度取向碳纳米管化学镀铜工艺及其性能

[目的]在高度取向碳纳米管(SA-CNTs)薄膜表面均匀地镀上一层铜可以提高其电磁屏蔽性能,为其在柔性电路板、高速微处理器、雷达反射装置、移动通信设备等方面的应用奠定基础。[方法]首先对SA-CNTs薄膜表面进行碱性除油,然后采用多巴胺预活化,在SA-CNTs薄膜上形成一层聚多巴胺层,为后续AgNO₃活化提供更多的活化基点,并且由于聚多巴胺的还原性,AgNO₃能够在SA-CNTs薄膜上直接形成纳米银微粒,有助于化学镀铜时快速起镀,最终在SA-CNTs薄膜表面获得均匀、致密的金属铜层。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和接触角测量仪研究了多巴胺预活化对化学镀铜的影响。通过正交试验优化了化学镀铜工艺,分析了较优工艺条件下所得Cu镀覆SA-CNTs薄膜的表面形貌、相结构和电磁屏蔽性能。[结果]经多巴胺预活化的SA-CNTs薄膜表面可有效快速地进行化学镀铜反应,施镀过程中镀液性能稳定,所得Cu镀层结合力良好,在4～18 GHz频段的平均电磁屏蔽效能达到103.07 d B。[结论]多巴胺预活化有利于促进SA-CNTs薄膜表面化学镀铜,提高...     

ABS塑料表面镀铜工艺的研究

研究了温度、p H、缓冲剂以及搅拌方式对ABS塑料上化学镀铜沉积速率的影响。化学镀铜最佳条件为:在机械搅拌或者氮气搅拌下,θ为30~35℃,p H为11.0~11.5。利用X-射线衍射仪、光电子能谱仪和扫描电子显微仪分别对ABS塑料经过粗化、化学镀铜、电镀铜后的晶型结构、价态和表面形貌进行分析。价态分析表明,化学镀铜表面为Cu、Cu O、Cu2O和Cu(OH)2;电镀铜表面为Cu、Cu O。扫描电镜观察表明,化学镀铜可以将ABS塑料表面上大面积覆盖上铜,但存在少量孔道未被覆盖,电镀铜后ABS塑料表面完全被覆盖且结晶表面更致密均匀。     

基于高锰酸钾粗化及乙二醛化学镀铜的ABS塑料电镀工艺

开发了一种环保的ABS塑料电镀工艺,其流程主要为:去应力,碱性除油,粗化,氯化亚锡敏化,银氨活化,硼氢化钾还原,化学镀铜,硫酸盐电镀铜,苯并三氮唑钝化.采用高锰酸钾代替铬酸粗化ABS,以电镀层外观和结合力为性能指标,对粗化工艺进行优化.用乙二醛替代甲醛作化学镀的还原剂,研究了乙二醛的质量分数、pH、温度等对化学镀铜沉积速率的影响.粗化的最佳工艺为:高锰酸钾15g/L,温度45℃,时间50 min.化学镀的最佳工艺为:乙二醛20％(质量分数),温度35℃,时间30 min,pH 13.0.     

双还原剂SHP和DMAB对ABS表面化学镀铜的影响

为进一步改善以次磷酸盐作为还原剂的化学镀铜溶液的沉积速率，采用次磷酸钠(SHP)和二甲胺基甲硼烷(DMAB)构成双还原剂用于化学镀铜溶液中，研究了两种还原剂复合添加浓度对聚丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)表面化学镀铜的影响。利用网格设计法，探讨化学镀铜溶液中两种还原剂复合的适宜浓度配比，通过恒温加热测试，研究两种还原剂的复合添加浓度对化学镀铜溶液稳定性的影响，并采用场发射扫描电子显微镜和X射线能谱分析仪对化学镀铜层的微观形貌和组成进行表征。研究结果表明，在DMAB和SHP的添加浓度分别为0.50 g·L^-1和90 g·L^-1时，DMAB和SHP具有良好的协同作用，此时化学镀铜溶液的稳定性好，化学镀铜的沉积速率最大，为3.14μm·h^-1。化学镀铜层表面铜晶粒排列致密，表面平整，且镀层中铜含量达到97.4%,ABS表面与化学镀铜层之间的粘结强度最高，达到0.95 kN·m^-1。     

2-巯基苯并噻唑对化学镀铜的影响

以甲醛为还原剂,研究了2-巯基苯并噻唑(2-MBT)对ABS塑料化学镀铜沉积速率、铜镀层表面形貌、纯度、平整度及晶型的影响.化学镀铜的工艺条件为:CuSO4·5H2O 10g/L,EDTA-2Na30g/L,HCHO3mL/L,PEG-10002mg/L,2-MBT0～2mg/L,温度70℃或40℃,pH 12.5,时...     

含不同粒度铝粉的铝/冰燃料的燃烧特性

用微米铝粉逐级取代部分纳米铝粉制备铝/冰燃料,采用表面接触法和高速摄影技术研究了不同粒度铝粉改善铝/冰燃料燃烧特性的效果. 结果表明,随微米铝粉取代量增加,铝/冰燃料燃烧反应速率和剧烈程度均先提高后降低,微米铝粉取代量为30%(w)时,铝/冰燃料最高升温速率达6062.24℃/s,是纯纳米铝/冰燃料的3.8倍. 用微米铝粉取代部分纳米铝粉均不同程度提高铝/冰燃料的燃面传播速率,微米铝粉取代量约为20%(w)时燃烧性能最佳,燃面传播速率较纯纳米铝/冰燃料提高57.8%. 在分析实验结果的基础上,建立了铝/冰燃料的燃烧火焰模型.     

环氧树脂/氮化铝复合材料冲击性能的研究

通过钛酸酯偶联剂处理氮化铝(AlN)粉末,采用机械分散和超声波分散相结合的方法,制得环氧树脂/AlN复合材料。实验表明,钛酸酯偶联剂能有效地改善AlN粉末的表面性能,偶联剂质量分数为6%时,改性效果最好;AlN填料质量分数为10%￣20%时,复合材料的冲击韧性较好。冲击断口形貌分析表明,河流状裂纹越窄,数量和分支越多,扩展路径越长,冲击韧性越好,A l N填料改性效果也越好。     

Effect of surface modifiers and surface modification methods on properties of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene/poly(methyl methacrylate)/nano‐calcium carbonate composites

Nano‐calcium carbonate (nano‐CaCO₃) was used in this article to fill acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), which is often used in rapid heat cycle molding process (RHCM). To achieve better adhesion between nano‐CaCO₃ and ABS/PMMA, nano‐CaCO₃ particles were modified by using titanate coupling agent, aluminum–titanium compound coupling agent, and stearic acid. Dry and solution methods were both utilized in the surface modification process. ABS/PMMA/nano‐CaCO₃ composites were prepared in a corotating twin screw extruder. Influence of surface modifiers and surface modification methods on mechanical and flow properties of composites was analyzed. The results showed that collaborative use of aluminum–titanium compound coupling agent and stearic acid for nano‐CaCO₃ surface modification is optimal in ABS/PMMA/nano‐CaCO₃ composites. Coupling agent can increase the melt flow index (MFI) and tensile yield strength of ABS/PMMA/nano‐CaCO₃ composites. The Izod impact strength of composites increases with the addition of titanate coupling agent up to 1 wt %, thereafter the Izod impact strength shows a decrease. The interfacial adhesion between nano‐CaCO₃ and ABS/PMMA is stronger by using solution method. But the dispersion uniformity of nano‐CaCO₃ modified by solution method is worse. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Synthesis of Higher Aluminum Content Hexagonal and Cubic Mesoporous Aluminosilicates toward Catalysts

High aluminum content (Si/Al < 20) mesoporous aluminosilicate MAS-Y, MAS-X1, MAS-X2 and thick wall high aluminum MAS-X3 had been synthesized using zeolite FAU-Y nanocluster or powder zeolite FAU-X as a precursor with triblock copolymer Pluronic P123 or F127 as a structure directing agent. The samples were characterized by XRD, TEM, nitrogen adsorption, ²⁷A1 MAS NMR, temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia and element analysis. The in situNMR technique was used to investigate the mechanism of the formation of the high aluminum content mesoporous aluminosilicates. The salt effect was also discussed in this work.     

涂料助剂对巴士客车用金属闪光漆性能的影响

研究了湿润分散剂、CAB树脂、蜡浆对巴士客车用丙烯酸聚氨酯金属闪光漆性能的影响。采用高倍显微镜和分光光度计对铝粉的分散和定向排列效果进行了表征。结果表明:当湿润分散剂选用BYK-110,金属铝粉有较好的分散效果;醋丁纤维素树脂CAB381和CAB551按8∶1搭配使用时,金属闪光漆有最佳的综合性能;选用某EVA蜡浆作为铝粉定向剂,金属铝粉有较好的定向排列效果,此时漆膜的可见光反射率可达65%。     

Effect of bonding agents on styrene butadiene rubber–aluminum powder composites

Effects of various bonding agents—such as the hexamethylene tetramine–resorcinol system (HR), bis[3‐ (triethoxysilyl) propyl] tetra sulfide (Si‐69), and cobalt naphthenate (CoN)—on the mechanical properties of aluminum powder filled styrene butadiene rubber composites were studied, giving emphasis on concentration of bonding agent and loading of aluminum powder. Shore A hardness, modulus, tensile strength, tear strength, heat buildup, etc., were increased by the loading of aluminum powder, and the presence of bonding agents again increased these properties. Rebound resilience and elongation at break were decreased by the addition of aluminum powder. Equilibrium swelling studies showed an improved adhesion between aluminum powder and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) in presence of bonding agents. Among the various bonding agents used in this study, silane coupling agent (Si‐69) and hexamethylene tetramine–resorcinol (HR) system were found to be better for aluminum powder filled SBR vulcanizates. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 519–529, 2002     

导热填料对NR/BR硫化胶的生热和导热的影响

研究了氧化锌、炭黑、石墨等几种导热填料对NR/BR硫化胶的生热和导热性能的影响。结果表明,提高氧化锌的用量可以减小硫化胶的损耗和压缩温升、提高导热系数;增加炭黑用量虽然提高导热系数,但炭黑的Payne效应、损耗和压缩温升等动态性能大幅度增加,表现出明显的逾渗现象,而导热系数、定伸应力、硬度等静态性能增加幅度较小;大粒径炭黑有利于提高硫化胶的导热系数、降低损耗和压缩温升,高结构度炭黑虽能提高导热系数,但是损耗和压缩温升增加。配方中加入氧化铝、氢氧化铝、石墨、煤灰、铝粉后,硫化胶的力学性能较差,Payne效应较弱,损耗和压缩温升明显降低,含有铝粉或石墨硫化胶的导热系数较高。     

Direct Evidence of Temperature Variation Within Ceramic Powder Compact During Pulse Electric Current Sintering

Pulse electric current sintering (PECS) is a powerful technique for the preparation of nanoceramics. However, the temperature distribution within the ceramic powder compact during PECS is not uniform. In the present study, aluminum hydroxide powder is used as an in situ temperature indicator to determine the temperature uniformity. The phase evolution within the powder compact is taken to estimate its temperature distribution. The temperature is highest near the top surface of the compact; it then reduces with increasing distance away from the top surface of the compact. The temperature variation can be significantly reduced by inserting a carbon paper in between graphite punches and graphite mold and also by reducing the heating rate.     

Preparation of aluminum oxide coating on carbon/carbon composites using a new detonation sprayer

A new multi-chamber cumulative detonation sprayer (MCDS) was applied to fabricate an aluminum oxide coating on carbon/carbon composites. MCDS provides heating and acceleration of ceramic micropowders by means of combustible gas mixture detonation products with a frequency of 20 Hz and above. The ceramic aluminum oxide particle kinetic energy ensures the destruction of the weakened areas on the carbon-carbon composite material surface and the incorporation of these particles into the surface layer. The following powder particles decelerate on the already fixed particles and form a ceramic coating. The formed aluminum oxide coating is characterized by high hardness and low porosity (<1%). MCDS provides the formation of a high-quality ceramic layer, which can also serve as the basis for the formation of protective heat-resistant coatings.     

Aluminum powder filled nitrile rubber composites

Effect of aluminum powder on the properties of nitrile rubber (NBR) composites and the role of bonding agent viz. hexamethylene tetramine‐resorcinol has been investigated. Shore A hardness of the aluminum powder filled composites is lower than that of high abrasion furnace (HAF) and acetylene black (ACB) filled nitrile rubber composites and can be increased by the addition of bonding agent. Equilibrium swelling decreased considerably by the use of hexamethylene tetramine‐resorcinol, suggesting an improved nitrile rubber–aluminum powder adhesion. A marked increase in thermal conductivity is obtained with the incorporation of aluminum powder. Increased thermal conductivity reduced the additional time needed for the vulcanization of thick rubber articles and imparted uniform curing throughout the material. In nitrile rubber, the modulus and tensile strength followed the order HAF > ACB > aluminum powder. Combination of HAF and aluminum powder in NBR gave composites with good thermal conductivity and mechanical properties. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 3156–3161, 2004