植物分离蛋白对卵巢切除大鼠血脂代谢的影响

目的:研究大米分离蛋白和大豆分离蛋白对因雌性激素缺乏引起的高胆固醇血症的影响.方法:将24只Wistar成年雌鼠随机分为4组.3组大鼠进行双侧卵巢切除手术,分别喂食添加20%酪蛋白(对照组)、大米分离蛋白或大豆分离蛋白的饲料.另1组进行卵巢伪切除手术,喂食添加20%酪蛋白的对照饲料,喂养4周后解剖,测定血清和肝脏中胆固醇、甘油三酯浓度以及粪中胆汁酸排泄量和蛋白表观消化率等指标.结果:卵巢切除明显增加成年雌鼠血清和肝脏中胆固醇和甘油三酯浓度.与酪蛋白组相比,饲料中添加大豆分离蛋白能显著降低卵巢切除大鼠血浆总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白及胆固醇浓度(p＜0.05),但对血浆甘油三酯浓度无显著影响,同时明显降低肝重、肝脏中总脂、总胆固醇、游离胆固醇及甘油三酯总量,以及增加排粪量和胆汁酸排泄量,大豆分离蛋白表观消化率也明显比酪蛋白和大米分离蛋白高.大米分离蛋白对血脂没有明显降低效果,但肝脏总脂、总胆固醇、游离胆固醇和甘油三酯浓度明显低于酪蛋白饲料组,而排粪量、粪中胆汁酸排泄量和蛋白表观消化率则与酪蛋白组无显著差异.结论:抗消化蛋白对因雌性激素缺乏引起的高胆固醇血症有明显降低效果,可能的作用机制是由于该蛋白的低消化性干扰,肠道中胆汁酸代谢,增加粪中胆汁酸的排泄量来降低肝脏和血浆中胆固醇浓度.     

膳食蛋白质与大鼠脂质代谢关系的研究

通过给予SD种Ⅱ级雄性大鼠4种不同蛋白质的高脂合成饲料,研究不同来源膳食蛋白质对脂质代谢的影响及其机理探讨。结果显示,大豆蛋白组和谷豆混合蛋白组血清TC、LDL-C、(VLDL-C+LDL-C)/TC明显低于酪蛋白组(P＜0.05),而血清HDL-C、HDL-C/TC明显高于酪蛋白组(P＜0.05)。谷类蛋白组LDL-C也明显低于酪蛋白组(P＜0.05),HDL-C明显高于酪蛋白组(P＜.05)。谷类蛋白与大豆蛋白混合后,其生物利用率提高,调节血脂的作用增强。提示大豆蛋白尤其谷豆混合蛋白有预防AS形成作用。     

THE EFFECTS OF SOYBEAN PROTEIN-DERIVED HYDROLYSATE ON LIPID METABOLISM IN RATS FED A HIGH CHOLESTEROL DIET

This study was performed to investigate the effects of the peptic undigested fraction derived from soybean protein hydrolysate (UDSP) on lipid metabolism in rats fed a cholesterol‐enriched diet (1%). Eighteen male Wistar rats‐weighing 205–235 g were randomly divided into three groups: the control group (20% casein), U2 (18% casein + 2% UDSP), and U5 group (15% casein + 5% UDSP). After 4 weeks, rats were sacrificed, and the lipid profiles of the plasma, liver, and feces were determined. Body weight gain, daily food intake, and liver weight showed no differences among the groups, but the feeding efficiency ratio in the U5 group was significantly lower than that in the other groups (P < 0.05). There were no changes in plasma cholesterol, LDL‐C, HDL‐C, and liver cholesterol levels in each group. However, the U5 group showed a significantly lower VLDL‐C compared to the control and U2 groups. In addition, the plasma and liver TG content were lower in the U2 and U5 groups than in the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the fecal bile acid and total neutral steroid excretions were higher in the U2 and U5 groups (P < 0.05) compared to the control group.     

Antihyperlipidemic effect of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) protein isolate in rats fed a normal and high cholesterol diet

The dietary influence of sesame protein isolate (protein content 91.5%), produced from dehulled, defatted sesame meal, on blood and tissue lipid profile and lipid peroxidation has been assessed in normal and hypercholesterolemic rats. To evaluate their hypocholesterolemic and antioxidative activity in vivo, we fed 18% sesame protein isolate with or without 2% cholesterol in comparison with casein to rats for 28 d. We determined plasma total protein, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, triacylglycerol as well as susceptibility of plasma and erythrocyte membrane lipid to oxidation ex vivo. Liver tissue lipid, cholesterol, phospholipids, and lipid peroxidations were also determined. The total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels were significantly reduced in the sesame protein isolate and isolate containing cholesterol group than the corresponding control casein groups. HDL-cholesterol level was also increased in sesame protein isolate (41%) and protein isolate containing cholesterol group (38%) than the corresponding control casein and casein containing cholesterol groups. There was 49% and 64% lowering of plasma lipid peroxidation as well as 36% and 56% lowering of lipoprotein oxidation susceptibility (LOS) in the 2 experimental groups (sesame protein isolate and isolate containing cholesterol group) than the corresponding control (casein and casein containing cholesterol) groups. There was significant lowering of erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation (68% and 63% lowering in sesame protein isolate and isolate containing cholesterol groups) and liver lipid peroxidation (61% and 76% lowering in the 2 experimental groups than the corresponding control casein groups). Therefore, our results indicate that sesame protein isolate decreases cholesterol concentration in plasma, increases HDL-cholesterol, and also decreases plasma and erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation with or without cholesterol fed diet in rats.     

Effects of highly purified sardine proteins on lipid peroxidation and reverse cholesterol transport in rats fed a cholesterol-rich diet

The effect of highly purified sardine proteins was compared with that of casein on serum and lipoproteins lipid peroxidation and reverse cholesterol transport. Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity, high density lipoproteins (HDL₂ and HDL₃) composition and serum lipid and lipoproteins peroxidation were determined in rats fed a cholesterol-rich diet. Hypercholesterolemic rats were divided into two groups fed diets enriched with cholesterol and containing 20% of highly purified sardine proteins (SPc) or casein (CASc) for 28 days. A control group was fed a standard diet (CAS). Compared with CAS and CASc, the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentrations of low density lipoprotein (LDL)–HDL₁ in SPc were 3.5- and 1.7-fold higher compared with casein diets. TBARS in HDL₂ and HDL₃ were, respectively, 2.3- and 1.6-fold lower in SPc compared with CASc. In SPc group, LCAT activity was higher compared to CASc and CAS (P < 0.05). Purified sardine proteins had no beneficial effects on LDL-cholesterol and lipid peroxidation. However, they reduced HDL oxidation and improved reverse cholesterol transport, in the hypercholesterolemic rat.     

大豆蛋白降胆固醇作用最佳剂量探讨

目的:探讨大豆蛋白降胆固醇作用适宜剂量。方法:4周龄健康雄性Wistar大鼠经2w诱发高血胆固醇后,将32只大鼠随机分为4组,分别给予10%大豆蛋白、15%大豆蛋白、20%大豆蛋白和20%酪蛋白,4w后采血测定血清TC、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C浓度。数据用SPSS统计软件进行方差分析。结果:经2w诱导高脂模型后,高胆固醇模型大鼠的TC浓度是阴性对照组的2.7倍。给以处理因素4w后,与20%酪蛋白组相比,15%和20%大豆蛋白组大鼠血清TC降低,但无统计学意义;15%大豆蛋白组大鼠血清TC、HDL-C和LDL-C浓度显著低于10%大豆蛋白组(P0.05);20%大豆蛋白组大鼠血清TG浓度显著低于10%大豆蛋白组(P0.05)。结论:4w内15%大豆蛋白和20%大豆蛋白具有相同的降低血浆胆固醇的趋势,10%大豆蛋白无降低胆固醇的作用。     

Cholesterol‐Lowering Properties of Whole Cowpea Seed and Its Protein Isolate in Hamsters

ABSTRACT: Hypercholesterolemic hamsters were fed for 4 wk on diets rich in saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, differing only in protein source (20 %): casein (control group, HC), whole cowpea seed (HWS), and cowpea protein isolate (HPI). Hamsters fed on HWS and HPI presented significant reductions in plasma total cholesterol and non‐HDL cholesterol. HPI and HC presented similar protein digestibility, which were significantly higher than that of HWS. Animals fed on HWS presented significantly higher levels of bile acids and cholesterol in feces than did the animals fed on casein or HPI diets. Histological analyses of the liver showed that HC diet resulted in steatosis widely distributed throughout the hepatic lobule, while HWS and HPI diets promoted reductions in liver steatosis. The effectiveness of HWS for modulating lipid metabolism was greater than that of HPI, as measured by plasma cholesterol reduction and liver steatosis.     

Tofu Consumption: Effects on Plasma Lipids in Rats

Our objective was to determine the effect of a diet rich in tofu (soybean curd) on the main blood components of rats. This was done in comparison to diets with casein, soybean proteins or soybean oil, enabling the observed biological effect to be related to the composition of the tofu. Animals on the tofu diet had very low cholesterol levels and an acceptable HDL cholesterol / total cholesterol ratio. Growth and amino acid profile were also adequate, but the bioavailability of trace elements decreased.     

米糠蛋白改善大鼠脂质代谢作用及机制研究

为了讨论米糠蛋白对高脂饮食状态大鼠脂质代谢的影响及作用机制。试验设计酪蛋白组（CAS,对照组）、米糠蛋白组（RBP）、糙米蛋白组（BRP）和大米蛋白组（WRP）等4组,饲喂大鼠分别添加了质量分数20%酪蛋白、15%酪蛋白+5%米糠蛋白、15%酪蛋白+5%糙米蛋白和15%酪蛋白+5%大米蛋白的高胆固醇饲料3周。实验测定大鼠血清总胆固醇（TC）水平、甘油三酯（TG）浓度以及肝脏TC、TG和总脂质的含量,并收集了实验后期3 d的粪便,测定其总胆汁酸和中性固醇的排泄量。采用体外模拟人体胃肠消化道环境试验,测定CAS、RBP、BRP及WRP对胶束溶解度的抑制率和不同浓度RBP的胆汁酸结合能力。结果显示,高纯度米糠蛋白与酪蛋白和其他蛋白组相比较能明显降低高胆固醇饲喂大鼠的血清TC（P<0.05）以及动脉粥样硬化指数（P<0.05）,肝脏TC水平显著降低（P<0.05）,粪便中总胆汁酸排泄量显著增加（P<0.05）。体外实验结果表明,米糠蛋白能与胆汁酸相结合,显著抑制了胆固醇胶束溶解度（P<0.05）。综上所述,米糠蛋白在体内与胆汁酸相结合,抑制其在肠道的吸收,增加其粪便中的排泄量,最后达到降血脂的作用。     

植物乳杆菌WW对高脂血症大鼠体脂的影响

为了研究植物乳杆菌WW（Lactobacillus plantarum WW）对高脂血症大鼠体脂的影响,将32 只5 周龄雄性SD大鼠随机分为4 组：正常对照组（A）喂食基础饲料＋无菌水、高脂模型组（B）饲喂高脂饲料＋无菌水、脱脂乳对照组（C）饲喂高脂饲料＋无菌脱脂乳、菌液干预组（D）饲喂高脂饲料＋菌悬液（1×1010 CFU/mL）,灌胃量为10 mL/kg mb,12 周后测定相关指标。结果显示：4 组大鼠肾脏、脾脏和心脏指数差异不显著（P＞0.05）,而B组和C组肝脏指数显著高于A组和D组（P＜0.05）,说明L. plantarum WW无毒副作用,并且能够减少脂肪在肝脏的堆积;B组血清和肝脏血脂水平显著高于A组（P＜0.05）,说明造模成功;与B组相比,D组血清和肝脏各指标水平显著降低（P＜0.05）,粪便中总胆固醇、甘油三酯和总胆汁酸含量显著升高（P＜0.05）,说明L. plantarum WW能够促进胆固醇的排泄,进而降低大鼠体内胆固醇。这些结果表明植物乳杆菌WW可能是缓解高脂血症并用于功能性食品的潜在益生菌。     

Effect of Dietary Partial Hydrolysate of Phospholipids,Rich in Docosahexaenoic Acid‐Bound Lysophospholipids,on Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition in Rat Serum and Liver

Lysophospholipids have been recognized as potent biologically active lipid mediators. However, attention has not been paid to the health benefits of dietary partial hydrolysate of phospholipids (PH‐PL), which is rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)‐bound lysophospholipids. In this study, the effects of PH‐PL on serum and liver lipid profiles of rats upon administration of PH‐PL are demonstrated in comparison to those of fish oil (FO), which comprises eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA‐bound triglyceride (TG). PH‐PL containing EPA and DHA was prepared via enzymatic modification of squid (Todarodes pacificus) meal that is rich in phospholipids. Male Wistar rats were fed a basal diet containing soybean oil alone (7%), FO, and PH‐PL. The FO and PH‐PL diets had similar EPA and DHA contents. After the rats had been fed their respective diets for 28 d, their serum and liver lipid contents, fecal lipid excretion, and hepatic gene expression level were measured. The results demonstrated that compared with the soybean oil diet alone, the PH‐PL diet decreased serum and liver TG contents partially because of the enhancement of liver acyl‐CoA oxidase activity and suppression of liver fatty acid synthase activity. In addition, compared with the soybean oil diet, the PH‐PL group exhibited lower serum cholesterol content at least in part because of the reduction of hepatic 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA reductase mRNA expression level. We found that dietary administration of EPA and DHA containing PH‐PL has a hypolipidemic effect that may help prevent the development lifestyle‐related diseases.     

Effects of fermented black soybean pulp on lipid and bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats

To investigate the effect of fermented black soybean pulp on serum lipid metabolism and osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats, Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: sham-operated control group, ovariectomized control group, ovariectomized group treated with black soybean pulp (BSP), and ovariectomized group treated with fermented black soybean pulp (FBSP). Rats were fed experimental diets for 8 weeks after ovariectomy. Compared to the control, FBSP supplemen-tation led to the improving effect for femur weight, abdominal fat, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase activity, hepatic lipid levels, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Also, serum HDL-cholesterol, estradiol levels, serum alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteocalcin levels in the FBSP group were significantly lower than in the control group (p<0.05). These results suggest that FBSP is effective in improving lipid metabolism and preventing osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats.     

Hypolipidemic effect of enzymatically extracted sunflower seed protein fraction

An attempt was made to enzymatically extract the protein fraction (PF) from sunflower seeds and investigate its dietary effect on the growth, plasma and tissue lipid profiles, plasma protein content, erythrocyte membrane lipid profile and organ weights of rats. Extraction of dehulled sunflower seeds in an aqueous medium in the presence of the enzyme pectinase at 50 ± 1 °C and pH 4.5 yielded a protein fraction with low residual chlorogenic acid and fibre contents. Rats fed the sunflower seed protein fraction showed a similar body weight gain and food efficiency ratio as rats fed casein. However, the different dietary proteins had different effects on plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride contents. The rats fed the sunflower seed protein fraction showed a significant decrease in plasma cholesterol (p < 0.02) and triglyceride (p < 0.02) concentrations compared to the casein‐fed rats. The PF‐fed rats also exhibited a significant difference in erythrocyte membrane phospholipids and phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine ratio. Rats fed the different dietary proteins did not show much variation in plasma protein content, liver and brain lipids and organ weights. These results demonstrate the hypolipidemic action of the sunflower seed protein fraction and that it can be considered a suitable edible protein like casein. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of grape seed oil supplementation on plasma lipid profiles in rats

The purpose of the study was to investigate the comparative effects of feeding of grape seed oil (GSO), soybean oil (SO), and lard on plasma lipid profile in rats. Lard fed diets increased body weight gain in rats and resulted in negative effects on lipoprotein metabolism. However, the GSO fed rats had a significant reduction in total cholesterol (TC, 60.6 mg/dL), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC, 16.8 mg/dL), and atherogenic index (AI, 0.9), and the ratio of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) to TC (0.5) was significantly higher than those of SO and lard groups. These data suggest that GSO supplementation has significant health benefits through favorable alterations in plasma lipid profiles compared to SO and lard fed rats. GSO may be good dietary oil and may provide health benefits in hyperlipidemia and related complications.     

Antihyperlipidemic effects of buckwheat leaf and flower in rats fed a high-fat diet

This study was conducted to investigate the hypolipidemic effects of a powdered whole buckwheat leaf and flower mixture in rats fed a high-fat diet. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into three groups: normal control (NC), high-fat (HF), and high-fat supplemented with a mixture of powdered buckwheat leaf and flower (BLF; 5%, wt/wt) groups. The plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were significantly lower in the BLF group than in the other groups. Hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride values of the BLF group were similar to those of the NC group. This plant part mixture elevated the faecal triglyceride and acidic sterol level in the BLF group. The result suggest that the beneficial effect of this buckwheat plant portion on plasma and hepatic lipid profiles in high-fat fed rats is partly mediated by higher excretion of faecal lipids and synergistic effect of phenolic compounds and fibre present in the BLF.     

注射级玉米卵磷脂对高脂饮食大鼠的降血脂作用

探究注射级玉米卵磷脂（CLFI）对高脂膳食诱导的大鼠的降血脂作用。将60 只雄性SD大鼠随机分为6 组,即空白对照组、高脂模型组、阳性对照组（1.2 g/kg大豆卵磷脂）和CLFI高（2.4 g/kg）、中（1.2 g/kg）和低（0.6 g/kg）剂量组。除空白对照组给予基础饲料外,其余各组均给予高脂饲料,喂养2 周后开始对阳性对照组和CLFI各剂量组连续灌胃给药6 周,每天1 次。空白对照组和高脂模型组给予蒸馏水10 mL/kg。试验结束后考察大鼠血清血脂水平变化,检测大鼠体重、腹腔脂肪蓄积系数（AFC）、血清及肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力和丙二醛（MDA）水平等指标,并观察肝脏的组织形态变化。结果表明：CLFI能有效抑制高脂膳食诱导大鼠的体重增长,降低血清中甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、MDA水平和动脉粥样硬化指数（AI）、血脂综合指数（LCI）,并且降低AFC和肝脏中MDA水平;此外,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）和SOD水平都有不同程度的提升,肝脏脂肪变性情况也得到改善。CLFI对高脂血症大鼠具有较好的降血脂和预防肝脏脂肪变性的作用,可为CLFI后续的开发和产业化应用提供一定的理论依据。     

Effect of Trans Fatty Acids on Protein Utilization and Serum Cholesterol

Rats were fed PER diets containing various proportions of cis and trans fatty acids as triolein, trielaidin, soybean oil (SO) or hydrogenated SO at 7.8% by weight of the diet. Additional rats were fed SO or hydrogenated SO at 20.1% of the diet. The PER, although in the normal range for casein, was significantly (P < 0.01) lower in rats fed trielaidin. Food consumption and weight gains were slightly greater in trans-fed than cis-fed rats. The former had greater fecal fat excretion than the latter; serum cholesterol levels of the former were lower with the 7.8% but not the 20.1% fat diet.     

Effect of various dietary proteins on the processes of lipid transport in the blood serum

The influence of isocaloric semi-synthetic rations with varying protein components (casein, wheat gluten, isolates of cotton, soybean and rice proteins) on lipid transport processes in the blood serum was studied in experiments on made August rats. It has been shown that the alimentary proteins studied affect blood serum lipids and lipoproteins by altering lypolysis activity in the serum, by modifying the hepatic production of high-density lipoproteins and their free cholesterol, by disturbance of low-density lipoprotein degradation. The rest mechanisms regulating lipid transport in the blood serum are changed insignificantly.     

猪肉蛋白和牛肉蛋白对生长期大鼠生理功能的影响

目的：研究长期摄入猪肉蛋白和牛肉蛋白对生长期大鼠生长性能、生理功能的影响。方法：30 只雄性Sprague-Dawley（SD）大鼠随机分为3 组,分别饲喂添加酪蛋白、猪肉蛋白和牛肉蛋白作为蛋白质来源的半合成饲料,实验期为90 d,观察其对大鼠生理指标的影响。结果：相对于酪蛋白组,猪肉蛋白组和牛肉蛋白组大鼠的生长速率变缓,脂肪沉积减少（P＜0.05）,但有较高的谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活力（P＜0.05）。猪肉蛋白和牛肉蛋白可降低大鼠血清中的甘油三酯浓度（P＜0.05）,牛肉蛋白还可降低总胆固醇和血糖浓度（P＜0.05）,猪肉蛋白则对其没有显著影响（P＞0.05）。猪肉蛋白组和牛肉蛋白组的大鼠有较低的血清游离氨基酸水平（P＜0.05）。结论：长期摄入猪肉蛋白和牛肉蛋白会对大鼠机体代谢产生不同的影响,这与蛋白质来源及其消化和吸收有关。猪肉蛋白和牛肉蛋白有控制大鼠体质量增长的作用,牛肉蛋白还可以降低大鼠肝脏代谢水平,具有降血脂的功能。     

Hypocholesterolemic effects of low calorie structured lipids on rats and rabbits fed on normal and atherogenic diet

The hypocholesterolemic effects of two low calorie structured lipids (SL1 and SL2) containing essential fatty acids, prepared by lipase catalysed interesterification of ethyl behenate respectively with sunflower and soybean oils were studied in rats and rabbits. The feeding experiment conducted on rats as well as rabbits, fed on normal and atherogenic diet containing 10% of SL1 and SL2 (experimental) and sunflower oil (control) indicated no adverse effects on growth and food intake. However, the structured lipids beneficially lowered serum and liver lipids, particularly cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and also maintains the essential fatty acid status in serum and liver. The lipid deposition observed in the arteries of rabbits fed on atherogenic diets was significantly reduced when structured lipids were included in the diet. These observations coincided with reduced levels of serum cholesterol particularly LDL cholesterol observed in experimental groups. Therefore the structured lipids, designed to have low calorific value also beneficially lower serum lipids and lipid deposition in animals fed on atherogenic diets.