降胆固醇混合发酵剂制备工艺的研究

以具有高效降解胆固醇作用的植物乳杆菌和干酪乳杆菌为原料,利用真空冷冻干燥技术,制备出发酵性高、便于储藏、复水性好的混合肉品发酵剂。通过单因素实验和正交实验确定出最佳的菌株培养条件:2菌株的配比为1:1,培养pH为6.7,接种量为3%,培养时间为16h;最佳的冻干条件:预冻温度为-25℃,干燥温度为-35℃,冻干时间为12h,保护剂为5%蔗糖、3.5%甘油和2.5%碳酸钙。     

益生菌冻干保护剂及工艺优化研究

目的 为提高保加利亚乳杆菌冻干粉存活率。方法 本研究采用真空冷冻干燥法,以保加利亚乳杆菌为研究对象,研究冻干保护剂对益生菌冻干存活率的影响。 结果 通过单因素和正交试验筛选出最优组合。结果表明：经-80 ℃预冻1 h,冷冻干燥48 h(?40 ℃、25 Pa)后,益生菌保加利亚乳杆菌的最佳冻干保护剂为甘油2%,脱脂乳6%,L-半胱氨酸3%,木聚糖10%,在此优化条件下,存活率为82.75%。结论 在冷冻干燥过程中加入冻干保护剂可以提高保加利亚乳杆菌存活率,为下一步其他益生菌的冻干研究提供有效参考。     

真空冷冻干燥法制备益生菌粉的冻干保护剂配方优化

为提高益生菌冻干粉存活率。本文采用真空冷冻干燥法,分别以植物乳杆菌SC1、凝结芽孢杆菌XP2、酿酒酵母菌SA1为实验菌株,研究冻干保护剂脱脂乳粉、低聚木糖、可溶性淀粉和V_C钠盐对三种益生菌冻干存活率的影响。通过单因素和正交试验筛选出最优组合。结果表明经-70℃预冷冻2 h,-50℃,10 Pa条件下冷冻干燥38 h,保护剂最佳配方组合分别为,植物乳杆菌:可溶性淀粉10%,V_C钠盐3%,脱脂乳粉12%,低聚木糖14%;凝结芽孢杆菌:低聚木糖8%,V_C钠盐4%,可溶性淀粉14%,脱脂乳粉8%;酿酒酵母菌:低聚木糖10%,V_C钠盐2%,脱脂乳粉12%,可溶性淀粉12%。添加最优保护剂组合,三株菌的冻干存活率分别为83.2%、83.7%和86.7%,活菌数均高于1.0×108 CFU/g,具有较好的应用价值。     

不同保护剂影响植物乳杆菌冻干菌粉发酵活力的研究

以植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum CGMCC 6016,L. P. dy-1)为分析对象,研究不同冻干保护剂、贮藏温度和贮藏时间对冻干菌粉活菌数及发酵活力的影响。研究分别采用10%和22.4%的纯菊粉、菊粉复合保护剂、脱脂乳复合保护剂制备冻干菌粉。结果显示,在-20℃贮藏8个月,其活菌数均可保持在10~(10)CFU/g以上;4℃贮藏8个月,仅菊粉复合保护剂组活菌数维持在较高水平,为(0.94±0.17)×10~(10)CFU/g;不同保护剂制备的冻干菌粉在-20℃下贮藏6个月或4℃下贮藏4个月,可维持较高的产酸活力,其中,菊粉复合保护剂组的细胞活力下降最为缓慢。流式细胞术(flow cytometry,FCM)与p H值测定法对细胞活力分析结果的关联度较好,R2值为0.77,可快速评价保护剂作用下冻干植物乳杆菌细胞的增殖;FCM分析结果显示,与脱脂乳复合保护剂相比,菊粉保护剂组与直接活化组的细胞增殖活力最为接近。     

保护剂及冷休克处理对纳豆菌冻干后存活率的影响

对冷冻干燥法制备纳豆菌活菌制剂过程中保护剂及冷休克处理对纳豆菌存活率的影响进行了研究,通过单因素实验和正交实验筛选出了最佳保护剂组合:脱脂乳粉10%、麦芽糊精3%、蔗糖5%、抗坏血酸0.5%,并确定了最优冷休克处理条件:8℃处理5h.在以上两因素协同作用下,纳豆菌冻干后的存活率可达90.9%.     

动物双歧杆菌冻干保护剂配方优化及酸对菌粉存活率的影响

目的 筛选动物双歧杆菌冻干菌粉保护剂,优化冻干保护剂配方,探究菌悬液制备过程中有机酸积累对菌粉存活率的影响。方法 以菌粉中动物双歧杆菌存活率为指标,通过发酵培养、离心收集菌泥、制备菌悬液、预冻和冷冻干燥的菌粉制备工艺,通过单因素实验和正交实验优化冻干保护剂。根据单因素实验探究冻干前菌悬液制备条件和最适pH。结果 最佳保护剂组合为5.00%麦芽糊精、6.00%海藻糖、0.15%抗坏血酸、1.50%谷氨酸钠、1.00%甘油。通过对菌悬液制备过程中菌粉活菌数的研究确定菌悬液制备和冻干条件,菌悬液pH 6.5,无菌水洗涤2次菌, 4℃菌悬液融合30 min,在-80℃预冻2 h,-40℃下干燥24 h,获得的冻干菌粉活菌数为1.38×10¹² CFU/g,菌粉最高存活率可达98.60%。结论 本研究优化后的保护剂组合可以制备高活性动物双歧杆菌菌粉,提高经济效益。     

乳酸菌冷冻干燥保护剂的筛选及加速储存稳定性试验

通过正交试验设计,确定适合嗜热链球菌最佳冻干保护剂配方为脱脂乳粉12%,海藻糖1%,甘油3%,谷氨酸钠1%(均为质量分数)。通过加速储存实验,同批冻干样品在不同温度(30,42,60℃)条件下储存,分别采样,测定活菌数,建立储存稳定性方程,由方程外推出得到4℃降解速率常数为1.656×10-4。     

嗜酸乳杆菌NX2-6冻干发酵剂的研究

为制备嗜酸乳杆菌NX2-6高活性发酵剂,研究了其高密度发酵后真空冷冻干燥时不同冷冻保护剂对其存活率的影响。通过离心条件的选择,获得了最大浓度的嗜酸乳杆菌NX2-6。进而采用单因素实验和正交实验设计,以冻干后的菌体存活率为指标,考察了10种冻干保护剂对嗜酸乳杆菌NX2-6冷冻干燥的保护效果,以获得对嗜酸乳杆菌NX2-6真空冷冻干燥的最佳保护剂配方。实验结果表明,嗜酸乳杆菌NX2-6在8000r/min的条件下离心10min(4℃),所得的活菌数最多。实验确定嗜酸乳杆菌NX2-6的最佳保护剂配方为以15%麦芽浸粉,3%谷氨酸钠和7%菊糖作为复合保护剂,在此条件下嗜酸乳杆菌NX2-6的冻干存活率高达82.43%。     

保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌冻干工艺条件的研究

试验对保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌的冻干工艺进行了研究,结果表明：两菌的最佳离心条件为：转速4000r／min,时间10min;最佳预冻温度和预冻时间为在一20℃预冻3h;冻干保护剂的最佳pH为6．5;保护剂与菌泥的最佳平衡时间为30min;保护剂与菌泥的最佳配比为4：1;最佳装液厚度为7mm;冻干菌粉的最佳含水量为2％-3％。     

乳酸菌冷冻干燥保护剂的筛选

通过单因素比较和正交试验设计,确定适合保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌的最佳冻干保护剂配方。通过对15种冻干保护剂单因素保护效果的比较,以及对选定的4种保护剂的正交试验结果,可以确定嗜热链球菌最佳冻干保护剂配方为脱脂乳粉12%、海藻糖1%、甘油3%、谷氨酸钠1%,保加利亚乳杆菌最佳冻干保护剂配方为脱脂乳粉8%、海藻糖1%、甘油2%、谷氨酸钠1.5%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press