Effect of sodium molybdate on the corrosion behavior of cold rolled steel in peracetic acid solution

The effect of sodium molybdate (Na₂MoO₄) on the corrosion of cold rolled steel (CRS) in peracetic acid (PAA) solution was investigated by gravimetric measurements, Tafel polarization curves, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). All the data indicate that Na₂MoO₄ acts as a very good inhibitor in PAA solution. The inhibition efficiency increases with increasing concentration of Na₂MoO₄ and immersion time. The inhibition efficiencies, calculated from gravimetric measurements, Tafel polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, are in reasonably good agreement and are very similar in the three cases. Furthermore, polarization data show that Na₂MoO₄ behaves as an anodic passive type inhibitor. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize the corrosion surface. A probable mechanism is presented to explain the experimental results.     

过期药呋塞米在醋酸溶液中对冷轧钢的缓蚀作用

通过电导率测量、pH测量、同步热分析(STA)、Tafel极化曲线法和电化学交流阻抗谱法研究了不同浓度和温度下过期药呋塞米在1 mol/L的醋酸溶液中对冷轧钢缓蚀作用。实验结果表明:过期药呋塞米在1 mol/L的醋酸溶液中对冷轧钢有较好的缓蚀效果,且缓蚀率随着缓蚀剂浓度和温度的增加而增大。该缓蚀剂在醋酸中对钢是一种抑制阴极和阳极的混合型缓蚀剂。缓蚀剂在冷轧钢表面的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式,其吸附是自发、物理吸附过程。同步热分析还说明了该缓蚀剂易稳定吸附在冷轧钢表面。     

Poly(N-ethylaniline) coatings on 304 stainless steel for corrosion protection in aqueous HCl and NaCl solutions

Poly(N-ethylaniline) (PNEA) coatings were grown by potentiodynamic synthesis technique on 304 stainless steel (SS) alloy from 0.1 M of N-ethylaniline (NEA) in 0.3 M oxalic acid solution. Characterization of adhesive and electroactive PNEA coatings was carried out by cyclic voltammetry, FT-IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The protective properties of PNEA coatings on SS were elucidated using linear anodic potentiodynamic polarization, Tafel and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) test techniques, in highly aggressive 0.5 M HCl and 0.5 M NaCl solutions. Linear anodic potentiodynamic polarization test results proved that PNEA coating improved the degree of protection against pitting corrosion in HCl and NaCl solutions. Tafel test results showed that PNEA coating appears to enhancement protection for SS in 0.5 M NaCl and 0.5 M HCl solutions. However, according to long-term EIS results, PNEA coating is better for the protection of SS electrodes during the long immersion period in NaCl compared to that in HCl medium.     

Inhibition by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Jasminum nudiflorum</Emphasis> Lindl. leaves extract of the corrosion of cold rolled steel in hydrochloric acid solution

The inhibition effect of Jasminum nudiflorum Lindl. leaves extract (JNLLE) on the corrosion of cold rolled steel (CRS) in 1.0 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) was investigated by weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. The results show that JNLLE acts as a very good inhibitor, and the inhibition efficiency increases with the concentration of JNLLE. The adsorption of JNLLE obeys Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Values of inhibition efficiency obtained from weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are in good agreement. Polarization curves show that JNLLE behaves as a mixed-type inhibitor in hydrochloric acid. EIS shows that charge-transfer resistance increase and the capacitance of double layer decreases with the inhibitor concentration, confirming the adsorption process mechanism. The adsorbed film on CRS surface containing JNLLE inhibitor was also measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). A probable inhibitive mechanism is proposed from the viewpoint of adsorption theory.     

核桃青皮缓蚀剂的提取制备及其缓蚀性能

以乙醇水溶液为提取溶剂,采用回流提取法从核桃青皮中提取制备了核桃青皮缓蚀剂(WGHI),并用失重法、动电位极化曲线、EIS、UV、FTIR和SEM测试了WGHI对冷轧钢在0.5 mol/L HCl溶液中的缓蚀性能。结果表明:乙醇体积分数为40%时,提取制备出的WGHI产率和缓蚀率均较佳,分别为14.2%和90.3%。WGHI对冷轧钢在0.5 mol/L HCl溶液中的腐蚀具有明显抑制作用,且随着WGHI质量浓度的增加缓蚀性能逐渐增强,但随温度的升高有所下降,20℃时100 mg/L WGHI的缓蚀率为90.3%。WGHI通过物理和化学吸附方式在钢表面发生吸附,吸附过程中会释放出热量,同时混乱度减小,该吸附规律遵循Langmuir吸附方程。添加WGHI后同时抑制了钢的阴极和阳极腐蚀反应,为混合抑制型缓蚀剂;Nyquist呈单一弥散容抗弧,其阻抗值随WGHI质量浓度的增加而显著增大。SEM结果显示:WGHI能有效减缓钢表面在HCl溶液中的腐蚀并且降低了其表面粗糙度。     

阳离子木薯淀粉接枝共聚物对钢在HCl中的缓蚀性能

以木薯淀粉(CS)、丙烯酰胺(AA)及二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)为原料,制备出阳离子木薯淀粉接枝共聚物(CCSGC);采用失重法、开路电位-时间曲线、动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和SEM考察了CCSGC对冷轧钢在HCl介质中的缓蚀性能。结果表明:CCSGC在1.0 mol/L HCl溶液中对冷轧钢具有优良的缓蚀作用,20~50℃下,当CCSGC添加量为50 mg/L时,冷轧钢的最大缓蚀率均能超过92%,缓蚀性能明显高于CS、AA、DMDAAC或CS/AA/DMDAAC混合物。CCSGC在钢表面的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式,且为混乱度增加、放热的混合吸附过程。CCSGC为通过"几何覆盖效应"同时抑制阴极和阳极的混合抑制型缓蚀剂;EIS结果表明:EIS呈存在弥散效应的容抗弧,电荷转移电阻随CCSGC质量浓度的增加而增大,但双电层电容值却减小。SEM结果表明:CCSGC能有效地抑制钢在HCl中的腐蚀。     

Study on the corrosion behavior of reinforcing steel in simulated concrete pore solutions using in situ Raman spectroscopy assisted by electrochemical techniques

In situ Raman spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization curves were used to study the corrosion behavior of reinforcing steel in simulated concrete pore (SCP) solutions (saturated Ca(OH)₂ solutions). Results indicated that the reinforcing steel remained passive in chloride-free SCP solutions. However, the anodic polarization curve of the steel did not exhibit a stable passive region in the SCP solution with 0.5 M NaCl, the corrosion current density exceeded 0.1 μA cm⁻², the steel surface was unstable with chloride attack and localized corrosion appeared on it with FeCO₃ and Fe₂O₃ as the main corrosion products.     

酰胺醚类酸洗缓蚀剂在1M盐酸中的缓蚀行为研究

以烟酰胺基甲基醚(NAME)为一种新型酰胺醚类缓蚀剂,采用失重实验、电化学阻抗、极化曲线和量子化学计算等技术,研究了在1M盐酸溶液中对Q235碳钢的缓蚀作用和机理。实验结果表明,随着NAME浓度的增加,缓蚀效率变大最高可达94.8%,吸附行为符合Langmuir吸附等温式;极化曲线结果表明,NAME是一种阴极抑制为主的混合型缓蚀剂;单容抗弧表明腐蚀过程为电荷转移步骤控制;量子化学计算结果表明,吸附活性中心是杂环、N、O原子上。     

Synergistic inhibition between the gemini surfactant and bromide ion for steel corrosion in sulphuric acid

The inhibitive synergistic effect between a cationic gemini surfactant, 1,3-propane-bis(dimethyl dodecylammonium bromide) (12-3-12), and bromide ion for the corrosion inhibition of cold rolled steel in 0.5 mol L⁻¹ H₂SO₄ was investigated by weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization method and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The inhibition system composed by 12-3-12 and bromide ion is efficient. The adsorption mechanism of the 12-3-12 and bromide ion on steel in acidic medium is discussed on the basis of experimental data and an adsorption model is proposed. Adsorption of inhibitor system on the mild steel surface in acidic medium obeys Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm. In addition, potentiodynamic polarization studies show that the system acts as a mixed-type inhibitor. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy also suggests the formation of a protective layer on the steel surface by the adsorption of surfactant molecules and bromide ions.     

Inhibition of mild steel corrosion in hydrochloric acid solution by triazole derivatives: Part I. Polarization and EIS studies

A comparative study of 5-amino-1,2,4-triazole (5-ATA), 5-amino-3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole (5-AMT), 5-amino-3-methylthio-1,2,4-triazole (5-AMeTT) and 1-amino-3-methylthio-1,2,4-triazole (1-AMeTT) as inhibitors for mild steel corrosion in 0.1 M HCl solution at 20 °C was carried out. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques were applied to study the metal corrosion behaviour in the absence and presence of different concentrations of these inhibitors under the influence of various experimental conditions. Measurements of open circuit potential (OCP) as a function of time till reaching the steady-state potentials (E_st) were also established. The studies have shown that 5-AMT was the most efficient inhibitor reaching values of inhibition efficiency (IE%) up to 96% at a concentration of 10⁻³ M. Polarization curves showed that the four studied compounds act as mixed inhibitors. The potential of zero charge (PZC) of mild steel was determined in 0.1 M HCl in the absence and presence of the studied inhibitors. The effect of chemical structure of the four tested inhibitors was discussed. Results obtained from OCP versus time, polarization and impedance measurements are in good agreement.     

Inhibition effect of methyl violet on the corrosion of cold rolled steel in 1.0 M sulfuric acid solution

The inhibition effect of methyl violet (MV) on the corrosion of cold rolled steel (CRS) in 1.0 M sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) was investigated by weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. The results show that MV is a good inhibitor, and inhibition efficiency increases with inhibitor concentration, while decreases with the temperature. The adsorption of MV on CRS surface obeys Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation. The thermodynamic parameters of adsorption enthalpy (ΔH°), adsorption free energy (ΔG°) and adsorption entropy (ΔS°) are calculated and discussed. Potentiodynamic polarization curves show that MV acts as a mixed-type inhibitor in sulfuric acid. EIS exhibits one capacitive loop which indicates that the corrosion reaction is controlled by charge transfer process. Inhibition efficiency values obtained from weight loss, polarization and EIS are in reasonably good agreement. The adsorbed film on CRS surface containing optimum dose of MV was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Depending on the results, the inhibitive mechanism is proposed from the viewpoint of adsorption theory.     

Enhanced corrosion resistance properties of radiofrequency cold plasma nitrided carbon steel: Gravimetric and electrochemical results

Cold plasma nitriding treatment was performed to improve the corrosion resistance of C38 carbon steel. Nitriding process was conducted using a radiofrequency nitrogen plasma discharge for different times of treatment on non-heated substrates. The modification of the corrosion resistance characteristic of the C38 steel due to the treatment in acid medium (1 M HCl) were investigated by gravimetric and electrochemical tests such as potentiodynamic polarisation curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It was shown that the plasma nitriding treatment improves the corrosion resistance. Indeed, in the gravimetric tests, nitrided samples showed lower weight loss and lower corrosion rate in comparison to untreated one. In the Tafel polarisation tests, the nitrided samples showed greatly reduced corrosion current densities, anodic dissolution and also retarded the hydrogen evolution reaction. Using EIS method, an adequate structural model of the interface was used and the values of the corresponding parameters were calculated and discussed. The results obtained from weight loss and electrochemical studies were in reasonable agreement. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was carried out to establish the mechanism of corrosion inhibition of nitrided C38 steel in 1 M HCl medium. The enhancement of the corrosion resistance is believed to be related to the iron nitride compound layer formed on the C38 steel surface during plasma nitriding, which protected the underlying metal from corrosive attack in the aggressive solutions.     

Dodigen 213-N as corrosion inhibitor for ASTM 1010 mild steel in 10% HCL

This article describes a study of the behavior of a mixture of amines and amides, commercially known as Dodigen 213-N (D-213 N), as a corrosion inhibitor for ASTM 1010 mild steel in 10% w/w HCl solution. The concentration range used was 1 × 10⁻⁵ M to 8 × 10⁻⁴ M. The weight loss and electrochemical techniques used were corrosion potential measurement, anodic and cathodic polarization curves, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The solution temperature was 50 ± 1 °C and it was naturally aerated. The corrosion potential values shifted to slightly more positive values, thus indicating mixed inhibitor behavior. The anodic and cathodic polarization curves showed that D-213 N is an effective corrosion inhibitor, since both the anodic and the cathodic reactions were polarized in comparison with those obtained without inhibitor. For all concentrations the cathodic polarization curves were more polarized than the anodic ones. The inhibition efficiency was in the range 75–98%, calculated from values of weight loss and corrosion current density, i _corr, obtained by extrapolation of Tafel cathodic linear region.     

Amikacin disulfate: an aminoglycoside antibiotic drug as a corrosion inhibitor for copper in 1 M nitric acid medium

The effect of commercially available pharmaceutically active compound amikacin disulfate (AMK) against the corrosion of copper in 1 M HNO₃ solution was investigated using Tafel polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and weight loss techniques. The results show that inhibition efficiency (IE %) increases with increasing inhibitor concentration from 0.1 to 1.0 mM. Increasing the temperature increased the corrosion rate, and results decreased the inhibition efficiency. The adsorption of inhibitor obeyed Langmuir adsorption isotherm model via physisorption mechanism. EIS technique exhibits one capacitive loop, indicating that the corrosion reaction is controlled by charge transfer process. Polarization measurements showed that the AMK is mixed-type inhibitor. The surface morphologies were studied by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopic techniques. The corrosion mechanism were explained by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.     

Electrochemical corrosion characteristics of type 316 stainless steel in simulated anode environment for PEMFC

The corrosion behavior of type 316 stainless steel in simulated anode environment for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), i.e., dilute hydrochloric acid solutions bubbled with pure hydrogen gas at 80 °C, was investigated by using electrochemical measurement techniques. The main purpose is to offer some fundamental information for the use of stainless steels as bipolar plate material for PEMFC. Both polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements illustrate that 316 stainless steel cannot passivate spontaneously in the simulated environments. The absorbed (and/or adsorbed) hydrogen atoms from cathodic corrosion reactions on the steel surface may deteriorate the passivity and corrosion resistance. The oxidation of these hydrogen atoms gives rise to a second current peak in the anodic polarization curve, and the current increases with immersion time. EIS spectra also reveal that a porous corrosion product layer formed on the steel surface during the active dissolution in the test solutions. 316 stainless steel exhibits the similar corrosion behavior in sulfate ions containing dilute hydrochloric acid solution.     

In depth analysis of anti corrosion behaviour of eco friendly gum exudate for mild steel in sulphuric acid medium

The current research work was keen to examine the corrosion inhibition efficiency of mild steel (MS) in presence of aqueous extract of Araucaria heterophylla Gum (AHG) in 1?M H₂SO₄ medium. The phytoconstituents of the AHG were interpreted by GC-MS and corrosion inhibition efficiency was deduced using other techniques like weight loss method, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Adsorption of inhibitor molecules on the mild steel surface was supported by Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). It is seen from the results that the inhibitor exhibits optimum efficiency of 78.57% at 0.05% v/v on mild steel specimen in 1?M H₂SO₄ medium at room temperature. Tafel polarizations clearly show that the aqueous extract of AHG acts as a mixed type inhibitor. The change in the EIS parameters in presence of inhibitor is investigative of the protective layer formation of the mild steel surface. The adsorption is found to obey Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Thermodynamic and activation parameters for the corrosion inhibition process supported the physical adsorption mechanism.     

全有机系高效环保缓蚀剂的研制及电化学研究

以双咪唑啉季铵盐、D-异抗坏血酸钠、新洁尔灭、丙酮肟、EDTA二钠盐为主要缓蚀成分,通过正交挂片实验复配出一种高效、环保、全有机系盐酸复配酸洗缓蚀剂,缓蚀效率大于96%,静态腐蚀速度小于0.6g/(m2·h)。利用失重法、Tafel极化曲线和电化学交流阻抗法对复配缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能进行了研究。结果表明:复配缓蚀剂在盐酸酸洗工艺的温度范围内,具有良好的缓蚀效果,缓蚀率一直大于96%;Fe3+浓度对缓蚀效率影响较大,在酸洗过程中Fe3+浓度应控制在300mg/L以下;复配缓蚀剂抑制了阴极和阳极过程,以阴极控制为主,为电荷传递控制型缓蚀剂。     

Effect of 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid (cysteine) on the corrosion behaviour of low carbon steel in sulphuric acid

The effect of cysteine (cys) on the corrosion of low carbon steel (LCS) in sulphuric acid solution was investigated using electrochemical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results reveal that the presence of cys at low concentrations (0.1-0.5 mmol L⁻¹) promoted the LCS corrosion process, whereas an inhibiting effect was observed at higher concentrations (1.0-5.0 mmol L⁻¹), which was enhanced on deaeration of the test solution. Polarization results revealed that cys actually inhibited the cathodic process at all concentration but exerted a stimulating effect on the anodic metal dissolution reaction. Despite the cathodic inhibiting effect, the polarization resistances at low cys concentrations were less than that in the blank acid. This suggests that the anodic reaction was the predominant influence determining the corrosion rates in the presence of cys. This has been discussed vis-à-vis the catalytic effect of the Fe-cys complex, which turns the Fe surface more electrochemically active.     

Corrosion inhibition performance of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole and 2-mercaptobenzoxazole compounds for protection of mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution

The effect of some mercapto functional azole compounds on the corrosion of mild steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution was studied by polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Polarization studies showed depression of cathodic and anodic polarization curves in the presence of mercapto functional azole compounds, indicating mixed type corrosion inhibition of the compounds. Double layer capacitance and charge transfer resistance values were derived from EIS results. Changes in impedance parameters are indicative of adsorption of these compounds on the metal surface. Surface analysis SEM/EDX showing presence of sulfur on the surface confirmed the adsorption of the azole compounds on the mild steel surface as showed by electrochemical methods. Both compounds contain a pyridine-like nitrogen atom and a sulfur atom in their molecular structure, while they differ in only one heteroatom: oxygen in the oxazole ring and pyrrole-like nitrogen in the imidazole ring. The results of the electrochemical techniques revealed that changing the pyrrole like nitrogen atom to oxygen atom in the azole ring results in a decrease of corrosion inhibition performance in hydrochloric acid solution, which could be related to more negative charge on pyrrole-like nitrogen atom in comparison to oxygen atom as depicted by quantum chemical calculations.     

Adsorption properties and inhibition of mild steel corrosion in hydrochloric acid solution by ceftobiprole

The inhibition effect of ceftobiprole against the corrosion of mild steel in 1 M HCl solution was studied by weight loss, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization and atomic force microscopy techniques. Inhibition efficiency increased with inhibitor concentration where as decreased with acid concentration. Data obtained from EIS studies were analyzed to model the corrosion inhibition process through appropriate equivalent circuit models. The adsorption of ceftobiprole obeyed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Both thermodynamic and activation parameters were calculated and discussed. Polarization curves indicated that they are mixed type of inhibitors. Polarization curves showed that ceftobiprole act as mixed-type inhibitor. The results obtained from weight loss, EIS and Potentiodynamic polarization are in good agreement.