基于ADAMS的腕力传感器动态性能分析

腕力传感器是智能机器人中最重要的传感器之一,作为反馈控制系统中的检测元件,要能迅速反映力和力矩的变化,应具有良好的动态特性。利用机械系统动力学软件ADAMS对一种新型的并联六维腕力传感器的弹性体进行瞬态动力学分析,得到了它的动态响应曲线,由此计算出传感器的动态性能指标,为此类传感器的进一步研究提供了一种新的途径和方法。     

柔性可穿戴腕部动力手套的设计与分析

动力手套是一种腕部康复训练装置,同时具有辅助的助力功能。康复训练是手腕进行自主康复的一种重要的辅助治疗手段,传统的康复训练装置大多采用电机驱动的刚性外骨骼结构,在运动时急剧变化的冲击力易造成关节二次伤害,同时较大的质量增加了身体的额外负担。基于气动人工肌肉设计并制作了一款柔性可穿戴动力手套装置,能够实现腕关节屈/伸、内收/外展两自由度运动,集康复训练与腕部助力于一体,轻量化柔顺的外骨骼结构提高了其便携性及舒适性。通过嵌入薄膜压力传感器能够感知手掌与物体之间的抓取力,自动实现腕关节助力功能并有效地保护腕部。对腕部进行穿戴静力分析求解手套装置的性能需求参数,并测试气动肌腱的关键指标及手套的整体性能,测试结果表明所设计的动力手套能够满足腕部康复训练要求并具有辅助的助力功能。     

新型机器人6维力／力矩传感器结构的刚度性能指标分析

提出了一种新颖的6维力/力矩传感器并联结构,应用并联机器人机构学理论求出其刚度矩阵,定义其刚度性能指标,并对其刚度性能指标进行分析计算,为该传感器的设计与应用提供理论依据。分析计算结果表明,该并联结构的6维力/力矩传感器是位移刚度和扭转刚度各项同性的,可应用到机器人手腕、手指和其它使用多维力/力矩传感器的场合。     

基于Stewart机构的六维力/力矩传感器

基于Stewart机构的六维力/力矩传感器是一种十分优越的测力传感器,具有测力接触面大、承载能力强、量程大、测力信息丰富等优点,可被广泛应用在航空机器人、航空航天技术及宇宙空间器的对接试验、风洞试验等场合。根据以上特点,阐述Stewart机构的六维力/力矩传感器的测力原理,分析传感器的受力变形,零部件设计尺寸和理论尺寸的制造误差及安装误差对其测力精度的影响,并对其结构参数进行优化设计。提出一种标定方法,研究其标定算法。对自主研制的Stewart六维力/力矩传感器进行标定试验,得出该传感器的标定矩阵。研究结果表明,用标定矩阵代替传感器理论影响系数矩阵参与6个单向力传感器输出信号的耦合,能够有效地提高该传感器的测力精度。     

一种机器人多轴腕力传感器弹性体有限元分析

建立一种机器人腕力传感器弹性体的静、动特性的有限元计算模型,分析传感器弹性体在各种工况下的应力分布规律以及固有振动的频率和振型,为改进传感器的弹性体的设计,进行传感器结构的优化设计进行前期的准备。     

Design and fabrication of a six-dimensional wrist force/torque sensor based on E-type membranes compared to cross beams

This paper presents a novel device for measuring components of forces and moments along and about three orthogonal axes based on E-type membranes compared to conventional sensor based on cross beams. After design and analysis of both types of sensors, we chose to fabricate a six-dimensional wrist force/torque sensor based on E-type membranes. Furthermore, the calibration and decoupling based on Neural Network method were performed, and the sensor possesses excellent characteristics such as high measurement sensitivity, overload protection, good linearity, and weak couplings between components. Finally, its maximum interference error and nonlinearity error are 1.6% F.S. and 0.17% F.S., respectively.     

Torque sensor calibration using virtual load for a manipulator

Accurate load sensing of a manipulator becomes increasingly important in performing various tasks involving contact with an environment. Most of the research has been focused on improving the hardware of a force/torque sensor. The torque sensors for a manipulator suffer from crosstalk, which is difficult to compensate for even with sophisticated calibration. This research proposed a novel calibration method composed of two steps. Through the primary calibration, the torque sensor output can be related to the joint torques. The secondary calibration, which is based on a virtual load, is conducted to compensate for the crosstalk of a torque sensor. The virtual load is obtained from the sensed joint torques and manipulator configuration. Using the proposed calibration method, the external load acting on the end-effector of a manipulator can be accurately measured even with relatively low-quality torque sensors. The experimental results showed that the error in the load sensing was significantly reduced by the proposed calibration method.     

相关小波法在腕力传感器动态特性分析中的研究

在机器人腕力传感器的动态特性分析中，最关键的步骤之一是从传感器输入输出信号中提取精确的脉冲响应函数和频响函数。介绍了一种新的提取腕力传感器脉冲响应函数的方法——相关小波法。在建立腕力传感器的简化动力学模型的基础上，模拟了机器人与环境相互碰撞及机器人在强噪声环境中的典型工作条件，用相关小波法提取了模型系统的脉冲响应函数和频响函数，并与传统的FFT方法进行了比较。结果表明，相关小波法比FFT方法具有更明显的优势，获得了更高精度的脉冲响应函数和频响函数的提取。相关小波法为腕力传感器，同时也为其他传感器的动态特性分析提供了一种新的、有效的方法。     

Stewart型六维力传感器弹性体结构的设计

对六维力/力矩传感器弹性体结构进行了分析;提出了基于Stewart平台的球铰接分体式弹性体的设计方案;根据力的叠加原理对传感器分别施加单轴力,分析得到最大受力杆;并利用Matlab软件分析计算系数转换矩阵,得到施加的力与六维力之间的转换方程;调整上下平台夹角α、β及杆长L等参数,对传感器结构参数进行优化设计,得到设计数据表;为Stewart六维力传感器结构参数的选择及优化提供了参考依据。     

全数字输出的集成式微型六维力/力矩传感器

研究了一种新型的集成式微型六维力／力矩传感器,该传感器将机械本体、信号处理电路和数字化电路融为一体,具有微型化、集成化、低功耗和全数字输出等特点。     

被动腕关节柔顺驱动环形刀具的曲面适应性问题研究

通过对现有曲面研抛现状的研究,设计出了一种新型的可用于数控铣床的自由曲面形状自适应柔顺研抛工具系统。工具系统中创新型的使用了被动腕关节机构以及磁流变液力矩伺服机构。其中,被动腕关节机构的使用,使得环形研抛工具能很好的适应工件表面曲率变化;同时磁流变液力矩伺服机构可以控制研抛压力的大小。实现了力/位混合伺服控制,为自动化柔顺研抛提供了一种新的途径。利用ADAMS建立了工具系统的虚拟样机,并对研抛过程的动力学问题进行了仿真实验研究。     

A novel parallel sensor with six rigid compliant limbs for measuring six- component force/torque

A novel parallel sensor with six rigid/compliant hybrid limbs and six standard force sensors is developed for measuring the six-component force/torque. The measuring theory and performances are studied. A prototype of the robot hybrid hands with the parallel sensor is developed. A prototype of the parallel sensor is built up and its merits and performances are analyzed. A statics equation among the forces of the standard force sensors and the whole external load and a stiffness model of the parallel sensor are established based on its equivalent parallel mechanism. The force/torque of the parallel sensor is measured under the given external load. The theoretical solutions of the statics model of the parallel sensor are obtained and verified by both the experimental measuring solutions of the prototype of the parallel sensor and the simulation solutions of a FE model.

     

并联结构力传感器力矩各向同性研究

六维力传感器可以同时测量空间六维广义力，已成为机器人研究领域的重点之一。文中研究的是一种新型、适用于机器人手腕和指尖的Stewart结构的六维力传感器，分析其力矩各向同性指标，得到力矩各向同性的具体解析表达式，同时对力矩各向同性进行了图谱分析，并研究了坐标系变化对力矩各向同性指标的影响，为该六维力传感器的结构设计奠定了理论基础，其研究结果具有理论和实用价值。     

电动助力转向系统光电式转矩传感器的研究

转矩传感器是汽车电动助力转向系统(EPS系统)的关键部件之一，其输出特性直接影响到EPS系统的控制性能。在分析国外EPS系统转矩传感器的基础上，根据EPS系统的要求，设计开发了一种结构简单、成本低廉的光电式非接触转向盘转矩传感器。给出该光电式传感器的结构和原理，并对其进行测试；对传感器输出特性的分析表明：所设计的光电式转矩传感器在输出重复性、温度漂移等综合性能方面基本满足EPS系统的要求。     

Research on force-sensing element's spatial arrangement of piezoelectric six-component force/torque sensor

This paper proposes a novel piezoelectric six-component force/torque sensor with four-point supporting structure, and makes research on force-sensing element's spatial arrangement of the novel sensor. Two kinds of different spatial arrangements are advanced, lozenge and square arrangement. The mathematical models are built and calculated. The influence on using performance of the two kinds of different spatial arrangements of the sensor is analyzed by FEM (ANSYS software). In order to investigate the validity of the proposed method, a prototype of piezoelectric six-component force/moment sensor is developed with two kinds of different spatial arrangements, and characteristic tests of the piezoelectric six-component force/moment sensor are performed. The test shows that both of the different spatial arrangement sensors could be used to measure six-component force/torque, but the square arrangement piezoelectric six-component force/moment sensor is more suitable for measurement of six-component force/torque on axis. The interference errors of square arrangement sensor are less than 5%, which are lower than those of the lozenge arrangement sensor. The natural frequencies in six directions are analyzed and discussed.     

新型解耦和各向同性五维力传感器性能分析

介绍基于并联4-SPS&1-UPU结构的新型机器人五维力与力矩传感器的结构特点,并分析计算了其力与应变之间的转换关系及其力各向同性,为该五维力与力矩传感器的设计和使用提供了理论依据,分析计算结果表明该传感器是力与力矩解耦和各向同性的。该传感器采用弹性铰链替代球铰和虎克铰,具有结构灵巧、工艺好等优点,可应用到机器人手指和其他使用多维力与力矩传感器的场合。     

指端可穿戴式力触觉交互装置设计与评估

可穿戴式力触觉交互技术作为力触觉交互技术的一个分支,可以为操作者提供更为真实、自然的人机交互体验。设计了一种指端可穿戴式力触觉交互装置,装置由穿戴于腕部的控制盒以及穿戴于指尖的部分组成,穿戴于指尖的部分重约30 g,尺寸为38 mm×31 mm×50 mm。装置采用连杆机构,可实现三自由度的力触觉反馈。装置使用蓝牙通信,具有小型轻便、穿戴方便的特点。通过方向感知与识别实验证明,装置可在指腹面产生8个有效的方向性信息,而且每个方向都可以为人所正确感知。此外,虚拟环境交互实验证明,装置可帮助人在虚拟环境中控制交互力的大小,并提高人机交互的效率。     

HIT／DLR灵巧手传感器系统

介绍了HIT／DLR多指灵巧手的传感器系统,基于DSP,FPGA及A／D转换芯片等,实现了手指传感器信息的数字化采集和传输,提高了传感器的信号质量及系统可靠性。在灵巧手的传感器系统中,着重介绍了指尖六维力／力矩传感器、关节位置传感器、关节力矩传感器及触觉传感器等。     

试验室自校扭矩校准装置的设计及应用

针对实验室中扭矩传感器校准和期间核查的需要,设计开发了一种扭矩校准装置。该装置改变了原来的杆形力臂为圆盘形力臂,保证了所加拉力与力臂垂直的要求。通过定滑轮机构抬高轻质钢绳末端使其便于加载砝码,通过校准实例介绍了该装置的应用及传感器系数的修正方法,为扭矩传感器的校准提供参考。     

Crosstalk calibration for torque sensor using actual sensing frame

Accurate load sensing is crucial to robots’ performance of various tasks undertaken to assist workers. Most of the research on load sensing by robot manipulators has focused on improving force/torque sensor hardware. Torque sensors suffer from crosstalk, which cannot be compensated, not even through calibration. Thus, for minimization of crosstalk, torque sensors require precise machining and a complicated structure, which often increase costs. This paper proposes an alternative, novel calibration method. In this scheme, first, the compliance matrix of the torque sensor is obtained from sampling data, and then the location and scale of the actual sensing frame, in which crosstalk-free load sensing occurs, can be estimated. Using the proposed calibration method, the external load acting on the end-effector can be sensed accurately, even with relatively low-quality torque sensors. Experimental results show that measurement accuracy was significantly improved with the proposed method.