水玻璃-Na2CO3激发富镁镍渣-粉煤灰基地质聚合物的制备及性能

本文使用正交试验法,研究了富镁镍渣与粉煤灰的质量比、复合碱激发剂(水玻璃-Na₂CO₃)掺量及水胶比对富镁镍渣-粉煤灰基地质聚合物力学性能的影响,通过XRD、SEM、EDS及TG等测试方法对水化产物进行表征。结果表明,最优试样28 d抗压强度可达37.50 MPa。XRD结果显示,7 d与28 d的水化产物中含有水化硅酸钙凝胶,结合SEM、EDS分析可知,产物中还有菱沸石(N-A-S-H)与钠镁硅铝酸盐(N-M-A-S)无定形凝胶相,这些凝胶相是地质聚合物强度增加的主要原因。     

矿渣-电石渣基地质聚合物的性能及作用机制

以粒化高炉矿渣为主要材料，在碱性电石渣激发作用下，制备了一种矿渣-电石渣基地质聚合物。通过XRD、SEM、EDS、FTIR、TG-DSC等微观测试技术，对矿渣-电石渣基地质聚合物的性能及作用机制进行了分析，同时对地质聚合物进行了重金属浸出测试。结果表明：当外掺电石渣质量分数为14%、水胶比为0.34时，矿渣-电石渣基地质聚合物在4 d常温养护、32 h蒸汽养护环境下抗压强度达到31.8 MPa;地质聚合物的水化产物主要为水化硅铝酸钙、水化碳铝酸钙和少量钙钒石晶体；浸出液中重金属浓度均满足国家毒性控制标准，说明了地质聚合物的安全性；电石渣对矿渣碱激发作用效果良好。     

水镁石纤维增韧炉底渣基地质聚合物的制备和增韧机理

以炉底渣为原料,水镁石纤维为增韧材料,通过碱激活反应制备水镁石纤维增韧炉底渣基地质聚合物.通过XRF、XRD、MIP及SEM对地质聚合物的成分、矿物相、孔结构及微观形貌进行了表征,探究了水镁石纤维的增韧机理.力学结果表明,当水镁石纤维掺量为0.8wt％时,抗折强度提高26.6％,增韧效果显著.XRD及MIP结果表明,水镁石纤维的加入,不改变地质聚合物的矿物相组成,以物理结合的方式嵌插于炉底渣的水化产物中,增加密实度,改善孔隙结构.炉底渣基地质聚合物韧性的提高应归因于纤维桥联、纤维脱粘和纤维拔出的共同作用.     

沥青及聚丙烯纤维增韧粉煤灰-矿渣基地质聚合物的制备

本文采用双掺沥青和聚丙烯纤维对碱激发粉煤灰-矿渣基地质聚合物进行了强化增韧研究.结果表明当沥青及聚丙烯纤维掺量分别为1wt％和0.6wt％时,地质聚合物28 d龄期表现出9.7 MPa的最高抗折强度.XRD物相分析结果表明,双掺沥青和聚丙烯纤维对该地质聚合物的物相结构没有造成影响.SEM结合断裂韧度计算结果发现纤维与地质聚合物基体结合紧密,纤维的拔出长度较长,表明聚丙烯纤维可以提高试件的断裂韧度,达到增韧效果.     

煤气化粗渣-矿渣基地质聚合物的制备与性能

在煤气化粗渣基地质聚合物中复掺矿渣可改善其早期力学性能。本文以煤气化粗渣和矿渣为原料制备地质聚合物,系统研究了不同矿渣掺量对煤气化粗渣基地质聚合物早期力学性能及微观结构的影响。利用X射线衍射、压汞测试、扫描电镜、傅里叶红外光谱等方法对煤气化粗渣-矿渣基地质聚合物的微观结构进行分析表征。结果表明,当矿渣掺量增加时,地质聚合物抗压强度呈逐渐增大趋势。矿渣掺量为40%(质量分数)时,样品28 d抗压强度高达53.1 MPa。由微观分析可知,掺入矿渣后地质聚合物表面生成了大量水化硅铝酸钙/钠(C(N)-A-S-H)凝胶,使地质聚合物微观结构更为致密,力学性能得到改善。     

碱激发粉煤灰-硅灰基地质聚合物的性能及表征

以粉煤灰(FA)和硅灰(SF)为主要原料制备碱激发地质聚合物胶凝材料,运用XRD、SEM、EDS及FTIR等测试手段研究了SF与FA的质量比(SF/FA)及不同碱激发剂(NaOH和KOH)对粉煤灰-硅灰基地质聚合物砂浆力学性能及组织结构的影响.研究结果表明,随着SF/FA的增大,碱激发粉煤灰-硅灰基地质聚合物的抗压强度和抗折强度逐渐增大,最高可分别达到23.89 MPa和6.60 MPa,NaOH的激发效果强于KOH.碱激发粉煤灰-硅灰基地质聚合物结构中新生成了菱沸石相和无定形N-A-S-H凝胶相,FA和SF反应不完全,结构中仍存在未反应的FA颗粒及SF颗粒.FTIR结果表明N-A-S-H相的存在,随着SF/FA的增大,碱激发粉煤灰-硅灰基地质聚合物中[AlO6]9-八面体和[AlO4]5-四面体发生了结构重组,配位状态进一步完善,且T-O-Si(T=Al,Si)发生了聚合,致使地质聚合物强度逐渐增大.     

偏高岭土—粉煤灰基地质聚合物的制备及其性能研究

地质聚合物是一种具有特殊网络结构的新型无机非金属胶凝材料。为了改善地质聚合物的力学性能,采用粉煤灰作为主要原料,液体水玻璃和氢氧化钠作为碱激发剂,将偏高岭土作为填料替代部分粉煤灰,制备了应用偏高岭土的粉煤灰基地质聚合物。对偏高岭土-粉煤灰基地质聚合物进行了扫描电子显微镜、抗折抗压强度以及折压比等表征,研究了偏高岭土-粉煤灰基地质聚合物结构以及强度的影响。结果显示：在粉煤灰基地质聚合物中添加偏高岭土会加快强度的形成,并且提高了粉煤灰基地质聚合物的强度。     

高炉矿渣-粉煤灰基地质聚合物固化铅离子及防辐射性能研究

研究利用高炉矿渣（BFS）、粉煤灰（FA）作为原材料制备地质聚合物。以氢氧化钠与水玻璃作为碱激发剂,在碱激发条件下制备地质聚合物固化二价铅离子（Pb²⁺）。研究Pb²⁺的掺量对固化体强度的影响,并通过浸出毒性实验、X射线衍射分析（XRD）、红外光谱分析（FT-IR）、扫描电镜（SEM）等表征分析、防辐射实验测试,探究其固化效果与固化机理。结果表明,高炉矿渣-粉煤灰基地质聚合物与Pb²⁺具有良好的相容性,且固化体在28 d最高抗压强度可以达到43 MPa,Pb²⁺的添加质量分数为1%时能提高其固化体的强度。浸出实验表明,固化体对质量分数为1% Pb²⁺的固化效率在97%以上。微观分析认为大部分重金属是以羟基配合离子的形式被物理封装在地质聚合物内部。防辐射实验测试表明,Pb²⁺的掺量与高炉矿渣-粉煤灰基地质聚合物的γ射线屏蔽效果成正相关,实验中Pb²⁺最优掺入质量分数为3%,线性吸收系数和半衰减层厚度最优值分别为0.222 0 cm^-1和2.309 5 cm。     

钢渣-粉煤灰基地质聚合物的制备及性能研究

本文以钢渣和粉煤灰为原料,通过碱激发方式制备了地质聚合物胶凝材料.测试了钢渣不同含量下,粉煤灰基地质聚合物的1d、3d、7d、28 d抗压强度,并采用XRD、FTIR、SEM对28 d样品进行表征.抗压强度测试中,当钢渣掺量为30％时强度最高,达到40.33 MPa.红外图谱分析表明反应生成了Si-O-T(Si,Al)三维网状结构的地质聚合物.样品晶相分析中发现了C-S-H相,表明在发生地质聚合反应的同时也发生了水化反应.通过SEM微观形貌图可以看到,钢渣掺量为30％的样品结构致密,孔隙率低,但当钢渣掺量过高时,由于钢渣活性较低,钢渣碱激发效果下降,仍有部分未反应的钢渣颗粒出现.     

粉煤灰基地质聚合物力学性能及碱渣改性机理

为探索粉煤灰基地质聚合物的力学特性,通过12组胶砂试样的抗折和抗压强度研究NaOH掺量、养护条件、龄期和碱渣掺量对力学性能的影响,对比不同因素下试样胶砂表面孔隙特征,分析了碱渣对粉煤灰基地质聚合物体系的改性机理.结果表明:1.NaOH溶液过剩使强度降低;高温养护能提高强度;粉煤灰基地质聚合物的养护不需要太大的湿度.2.碱渣掺量小于27％时,对粉煤灰-NaOH体系强度有显著的改性作用.CaCO3增大溶液碱性,减小胶砂流动性,影响地质聚合物的微观结构,有效改善体系收缩程度.3.可溶性含钙组分中Ca2参与生成C-SH凝胶,与地质聚合物协同作用提高胶结性,减小孔隙的连通性.     

Improving compressive strength of fly ash-based geopolymer composites by basalt fibers addition

In this study, ASTM Class C fly ash used as an alumino-silicate source was activated by metal alkali and cured at low temperature. Basalt fibers which have excellent physical and mechanical properties were added to fly ash-based geopolymers for 10–30% solid content to act as a reinforced material, and its influence on the compressive strength of geopolymer composites has been investigated. XRD study of synthesized geopolymers showed an amorphous phase of geopolymeric gel in the 2θ region of 23°–38° including calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) phase, some crystalline phases of magnesioferrite, and un-reacted quartz. The microstructure investigation illustrated fly ash particles and basalt fibers were embedded in a dense alumino-silicate matrix, though there was some un-reacted phase occurred. The compressive strength of fly ash-based geopolymer matrix without basalt fibers added samples aged 28 days was 35 MPa which significantly increased 37% when the 10 wt%. basalt fibers were added. However, the addition of basalt fibers from 15 to 30 wt% has not shown a major improvement in compressive strength. In addition, it was found that the compressive strength was strong relevant to the Ca/Si ratio and the C-S-H phase in the geopolymer matrix as high compressive strength was found in the samples with high Ca/Si ratio. It is suggested that basalt fibers are one of the potential candidates as reinforcements for geopolymer composites development.     

Comparative performance of geopolymers made with metakaolin and fly ash after exposure to elevated temperatures

This paper presents the results of a study on the effect of elevated temperatures on geopolymers manufactured using metakaolin and fly ash of various mixture proportions. Both types of geopolymers (metakaolin and fly ash) were synthesized with sodium silicate and potassium hydroxide solutions.

The strength of the fly ash-based geopolymer increased after exposure to elevated temperatures (800 °C). However, the strength of the corresponding metakaolin-based geopolymer decreased after similar exposure. Both types of geopolymers were subjected to thermogravimetric, scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry tests. The paper concludes that the fly ash-based geopolymers have large numbers of small pores which facilitate the escape of moisture when heated, thus causing minimal damage to the geopolymer matrix. On the other hand, metakaolin geopolymers do not possess such pore distribution structures. The strength increase in fly ash geopolymers is also partly attributed to the sintering reactions of un-reacted fly ash particles.     

Fibre-reinforced boroaluminosilicate geopolymers: A comparative study

This paper investigates the effect of fibres on the physical and mechanical behaviour of boroaluminosilicate geopolymers (BASG) compared to conventional aluminosilicate binders. The use of various types of fibres by the means of reinforcing geopolymers against flexural loads is very common. In this work, fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) are utilised as raw materials to generate geopolymer specimens. Different alkaline solutions comprising sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate, and borax are prepared to activate precursors. The sodium silicate solution is substituted with borax by 30?wt% and 70?wt% in order to produce fly ash and slag-based BASG respectively. Steel and polymer fibres are employed in the mixtures for reinforcement. Three-point bending and mini slump tests are conducted for assessing the flexural strength, elastic modulus, toughness, and flow of geopolymer specimens. A pair plotting interpretation is also used in order to illustrate the patterns. The obtained results indicate that the fly ash-based BASG mortar shows superior flexural strength to the GGBS-based BASG mortar. The flexural strength of fly ash-made aluminosilicate geopolymer declines from 7.3?MPa to 6.4?MPa with an increase in the content of steel fibres from 1% to 2%. Inversely, raising the percentage of steel fibres in the fly ash-based BASG mortar caused a slight growth in the flexural strength of specimens. The polypropylene fibres, when added sufficiently, play a significant role in improving the toughness of fly ash-based BASG and slag-based aluminosilicate mixtures, more than 0.8 and 0.7?J surge in the toughness respectively. In addition, the polypropylene and steel fibres perform well in improving the elastic modulus of slag-based BASG and fly ash-based aluminosilicate binders. While keeping the water to binder ratio constant, introducing the steel fibre increased the flow of fly ash-based geopolymers. Nonetheless, the polymer fibres declined the flow of mortars.     

Suitability of Sarawak and Gladstone fly ash to produce geopolymers: A physical,chemical, mechanical,mineralogical and microstructural analysis

Two types of fly ash sourced from Sarawak, Malaysia and Gladstone, Australia reflect differences in chemical compositions, mineral phase and particle size distributions. In this paper, the Sarawak fly ash was used to produce geopolymer in comparison to the well-developed Gladstone fly ash-based geopolymer. Characteristics of fly ash and mixtures proportions affecting compressive strength of the geopolymers were investigated. It is found that the variations of both fly ash types on particle size distributions, chemical compositions, morphology properties and amorphous phase correspond to the compressive strength. The results obtained show that after 7 days, geopolymer using Sarawak fly ash has lower compressive strength of about 55 MPa than geopolymer using Gladstone fly ash with strength of about 62 MPa. In comparison with Gladstone fly ash-based geopolymer, it showed that Sarawak fly ash-based geopolymer can be a potential construction material. Moreover, the production of Sarawak fly ash-based geopolymer aids to widen the application of Sarawak fly ash from being treated as industrial waste consequently discharging into the ash pond.     

室温碱激发低钙粉煤灰地质聚合物配比试验研究

为得到室温下粉煤灰与碱激发剂质量比、水玻璃与氢氧化钠溶液质量比和氢氧化钠溶液摩尔浓度对粉煤灰地质聚合物力学性能的影响,以低钙粉煤灰为原料,制备了地质聚合物胶凝材料。采用正交试验方法,分析粉煤灰地质聚合物抗压强度,探讨碱激发剂配比对粉煤灰地质聚合物力学性能的影响,结合SEM、XRD和FTIR对试样进行表征,并对该材料的应力-应变曲线进行了研究。结果表明:粉煤灰地质聚合物的抗压强度随着激发剂掺量的减少而增大,水玻璃在激发剂中的比值与粉煤灰地质聚合物的抗压强度呈现正相关,其中粉煤灰与碱激发剂质量比为1.8,水玻璃与氢氧化钠溶液质量比为2.5且氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为10 mol/L时,120 d龄期的抗压强度可达51.98 MPa。对应力-应变曲线分析得出,在一定程度上,激发剂的掺入量对粉煤灰地质聚合物的破坏应变和弹性模量有较大影响。SEM、XRD和FTIR分析表明随着养护时间增长,胶凝材料体系内结构更致密,生成了更多的硅铝酸盐凝胶。     

The evolution of strength and crystalline phases for alkali-activated ground blast furnace slag and fly ash-based geopolymers

The increase in strength and evolution of crystalline phases in inorganic polymer cement, made by the alkali activation of slag, Class C and Class F fly ashes, was followed using compressive strength test and synchrotron X-ray diffraction. In order to increase the crystallinity of the product the reactions were carried out at 80 °C. We found that hydrotalcite formed in both the alkali-activated slag cements and the fly ash-based geopolymers. Hydroxycancrinite, one member of the ABC-6 family of zeolites, was found only in the fly ash geopolymers. Assuming that the predominantly amorphous geopolymer formed under ambient conditions relates to the crystalline phases found when the mixture is cured at high temperature, we propose that the structure of this zeolitic precursor formed in Na-based high alkaline environment can be regarded as a disordered form of the basic building unit of the ABC-6 group of zeolites which includes poly-types such as hydroxycancrinite, hydroxysodalite and chabazite-Na.     

钢渣微粉-粉煤灰基地质聚合物性能研究及微观结构分析

采用钢渣微粉和粉煤灰为主要原材料制备地质聚合物,以抗压强度为指标优化制备条件,探讨影响地质聚合物强度的因素,利用SEM、XRD和TG-DSC等手段对产物的微观形貌、物相组成和热稳定性进行分析表征。研究表明,地质聚合物的抗压强度随着钢渣微粉掺量和激发剂掺量增加先增加后减小,随温度增加而增加,其中养护温度影响最显著,水玻璃模数影响最小。最佳工艺条件为:水玻璃模数1.0、激发剂掺量20%(质量分数)、钢渣微粉掺量20%(质量分数)、液固比0.3、养护温度60 ℃。其3 d和7 d抗压强度高达40.11 MPa和43.03 MPa,固化Pb²⁺后对其强度影响较小,固化率在99.99%以上。地质聚合物表面致密度高,无明显裂纹,未观察到明显的钢渣颗粒轮廓,晶相结构主要为石英和莫来石,热稳定好。     

煤气化粗渣-粉煤灰基地质聚合物的制备与性能

煤气化渣与粉煤灰均为煤炭资源利用过程中产生的固体废弃物,可以应用在碱激发领域。从煤气化粗渣的性质入手,采用粉煤灰对煤气化粗渣进行改性,利用碱激发技术制备了煤气化粗渣-粉煤灰基地质聚合物,并对所制备产物的性能进行研究。结果表明,在体系中掺入粉煤灰可以明显改善其力学性能,当粉煤灰掺入量为30%(质量分数)时,样品的28 d抗压强度最高,达到44.5 MPa。此外,通过对样品进行物相分析与微观形貌表征发现,样品的无定形产物主要为N(C)-A-S-H凝胶,它能够结成相互连接的空间网状结构,具有较强的黏结能力,这是样品材料具有较高强度的主要原因。