自牺牲模板法制备氮掺杂碳化钼/碳析氢电催化剂

采用g-C₃N₄为自牺牲模板和氮源,葡萄糖为碳源,钼酸铵为钼源,制备具有二维纳米结构的氮掺杂碳化钼修饰碳纳米片(N-Mo₂C/C),并评价其电催化析氢性能。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、拉曼(Raman)等测试手段对N-Mo₂C/C的组成、形貌及结构进行分析。结果表明,氮掺杂的Mo₂C纳米颗粒均匀分散在二维碳纳米片上,粒径主要分布在3~5 nm。利用电化学工作站测试 N-Mo₂C/C的电催化析氢性能,在1 mol/L KOH溶液中,电流密度为10 mA/cm²时其对应的过电势为185 mV,Tafel斜率为69 mV/dec,经20 h循环可维持稳定的析氢电势。     

泡沫镍上原位制备FeOOH/MoSey及电解水双催化性能研究

为设计同时具有优异电催化析氢和析氧性能的过渡金属基催化剂，以泡沫镍为载体和集流体，原位制备了硒化钼(MoSe_y)和羟基氧化铁(FeOOH),得到FeOOH/MoSe_y@Ni复合材料。表征结果表明，先通过电沉积法原位生长了MoSe_y层，再以该MoSe_y层为成核点，通过常温浸泡生长形成了由FeOOH纳米片组成的微米绒球。在三电极体系中，以1 mol·L^-1 KOH溶液为电解液，该FeOOH/MoSe_y@Ni复合材料表现出优异的电催化析氢和析氧性能，析氢电流密度在10 mA·cm^-2时的过电位(η₁₀)为128 mV,析氧电流密度在20 mA·cm^-2时的过电位(η₂₀)为306 mV,并具有较小的Tafel斜率、较大的双电层电容(C_dl)值和良好的稳定性。FeOOH/MoSe_y@Ni优异的电催化性能主要由于三维开放的泡沫镍骨架和原...     

以椰壳碳为载体的碳化钼催化剂在NO2转化制NO反应中的应用

为改善活性炭(AC)负载Mo₂C基催化剂还原NO₂制NO的反应性能，考察硝酸、氨水和双氧水处理后的活性炭对Mo₂C/AC结构及反应性能的影响。采用N2物理吸附-脱附、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射等对催化剂进行表征。结果表明：催化剂含氧官能团丰富，Mo₂C均匀分散，比表面积和孔容比AC0(未预处理AC)小。Mo₂C/AC2比表面积和微孔孔容最大，含氧官能团少，有利于Mo₂C分散、NO₂吸附和还原。3种催化剂在100～400℃转化率随着温度的升高先上升后下降，在250℃时转化率大小关系为：Mo₂C/AC2 (80.8%)>Mo₂C/AC3 (75.9%)>Mo₂C/AC1 (55.2%)。     

碳化钼负载高分散Cu基催化剂的制备及加氢性能研究

以碳化钼为载体，采用锚定-沉积策略制备了负载型铜基催化剂(Cu/Mo₂C),考察了催化剂在对硝基苯酚(4-NP)催化加氢反应中的特性。X射线粉末衍射和扫描电镜结果表明铜物种以金属态的形式均匀分散在载体表面。催化结果表明：在25℃和常压下，Cu/Mo₂C在2 min内即可实现94.2%的4-NP催化转化，加氢速率常数达到38.6×10^-3 s^-1。此外，Cu/Mo₂C催化剂在五次循环利用中没有出现显著下降，表现出有较高的稳定性和循环利用性。     

非贵金属助催化剂Ni3C修饰Zr-MOF/g-C3N4异质结加速电荷转移改善光催化析氢性能

负载助催化剂被广泛认为是提高光催化效率的有效方法。本文设计合成了非贵金属Ni₃C纳米颗粒修饰的Zr-MOF/g-C₃N₄异质结,并将其用于光催化析氢反应。结果表明,Ni₃C助催化剂不仅改善了复合材料中光生载流子的电荷分离和转移能力,而且降低了催化剂表面析氢过电位,可以大大提高Zr-MOF/g-C₃N₄的光催化析氢活性。在优化Ni₃C负载量后,Zr-MOF/g-C₃N₄/Ni₃C(4.8%)复合材料在可见光下的析氢速率可达3.405mmol·h^-1·g^-1,是Zr-MOF/g-C₃N₄析氢速率的7.2倍。     

金属有机骨架衍生的自支撑Co9S8/Ni3S2纳米片阵列用于高效电催化分解水性能研究

采用简单、可控的阳离子交换法和水热法在导电基底上成功构筑了具有自支撑纳米片阵列结构的Co_9S_8/Ni_3S_2电催化剂,在碱性电解液(1 mol/L KOH)中,采用三电极体系分别研究了Co_9S_8/Ni_3S_2的电催化析氧和析氢性能。在析氧性能测试中,Co_9S_8/Ni_3S_2/NF电催化剂获取50、100 mA/cm~2的催化电流密度所需要的过电位仅为230、280 mV。而在析氢性能测试中,Co_9S_8/Ni_3S_2/NF电催化剂获取-100 mA/cm~2的催化析氢电流密度所需的过电位仅为129 mV,同时该催化剂表现出了优异的电催化稳定性,其优异的电催化性能归因于其自支撑纳米片阵列结构,可提供更多的活性位点。     

Ni/CrN高效电催化剂的制备及其析氢催化性能

氢能是一种具有高能量密度的清洁能源,如何有效的开发绿氢技术是当前社会首要解决的问题,而研发高效稳定的电解水产氢技术的电催化剂是一种可行性的方式,对促进氢能经济的发展具有重要的意义。通过水热-高温热解两步法合成了一种氮化铬支撑镍纳米颗粒的催化剂(Ni/CrN)。利用XRD、XPS、SEM以及TEM等测试手段对催化剂的形貌及结构进行表征,并在碱性环境下对催化剂进行电催化析氢性能的研究。结果表明,Ni/CrN形成了具有珊瑚状的微观结构,优化了电子结构,并且表现出了优异的析氢反应(HER)催化性能,在10 mA/cm²的电流密度下,Ni/CrN催化剂仅有66 mV的过电位和47 mV/dec的Tafel斜率,十分接近商业的Pt/C催化剂的析氢性能。在10 mA/cm²电流密度的循环稳定性测试中,Ni/CrN表现出比商业Pt/C电极更优越的催化稳定性。     

Pd-NPs@alkyne-PVA/GO复合材料制备及其电催化析氢性能

开发高效、稳定的电催化剂是实现电解水制氢反应(HER)的关键。成功制备以炔基化的聚乙烯醇(alkyne-PVA)改性的单层氧化石墨烯(GO)载体,以硼氢化钠为还原剂,将钯纳米颗粒(Pd-NPs)负载在碳基材料上,合成Pd-NPs@alkyne-PVA/GO复合材料。通过SEM、TEM、XRD、N₂吸附-脱附和XPS对所合成物质的形貌、结构、比表面积及孔径进行分析;采用电化学工作站测试催化剂的线性扫描伏安曲线(LSV)和Tafel 斜率,分析所合成催化剂的电催化析氢性能。结果表明Pd-NPs@alkyne-PVA/GO复合材料在酸性电解质中的电催化性能较好,其在电流密度为-10 mA·cm^-2时,过电位仅为-80 mV。     

多层级孔结构氮掺杂硫化镍的电化学制备及高效产氢研究

利用简易方法制备同时具有丰富活性位点和优异本征活性的硫化镍电催化剂以实现高效电解水产氢对于可持续的氢能经济至关重要。利用简单两步电化学沉积法在泡沫镍基底上构建出一种新型的具有多层级孔结构的氮掺杂硫化镍电催化剂(Ni-S-N/Ni/NF)。该Ni-S-N/Ni/NF催化剂不仅拥有大量活性位点并且展现出增强的本征活性，在1 mol·L^-1氢氧化钾电解液中表现出优异的析氢性能，仅需84 mV过电位即可实现10 mA·cm^-2的电流密度。该工作有望为高性能硫化镍催化剂的制备提供有益借鉴。     

电沉积镍铁锰三元纳米片在析氧反应中的性能研究

电解水制氢技术作为当下最有效的制氢技术之一,低成本、高性能的电催化剂是提高电解水效率的理想选择。本文采用了一步电沉积法在泡沫镍上制备镍、铁、锰三元纳米片(NiFeMn)作为析氧反应(OER)电催化剂。当电流密度为20mA·cm^-2时,过电位达到297mV,Tafel斜率达到了143.2mV·dec^-1,经过了12小时的I-T测试后,其电流密度为86mV·cm^-2,表明该材料具有较好的稳定性和活性。NiFeMn纳米片良好的OER性能可能是由于其高的电化学活性表面积,为OER反应提供了更多的活性位点。     

Acid and base characteristics of molybdenum carbide catalysts

The acid and base properties of a high surface area Mo₂C catalyst were characterized using the temperature programmed desorption of CO₂ and NH₃, the decomposition of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) as a test reaction and monitoring changes in the associated rates and product selectivities on the addition of acid and base site poisons. The Mo₂C catalyst was prepared using the temperature programmed reaction method and passivated prior to exposure to air. Prior to carrying out the temperature programmed desorption experiments and reaction rate measurements, the Mo₂C catalyst was reduced in H₂ at 400 °C. Results obtained for the reduced Mo₂C catalyst were compared with those for MgO, HZSM-5 and 1% Pt/SiO₂ catalysts. The study provided evidence for the presence of both acid and base sites on Mo₂C. The base and acid sites on the Mo₂C catalyst were weaker than those on the MgO and HZSM-5 catalysts, respectively. The base and acid sites were likely created as a consequence of charge transfer from molybdenum to carbon.     

一步水热法制备电解水析氧反应Ni3S2@Mo2S3高效催化剂

采用一步水热法,由泡沫钼镍合金同时提供钼源和镍源在泡沫钼镍合金表面原位制备了Ni₃S₂@Mo₂S₃,并将其直接作为自支撑电极用于催化碱性介质中的电解水析氧反应（OER）。利用多种表征测试技术研究了样品的形貌、组成、OER电催化性能,结果显示：Ni₃S₂@Mo₂S₃呈纳米板形貌,由六方Ni₃S₂和单斜Mo₂S₃按5∶1的比例复合而成;在1 mol·L^-1 KOH 溶液中,Ni₃S₂@Mo₂S₃催化剂仅需要170 mV过电位就可达到10 mA·cm^-2电流密度（欧姆补偿后）,且在50 h的稳定性测试期间性能基本无衰减,优于贵金属催化剂IrO₂以及文献报道的Ni-Mo基复合催化剂。Ni₃S₂@Mo₂S₃具有优异电催化性能的原因可归于不同过渡金属化合物的协同作用、原位生长自支撑、电化学活性面积大以及液下疏气性等因素。     

Use of unsupported and silica supported molybdenum carbide to treat chloroarene gas streams

The gas phase catalytic hydrodechlorination (HDC) of mono- and di-chlorobenzenes (423 K ≤ T ≤ 593 K) over unsupported and silica supported Mo carbide (Mo₂C) is presented as a viable means of detoxifying Cl-containing gas streams for the recovery/reuse of valuable chemical feedstock. The action of Mo₂C/SiO₂ is compared with MoO₃/SiO₂ and Ni/SiO₂ (an established HDC catalyst). The pre- and post-HDC catalyst samples have been characterized in terms of BET area, TG-MS, TPR, TEM, SEM, H₂ chemisorption/TPD and XRD analysis. Molybdenum carbide was prepared via a two step temperature programmed synthesis where MoO₃ was first subjected to a nitridation in NH₃ followed by carbidization in a CH₄/H₂ mixture to yield a face-centred cubic (-Mo₂C) structure characterized by a platelet morphology. Pseudo-first order kinetic analysis was used to obtain chlorobenzene HDC rate constants and the associated temperature dependences yielded apparent activation energies that decreased in the order MoO₃/SiO₂ (80 ± 5 kJ mol⁻¹) ≈ MoO₃ (78 ± 8 kJ mol⁻¹) > Ni/SiO₂ (62 ± 3 kJ mol⁻¹) ≈ -Mo₂C (56 ± 6 kJ mol⁻¹) ≈ -Mo₂C/SiO₂ (53 ± 3 kJ mol⁻¹). HDC activity was lower for the dechlorination of the dichlorobenzene reactants where steric hindrance influenced chloro-isomer reactivity. Supporting -Mo₂C on silica served to elevate HDC performance, but under identical reaction conditions, Ni/SiO₂ consistently delivered a higher initial HDC activity. Nevertheless, the decline in HDC performance with time-on-stream for Ni/SiO₂ was such that activity converged with that of -Mo₂C/SiO₂ after three reaction cycles. A temporal loss of HDC activity (less extreme for the carbides) was observed for each catalyst that was studied and is linked to a disruption to supply of surface active hydrogen as a result of prolonged Cl/catalyst interaction.     

Preparation and lithium storage properties of Mo2N quantum dots@nitrogen-doped graphene composite

To improve the electrochemical lithium storage performance of molybdenum nitrides, Mo₂N quantum dots@nitrogen-doped graphene oxide sponge (Mo₂N-QDs@Ngs) was prepared by hydrothermal reaction, freeze-drying and calcination in H₂/N₂ mixture with ammonium molybdate ((NH₄)Mo₇O₂₄·4H₂O), hexamethylenetetramine (C₆H₁₂N₄) and graphene oxide (GO) as raw materials. The effect of GO content on the electrochemical lithium storage performance was investigated. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) results show that the size of the prepared Mo₂N quantum dots is about 2—5 nm, and the Mo₂N quantum dots are uniformly distributed on the surface of nitrogen-doped graphene. The electrochemical test results show that when the GO content is 30%, the prepared Mo₂N-QDs@Ngs-30 has the best electrochemical lithium storage performance, which has 699 mA·h·g^-1 specific capacity at the current density of 0.1 A·g^-1, and has 286 mA·h·g^-1 specific capacity even at the current density of 2 A·g^-1.     

Mo2N量子点@N-掺杂石墨烯复合材料的制备及储锂性能

为改善钼氮化物的电化学储锂性能，以钼酸铵、六次甲基四胺及氧化石墨烯（GO）为原料，通过水热、冷冻干燥及在H₂/N₂混合气中热处理，制备了Mo₂N量子点@氮掺杂石墨烯复合材料（Mo₂N-QDs@Ngs），并探究了GO复合量对电化学储锂性能的影响。透射电子显微镜（TEM）测试结果表明：制备的Mo₂N量子点尺寸约为2~5 nm，Mo₂N量子点均匀地分布在氮掺杂石墨烯的表面。电化学测试结果表明：当GO复合量为30%时（Mo₂N-QDs@Ngs-30），制备的复合材料具有最佳的电化学储锂性能，其在0.1 A·g^-1的电流密度下具有699 mA·h·g^-1的比容量，在2 A·g^-1下仍具有286 mA·h·g^-1的比容量。     

Noble-metal-free cobalt hydroxide nanosheets for efficient electrocatalytic oxidation

Cobalt hydroxide has been emerging as a promising catalyst for the electrocatalytic oxidation reactions, including the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and glucose oxidation reaction (GOR). Herein, we prepared cobalt hydroxide nanoparticles (CoHP) and cobalt hydroxide nanosheets (CoHS) on nickel foam. In the electrocatalytic OER, CoHS shows an overpotential of 306 mV at a current density of 10 mA·cm^–2. This is enhanced as compared with that of CoHP (367 mV at 10 mA·cm^–2). In addition, CoHS also exhibits an improved performance in the electrocatalytic GOR. The improved electrocatalytic performance of CoHS could be due to the higher ability of the two-dimensional nanosheets on CoHS in electron transfer. These results are useful for fabricating efficient catalysts for electrocatalytic oxidation reactions.     

Hydrodesulfurization over supported monometallic, bimetallic and promoted carbide and nitride catalysts

The preparation of alumina-supported β-Mo₂C, MoC_1−x (x≈0.5), γ-Mo₂N, Co–Mo₂C, Ni₂Mo₃N, Co₃Mo₃N and Co₃Mo₃C catalysts is described and their hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalytic properties are compared to conventional sulfide catalysts having similar metal loadings. Alumina-supported β-Mo₂C and γ-Mo₂N catalysts (Mo₂C/Al₂O₃ and Mo₂N/Al₂O₃, respectively) are significantly more active than sulfided MoO₃/Al₂O₃ catalysts, and X-ray diffraction, pulsed chemisorption and flow reactor studies of the Mo₂C/Al₂O₃ catalysts indicate that they exhibit strong resistance to deep sulfidation. A model is presented for the active surface of Mo₂C/Al₂O₃ and Mo₂N/Al₂O₃ catalysts in which a thin layer of sulfided Mo exposing a high density of sites forms at the surface of the alumina-supported β-Mo₂C and γ-Mo₂N particles under HDS conditions. Cobalt promoted catalysts, Co–Mo₂C/Al₂O₃, have been found to be substantially more active than conventional sulfided Co–MoO₃/Al₂O₃ catalysts, while requiring less Co to achieve optimal HDS activity than is observed for the sulfide catalysts. Alumina-supported bimetallic nitride and carbide catalysts (Ni₂Mo₃N/Al₂O₃, Co₃Mo₃N/Al₂O₃, Co₃Mo₃C/Al₂O₃), while significantly more active for thiophene HDS than unpromoted Mo nitride and carbide catalysts, are less active than conventional sulfided Ni–Mo and Co–Mo catalysts prepared from the same oxidic precursors.     

Electrocatalytic reduction of NO to NH3 in ionic liquids by P-doped TiO2 nanotubes

Designing advanced and cost-effective electrocatalytic system for nitric oxide (NO) reduction reaction (NORR) is vital for sustainable NH₃ production and NO removal, yet it is a challenging task. Herein, it is shown that phosphorus (P)-doped titania (TiO₂) nanotubes can be adopted as highly efficient catalyst for NORR. The catalyst demonstrates impressive performance in ionic liquid (IL)-based electrolyte with a remarkable high Faradaic efficiency of 89% and NH₃ yield rate of 425 μg·h⁻¹·mg_cat.⁻¹, being close to the best-reported results. Noteworthy, the obtained performance metrics are significantly larger than those for N₂ reduction reaction. It also shows good durability with negligible activity decay even after 10 cycles. Theoretical simulations reveal that the introduction of P dopants tunes the electronic structure of Ti active sites, thereby enhancing the NO adsorption and facilitating the desorption of *NH₃. Moreover, the utilization of IL further suppresses the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction. This study highlights the advantage of the catalyst−electrolyte engineering strategy for producing NH₃ at a high efficiency and rate.