偏心双桨搅拌流场及效果分析

生产工艺中需要聚苯乙烯粒子在液相苯乙烯中均匀悬浮与混合,要求底部固相不堆积,固相浓度分布均匀。为了达到理想的搅拌效果,本文研究了双桨的偏心率及转速对搅拌混合效果的影响。以底部椭圆封头,无挡板的反应釜和双层6折叶的开启涡轮式搅拌器为研究对象,用Fluent软件对搅拌器偏心时水的搅拌流场及聚苯乙烯粒子-苯乙烯固液搅拌进行数值模拟。模拟了不同偏心率和转速对搅拌流型、聚苯乙烯粒子浓度分布及能耗的影响,并用粒子图像测速法(PIV)实验验证水的搅拌流场。结果表明,偏心搅拌可使流体速度得到增加,桨叶下方的搅拌死区得到有效抑制;偏心率增大导致两侧的速度偏差越来越大,能量分布不均匀;偏心搅拌的聚苯乙烯粒子浓度分布比对中搅拌的更为均匀,可改善粒子在苯乙烯中的悬浮效果;相同搅拌效果的情况下,偏心率为0.15的功率消耗是对中搅拌的85%;对该固液搅拌时的最佳偏心率和最佳转速分别为0.15和95 r/min,此时固液搅拌混合效果最好,固相浓度分布最为均匀,消耗功率相对较少。     

高固含率搅拌槽内颗粒分布及悬浮特性的数值模拟

采用Euler-Euler双流体模型对固含率9.2%(?)的高固含率悬浮搅拌槽内固液悬浮特性进行了模拟,对比了两种修正的曳力系数模型的模拟效果,考察了固含率轴向和径向分布及悬浮均匀度的变化规律.结果表明,搅拌速度低于600 r/min时,槽底会形成明显的中心密集沉积,转速从400 r/min增至1100 r/min,堆积高度由0.16减小至0,沉积区向槽底中心收缩直至消失.在离心力的作用下,循环流内的固相颗粒向远涡方向运动,循环流涡心处固含率低,悬浮均匀性降低.以无因次高度z/H=1/3为界,可将槽内两相流分为上、下循环区;颗粒分布受循环流交汇影响,固相在径向方向上随流场分散.固液悬浮均匀度?随无因次轴向高度的增加,稳定在0.5~0.7,转速从400 r/min增至1100 r/min,上循环区的?值平均降低37.2%.     

土壤修复中固液混合过程的研究及应用

以土壤修复中淋洗混合过程为研究目标,使用自有设备开展了液固混合过程实验,以混合效果和单位质量能耗为目标函数,以混合比例、搅拌桨形式、搅拌转速以及搅拌时间等操作参数为考察变量,通过设计均匀实验,并利用DPS软件对实验结果进行数据处理,并经过实验验证,得到最优固液混合操作条件为搅拌桨类型为铲式,液固混合质量比为0.5,搅拌速度为70 r/min,搅拌时间为10 min,得到的平均混合度为0.94,单位质量物系功耗为12.1 kg/kJ。     

电子封装复合材料的制备工艺研究

本文采用粉末冶金真空烧结法制取SiCp/Al复合材料,在自行设计的真空烧结炉中分别用固相烧结和液相烧结的方法在真空气氛下烧结出SiCp/Al复合材料。从其金相图像分析,SiC颗粒分布比较均匀,没有颗粒脱落现象。     

固液两相混合方法及其均匀性检测技术

固液混合技术是广泛应用于工农业生产中固体分散、溶解和浸出、结晶和沉淀、固体催化反应以及粉剂农药混合等领域的一种重要操作技术。固液两相混合的均匀性对产品的生产或应用有着重要的影响。因此本文综述了固液两相混合技术的研究现状。首先介绍了固体颗粒在液相中的分散机理,讨论了常见的两大类固液两相混合方法,即化学分散法与物理分散法。其中化学分散法包括添加表面活性剂与偶联剂以及进行电化学改性;物理分散法包括使用搅拌釜、撞击流混合器、射流混合器、静态混合器、动态混合器进行的机械混合以及超声分散和通过静电分散进行的预分散。同时介绍了部分具有代表性的固液两相分散混合均匀性的检测方法,如探针、图像分析处理、超声衰减、动态光散射、电阻层析成像等。最后在分析现有问题的基础上对固液两相混合技术未来在多元化、智能化方向上的发展进行了展望。     

AZ61和AZ91镁合金在不同浓度NaCl溶液中的腐蚀特性

采用失重法和扫描电镜法研究了AZ61与AZ91镁合金在不同浓度Na Cl溶液中的腐蚀特性,Na Cl溶液的浓度分别为0.001,0.01,0.1,0.2和0.3mol/L。实验结果表明,在Na Cl溶液的浸泡实验中,在相同的浸泡时间(5d)下,Na Cl溶液浓度增大,AZ61和AZ91镁合金的腐蚀速率增大,腐蚀程度增强,抗腐蚀性减弱。在相同浓度的Na Cl溶液中浸泡相同时间(5d)的情况下,AZ61镁合金的抗腐蚀性较好,AZ91镁合金较差。     

装配式建筑用镁基复合材料的制备及性能研究

针对现有装配式建筑用镁基复合材料制备工艺复杂、成本高且难以实现的问题,使用V型混粉方式结合触变注射成形法制备石墨烯纳米片（GNPs）增强镁基复合材料。首先利用V型混合机将GNPs和AZ91D颗粒进行充分混合,然后采用触变注射成形法制备GNPs/AZ91D镁基复合材料,最后研究了制备的GNPs结合AZ91D镁合金的性能。实验结果表明,随着GNPs掺量的增加,复合材料在各个性能指标上都有很大提升,但当GNPs掺量超过0.6%时,复合材料力学性能下降。由此得出在本触变注射成形工艺中,GNPs的最佳添加量为0.6%。     

搅拌罐内固液两相流数值模拟研究现状

搅拌罐作为一种搅拌混合设备广泛应用于石油、化工、生物、造纸等行业,搅拌的类型可以是固液、液液、气液等多相流动问题,在石化行业中,固液搅拌比较常见。本文综述了搅拌罐内固液两相流数值模拟的方法,从固体颗粒浓度、搅拌功率、搅拌时间三个方面概述了国内外搅拌罐固液两相流数值模拟的研究现状,为搅拌罐的结构优化和工况优化提供了理论支撑。     

SiCp/Al复合材料的自发熔渗机理

以Mg为助渗剂,采用液态铝自发熔渗经氧化处理的SiC粉体压坯的方法,制备出高增强体含量的SiCp/Al复合材料.通过考察铝液在SiC粉体压坯中的渗入高度与温度、时间的关系来研究铝液的熔渗机理,并对SiCp/Al复合材料进行X射线衍射、能量散射谱和金相分析.结果表明:在熔渗前沿发生的液-固界面化学反应促进两相润湿,毛细管力导致铝液自发渗入到SiC多孔陶瓷中;熔渗高度与时间呈抛物线关系.熔渗激活能为166 kJ/mol,这表明渗透过程受界面反应控制.经氧化处理的SiC粉体均匀地分布在金属基体中,其轮廓清晰.在SiCp/Al复合材料中未发现Al4C3的存在.     

汽车用AZ91镁合金的表面激光改性研究

为了解决压铸AZ91镁合金耐蚀和耐磨性能较差的问题,采用激光熔覆的方法在汽车用压铸AZ91镁合金表面制备了激光熔覆层,研究了激光功率和激光扫描速度对熔覆层成型、截面和表面形貌、物相组成、耐蚀和耐磨性能的影响。结果表明,过小/过大激光功率或者过大扫描速度会使得熔覆层中产生气孔、熔坑等缺陷;不同激光功率和扫描速度下,熔覆层与AZ91镁合金基体结合良好,AZ91镁合金表面激光熔覆层都主要由α-Mg、Mg₁₇Al₁₂、AlCu₄、Al₄MgY和MgAl相组成;随着激光功率增加,熔覆层表面晶界间距离和晶粒尺寸增大,熔覆层平均维氏硬度会逐渐减小;随着激光扫描速度增加,熔覆层厚度和熔覆层晶粒尺寸逐渐减小。激光熔覆层的耐蚀性和耐磨性都优于AZ91镁合金基体,Al-Cu/Y₂O₃熔覆层适宜的激光熔覆工艺为：激光功率1100 W、扫描速度500 mm/min,此时激光熔覆层与基体结合良好,熔覆层致密、晶粒细小、硬度较高,具有良好的耐蚀性和耐磨性。     

SiC particle reinforced Al matrix composites brazed on aluminum body for lightweight wear resistant brakes

Aluminum alloys are well known light-weight alloys and very interesting materials to optimize the strength/weight ratio in order to reduce automotive vehicle weight, fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions; unfortunately, they are also relatively soft and therefore cannot be used for high wear applications.The aim of this work was to develop an aluminum alloy brake disc with wear-resistant SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites (SiC/Al) joined on to its surface.Different approaches based on brazing or shrink fitting joining technologies were used to join SiC/Al to the aluminum alloy surface.A functional graded structure was built by brazing thin layers of aluminum matrix composites reinforced with progressively higher amount of SiC particles by using a Zn–Al based alloy as joining material. Several samples were prepared by shrink fitting and brazing: 40 mm x 40 mm x 10 mm samples and a 100 mm diameter brake disc with 68% SiC particle reinforced Al matrix surface and aluminum alloy A365 body. Tribological tests demonstrated that an aluminum alloy brake disc with wear-resistant SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites (SiC/Al) brazed on its surface is a promising technical opportunity.     

温度及表面金属化对铝基复合材料与可伐合金真空钎焊的影响

采用Al63-Cu22-Ti5-Si10钎料,研究了55%SiCp/6063Al复合材料和可伐合金之间的真空钎焊工艺,分析了钎焊温度和复合材料表面镀层材料对接头抗剪强度和显微硬度的影响规律,并对接头的显微组织进行了研究。结果表明钎焊温度和复合材料表面镀层对接头的力学性能影响很大,在同样的焊接参数下,复合材料表面镀铜的试样,其抗剪强度要高于无镀层和镀镍的试样,镀铜试样的最高抗剪强度为92.8 MPa。当钎焊温度从560℃增加到580℃时,接头的抗剪强度逐渐降低再上升,经过不同表面处理的试样均在钎焊温度为560℃时达到最大抗剪强度。钎焊温度相同时,镀铜试样的显微硬度均最高,而镀镍试样的显微硬度最低。焊缝组织致密,没有出现孔洞和未润湿等钎焊缺陷,钎焊完成后,接头中镀层被钎料取代而消失。在保温时间为30 min、真空度6.5×10-3 Pa条件下,采用Al63-Cu22-Ti5-Si10钎料,55%SiCp/6063Al复合材料与可伐合金真空钎焊合理钎焊温度为560℃,合理镀层为镀铜。     

AZ91D镁合金表面不同树脂体系富镁涂层的保护性能

采用划叉浸泡实验,电化学交流阻抗(electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,EIS),开路电位(open circuit potential,OCP)及动电位扫描研究了不同类型的环氧树脂对于AZ91D镁合金的表面的富镁涂层的保护性能的影响。结果表明环氧618-593构成的富镁涂层防护性能较差;环氧6101-TY650制备的富镁涂层可明显改善涂层对破损处镁合金基体的保护作用,但涂层本身长期防护性能较差;环氧618-T31构成的富镁涂层对AZ91D镁合金的防护作用较强,适宜制备镁合金表面的富镁涂层。3种环氧涂料中加入镁粉颗粒制备的富镁涂层均可对缺陷处裸露的AZ91D镁合金基体提供保护,从而延长漆膜的破坏时间。涂层中的镁粉颗粒被激活后,为镁合金的基体提供了一定程度的阴极保护作用,减缓了镁合金基体的腐蚀。     

Toughening of Silicon Nitride Matrix Composites by the Addition of Both Silicon Carbide Whiskers and Silicon Carbide Particles

Si₃N₄ matrix composites reinforced by SiC whiskers, SiC particles, or both were fabricated using the hot-pressing technique. The mechanical properties of the composites containing various amounts of these SiC reinforcing materials and different sizes of SiC particles were investigated. Fracture toughness of the composites was significantly improved by introducing SiC whiskers and particles together, compared with that obtained by adding SiC whiskers or SiC particles alone. On increasing the size of the added SiC particles, the fracture toughness of the composites reinforced by both whiskers and particles was increased. Their fracture toughness also showed a strong dependence on the amount of SiC particles (average size 40 μm) and was a maximum at the particle content of 10 vol%. The maximum fracture toughness of these composites was 10.5 MPa·m^1/2 and the flexural strength was 550 MPa after addition of 20 vol% of SiC whiskers and 10 vol% of SiC particles having an average particle size of 40 μm. These mechanical properties were almost constant from room temperature to temperatures around 1000°C. Fracture surface observations revealed that the reinforcing mechanisms acting in these composites were crack deflection and crack branching by SiC particles and pullout of SiC whiskers.     

镁合金直接化学镀Ni-P合金工艺

研究了镁合金经酸洗直接进行化学镀Ni-P合金工艺。用金相显微镜及扫描电子显微镜观察了镁合金表面经不同时间酸洗后的表面形貌及对镀层质量的影响。分析了镀液pH、温度对镀速的影响,并测试了镀层的表面形貌和耐蚀性。当酸洗时间为25 s时,所得到的镀层均匀致密,结合力好,耐蚀性能大大提高。     

镁合金化学复合镀Ni-P/纳米SiC工艺的研究

在AZ 91D镁合金表面制备Ni-P/纳米SiC化学复合镀层.探讨镀液中纳米SiC微粒的质量浓度对镀速、复合镀层性能等的影响.利用扫描电镜观察镀层表面形貌,采用能谱分析仪进行镀层表面成分的定性分析,采用显微硬度计测试镀层硬度,并对不同工艺下获得的镀层进行快速磨损实验.结果表明:镀液中添加适量的纳米SiC微粒,镀速和镀层硬度都有显著的提高.当镀液中纳米SiC的质量浓度为9 g/L时,镀速可达到25.6 μm/h;当镀液中纳米SiC的质量浓度为7 g/L时,镀层的维氏硬度可达到9 380 MPa;同时镀层的耐磨性能相比于Ni-P合金镀层的也有显著提高.     

Material deformation and removal mechanism of SiCp/Al composites in ultrasonic vibration assisted scratch test

The material removal process of SiCp/Al composites is a result of synergetic deformation and interaction among Al matrix, SiC particles and interface. The non-homogeneity of microscopic mechanical properties due to the inherent polyphase heterogeneity of SiCp/Al composites will directly affect the removal mechanism and surface integrity in the machining process. This paper aims to gain further insight of the material deformation and removal mechanism of SiCp/Al composites in ultrasonic vibration assisted machining process. The elastic modulus and hardness of SiCp/Al composites were determined through the indentation test by loading on Al matrix and SiC particles, respectively. Due to the interaction effects of the three phases during the deformation process, when the indenter is on a single phase, the influence of the other phases cannot be neglected and is reflected in the P-h curves. Scratch force, friction coefficient and material removal behavior were investigated in traditional scratch (TS) and ultrasonic vibration assisted scratch (US) tests. In most cases, with the assistance of ultrasonic vibration, scratch force and friction coefficient in US process are smaller than those in TS process, and the reduction of them is modeled and analyzed. The material removal behavior of SiCp/Al composites is similar to metal at the macroscale, and a high material removal rate is achieved in US process. SiC particles tend to maintain the structural integrity rather than be fractured or pulled out in US process. The scratched surface in TS process is damaged to a greater degree than that subjected to US process.     

Abrasive Wear Characteristics of Silicon Carbide Particle Reinforced Zinc Based Composite

Herein, abrasive wear characteristics of SiCp dispersed zinc-aluminum based composites have been analyzed under high-stress condition. The wear tests were conducted on a Pin-on-Disc machine at a constant linear velocity of 1.57 m/s in the applied load range of 1-7 N while the abrasive platform used is 600 grit emery paper. A matrix alloy was also characterized under identical conditions to assess the influence of the dispersoid (SiC) particle on the wear behaviour. Wear rate, frictional heating and friction coefficient are the focused parameters of the study. The base alloy used has a dendrite structure comprising of α-dendrites surrounded by an α + η eutectoid and metastable ε phase in interdendritic regions. The composite shows similar features to those of the base alloy except the additional presence of the reinforcing SiC particles. The wear rate and friction coefficient decrease with increase in abrading distance while a reverse trend was observed in the case of frictional heating which gradually increases with the increase in abrading distance. Incorporation of SiC particles improves the wear resistance of the matrix alloy and increasing the percentage of SiC increases the frictional heating and reduces the friction coefficient of the test material. The wear mechanism has been understood through SEM examination of wear surface, subsurface, debris particles and degraded abrasive grit papers.     

低体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料封装盒体搅拌摩擦焊研究

碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料具有优异的性能,在许多领域都备受青睐,然而焊接性较差,成为制约其广泛应用的瓶颈难题.本文采用搅拌摩擦焊的方法,实现了低体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料封装盒体的连接.试验中采用圆锥形WC-Co合金搅拌头,搅拌头轴肩直径为10 mm,锥头直径3 mm,锥尾直径5 mm,搅拌针高度2.5 mm,采用下压力控制方式,焊接工艺参数为:下压力控制在2 kN,搅拌头倾角为3°,搅拌头转速为1500 RPM,焊接速度保持在120 mm/min,下压深度为2.55 mm,能够获得表面及内部质量良好的焊接接头.经过搅拌摩擦焊后,搅拌区的碳化硅颗粒尺寸更加细小,分布也更加均匀,搅拌区中没有出现孔洞、沟槽等搅拌摩擦焊常见缺陷.热机影响区内部分布着大量严重变形的结构,这主要是由于母材组织被拉长后伴随着塑性流动而产生的较大变形.母材区的平均硬度值最高,为61.9 HV3,搅拌区的平均硬度为58.3 HV3,热机影响区的平均硬度最低,为55.4 HV3.