基于三点分段的三角多项式样条曲线

给出了m(m=1,2,3)次三角多项式样条曲线。与二次B样条曲线类似,曲线的每一段由相继的3 个控制顶点生成;对于等距节点,一次三角多项式样条曲线是C1连续、二次三角多项式样条曲线是G2连续、三次三角多项式样条曲线是C3连续,且讨论了3 种曲线对控制多边形的逼近及与二次B样条曲线的对比。还给出了一次三角多项式样条曲线表示椭圆和整圆的方法。通过加权混合可得到一类三角多项式样条曲线,曲线的形状随着次数m和形状参数λ的变化而改变。     

两种带形状参数的三角曲线

定义了带形状参数的三次三角多项式曲线和三次三角样条曲线。前者具有与二次Bézier曲线类似的端点性质,但逼近性比二次Bézier曲线更好,且在拼接时能达到更高阶的连续性。而后者与二次B样条曲线类似,其每一段由相继的三个控制顶点生成。对于等距节点,在一般情况下曲线C2连续,在特殊条件下可达C3连续。     

局部构造C2连续的三次B样条插值曲线和双三次插值曲面

为了避免一般的局部插值算法生成的B样条曲线和曲面在段点处达不到理想的连续性以及出现多重内节点的问题,一种局部构造C2连续的三次B样条插值曲线和双三次插值曲面的方法被介绍。该方法借助节点插入算法逐步地迭代出样条控制顶点,其思想简单、几何直观、算法速度快,在曲线中夹直线段、尖点以及在曲面中夹棱边和平面都能比较容易实现。生成的曲线光滑度高、无重节点。文章最后还利用这种构造方法给出了一种在指定范围内按规定变形曲线的方法。     

带形状参数的二次三角Bézier曲线

给出了二次三角多项式Bézier曲线,基函数由一组带形状参数的二次三角多项式组成.由四个控制顶点生成的曲线具有与三次Bézier曲线类似的性质,但具有比三次Bézier曲线更好的逼近性.形状参数有明确几何意义:参数越大,曲线越逼近控制多边形.曲线可精确表示椭圆弧,还给出了两段三角多项式曲线的G2和C3连续的拼接条件.     

五阶与六阶三角样条曲线

利用三角函数构造了两个含参数的函数组,它们分别由6个、7个函数组成,分析了这两个函数组的性质.由这两组函数定义了两种新的样条曲线,它们分别具有与五次、六次B样条曲线相同的结构.新曲线在继承B样条曲线基本性质的同时,又具备了一些新的优点.例如,在等距节点下,新曲线在节点处均可以达到C5连续,而且在不改变控制顶点的情况下,新曲线的形状均可以通过改变形状参数的值进行调整.另外,给出了使新曲线插值于控制多边形首末端点的方法,以及构造闭曲线的方法等,文中的图例说明了新方法的正确性和可行性.     

平面G2组合三次α-Bézier曲线的几何构造

对三次曲线的几何连续拼接问题做了研究.给出了构造平面G2组合三次α-Bézier曲线的几何算法.这个算法,可以对给定的一组平面控制顶点,方便地构造一条G2三次α-Bézier样条曲线.这种样条保留了B样条、β样条的性质,优点在于保持曲线G2连续,同时通过选取不同的混合因子和形状因子,局部调整曲线的形状,以满足不同的设计要求.     

均匀B样条曲线的高效细分公式

主要研究在n次均匀B样条初始节点序列中每两个节点间一次性地均匀插入m-1个新节点的算法,导出了原始n次均匀B样条基函数与插入新节点后的基函数之间的明确关系式,进一步得到了原始B样条曲线的新旧控制顶点之间的明确关系式.该结果几何直观性强,新旧控制顶点对应明确,丰富了绘制均匀B样条曲线的方法.     

基于细分模式与能量优化的曲面混合方法

论述了用Catmull-Clark细分曲面及能量优化法对多张三次B样条曲面进行混合的方法。首先引入一种边界拓扑修改的细分规则，可生成逐段光滑的细分曲面，在此基础上构造多张三次B样条曲面的混合曲面，采用能量优化方法求解控制顶点。与现有方法相比，构造的混合曲面形状易于控制，能满足复杂的边界要求，且整个混合曲面除了在有限奇异点处为C^1连续外均达到C^2连续。     

有理二次B样条曲线的交比性质

对于具有相同控制顶点的两条有理二次Ｂ样条曲线,给出了如下的四个共线点的交比：控制顶点,源于此顶点的射线分别与该段曲线的交点,与该段曲线始,终点连线的交点,及与相邻两控制顶点连线的交点,揭示了此交比仅与过此顶点的射线位置有关,而与该控制顶点的权因子无关,还给出了此交比在如下意义下为射影不变量的充要条件－该段上具有相同控制顶点的两条有理二次Ｂ样条曲线之间的射影变换。     

一类带两个形状参数的类四次三角Bézier曲线

给出了带两个形状参数λ1,λ2的类四次三角多项式Bézier曲线。该曲线不仅具有与四次Bézier曲线类似的性质,而且无需有理形式即可精确表示圆、椭圆、抛物线等二次曲线弧以及高精度近似表示圆柱螺线等超越曲线。利用两个参数的不同取值能够局部或整体调控曲线的形状,并且可以从两侧逼近控制多边形。讨论了两段曲线G2和C4连续的拼接条件。实例表明,该曲线在造型设计方面具有较高的应用价值。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.