表达重组谷氨酸脱羧酶工程菌发酵条件的优化

目的对表达谷氨酸脱羧酶(Glutamate decarboxylase,EC4.1.1.15,简称GAD或GDC)的重组大肠杆菌的发酵条件进行优化。方法通过单因素试验优化表达GAD的重组大肠杆菌B3C1的诱导剂IPTG添加时间、IPTG浓度、诱导时间、诱导温度,再经响应面分析法优化工程菌的发酵条件(氯化钠、胰化蛋白胨、酵母粉、摇床转速、初始pH值、培养时间、接种量、装液量)。结果工程菌的最佳诱导条件为:IPTG添加时间为工程菌接种后4 h,IPTG浓度为0.8 mmol/L,诱导时间为4 h,诱导温度为35℃;工程菌的最佳发酵条件为:酵母粉1.01%,氯化钠0.6%,胰化蛋白胨1.5%,培养时间11.25 h,摇床转速250 r/min,初始pH值6.5,接种量3.0%,装液量11.70 ml。工程菌在该条件下发酵培养,GAD酶活达1 227.33 U,比优化前提高了12.29%。结论已成功对表达GAD的重组大肠杆菌的发酵条件进行了优化,为其工业化生产奠定了基础。     

赖氨酸脱羧酶发酵工艺及酶学性质

考察了蜂房哈夫尼菌(H.alveiAS1.1009)的L-赖氨酸脱羧酶对L-赖氨酸的脱羧作用,分析了培养基、温度、pH、激活剂等因素对酶活力的影响。实验结果表明,最适培养基成分为:ρ(蔗糖)=20 g/L、ρ(玉米浆)=20g/L、ρ(酵母膏)=5 g/L、ρ(牛肉膏)=3 g/L、ρ(蛋白胨)=10 g/L、ρ(氯化钠)=5 g/L、ρ(硫酸铵)=2 g/L、ρ(维生素B6)=5 g/L和ρ(L-赖氨酸)=5 g/L,100 mL发酵液中接种量为5 mL液体菌种。最佳转化工艺条件为:转化体系温度35℃、pH=5.0,ρ(菌体)=10 g/L,ρ(吐温-80)=0.15 g/L。L-赖氨酸脱羧酶在最适发酵和转化条件下比酶活可达7 984.43 U,底物转化率可达70%。     

重组表达天冬氨酸-β-脱羧酶及其酶学性质

利用p ETDuet-1为载体在宿主细胞E.coli BL21(DE3)中重组表达了粪产碱菌(Alcaligenes faecalis)来源的天冬氨酸-β-脱羧酶(Asd),研究了其酶学性质,考察了p H、p H稳定性、温度、热稳定性、底物浓度对酶活的影响。结果表明,天冬氨酸-β-脱羧酶重组表达成功;最适反应温度和p H分别为45℃和6.0;动力学常数Km和Vmax分别为0.72 mmol/L和10.52 mol/(L·min·g)。0.1 g菌体细胞在10 m L 0.2 mol/L磷酸缓冲溶液中催化2.0 g L-天冬氨酸,40℃,p H=6.0反应15 h,L-天冬氨酸的摩尔转化率达到98.6%。     

重组酪氨酸脱羧酶酶学性质

酪氨酸脱羧酶能以L-酪氨酸为底物脱羧生成酪胺。该文利用pET28a为载体在宿主细胞E.coli BL21(DE3)中重组表达了短乳杆菌来源的酪氨酸脱羧酶,并研究了其酶学性质,考察了起始pH、温度、辅酶、底物浓度等因素对酶活的影响。结果表明,酪氨酸脱羧酶重组表达成功,酶促反应工艺为:在1 mL转化液中含有0.18 g L-酪氨酸,0.02 g湿菌体,0.2 mol/L的醋酸缓冲溶液和0.2 mmol/L的5'-磷酸吡哆醛,40℃,pH=5.5,反应7 h,L-酪氨酸的摩尔转化率达到99%。酪氨酸脱羧酶酶活为29.2 U/g,Km值和Vmax为0.71 mmol/L和9.31mol/(L·min·g)。     

牛奶中分离的乳酸菌CGMCC1306中谷氨酸脱羧酶的分离纯化及酶学性质研究

A Lactobacillus brevis CGMCC 1306 isolated from fresh milk without pasteurization was found to have higher glutamate decarboxylase （GAD） activity. An effective isolation and purification procedure of GAD from a cell-free extract of Lactobacillus brevis was developed, and the procedure included four steps： 30%-90% saturation （NH4）2SO4 fractional precipitation, Q sepharose FF anion-exchange chromatography, sephacryl S-200 gel filtration, and resource Q anion-exchange chromatography. Using this protocol, the purified GAD was demonstrated to possess electrophoretic homogeneity via SDS-PAGE. The purification fold and activity recovery of GAD were 43.78 and 16.95%, respectively. The molecular weight of the purified GAD was estimated to be approximately 62 kDa via SDS-PAGE. The optimum pH and temperature of the purified GAD were 4.4 and 37℃, respectively. The purified GAD had a half-life of 50rain at 45℃ and the Km value of the enzyme from Lineweaver-Burk plot was found to be 8.22.5＇-pyridoxal phosphate （PLP） had little effect on the regulation of its activity.     

有机溶剂透性化处理谷氨酸脱羧酶工程菌制备γ-氨基丁酸的研究

为了降低细胞壁和细胞膜的传质阻力对全细胞催化过程的不利影响,采用有机溶剂对表达重组谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD)的工程菌BL21(DE3)-p ET28a-gad B进行了透性化处理。结果表明,菌体GAD表观催化活力的改善程度与有机溶剂的介电系数和疏水性具有较强相关性,低介电常数(6),高疏水性(log P0.68)的有机溶剂可以有效提高工程菌的GAD催化活性,其中最有效的透性化试剂为二甲苯(介电常数为2.4,log P为3.1)。当二甲苯的用量为5μL?mg?1(干重细胞)、处理时间5 min时,菌体表观催化活力达到最优值,为7.94 U?mg?1(干重细胞),是处理前表观催化活力的12.4倍。为了充分利用菌体的催化活力,采用海藻酸钙包埋的方法对二甲苯处理过的菌体进行固定化,结果发现固定化的透性化菌体可以较好地保持催化活力,反复催化10次后发现,第10次的GABA产率为第1次GABA产率的72.04%。研究为系统的选择有机溶剂来有效提高GAD工程菌表观催化活性提供了参考,同时制备的固定化的透性化菌体显示了良好工业应用前景。     

-木糖苷酶的分离纯化、酶学性质及水解机理研究

通过硫酸铵沉淀、超滤脱盐、离子交换层析、凝胶过滤层析等手段,从里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)Rut C-30木聚糖酶粗酶液中分离纯化得到分子质量110.8 ku、比活力为61.99 IU/mg的电泳纯β-木糖苷酶。酶学性质研究结果表明:该酶反应以温度60 ℃、pH值3.5为宜,在60 ℃以下、pH值3.0～8.0酶活性稳定,且该酶作用于对硝基苯基-β-D-木糖苷的K_m值和V_max值分别为0.29 μmol/mL和169.99 IU/mg。酶水解机理研究结果表明,该酶从低聚木糖的非还原性末端切断β-1,4-糖苷键释放出木糖,其最适作用底物是短链的低聚木糖,随着低聚木糖碳链的增长,酶作用效率逐渐下降,而对木聚糖几乎不降解。     

一种新的氨基葡萄糖苷酶检测底物的合成

首次合成了N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶检测底物-2-氯-4-乙酰基苯基-N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷(CAP-NAG),并对其合成方法进行了研究,最终找到一种操作简便,成本较低,收率较高的合成方法.合成方法如下:以2-氯-4-乙酰基苯酚和氯代乙酰氨基葡萄糖为原料,在丙酮-无水碳酸钾体系中进行缩合反应,得到固体粗品...     

碳源对假单胞菌NX-1产生L-天冬氨酸β-脱羧酶的影响

比较了假单胞菌 NX- 1在各种糖类物质、有机酸和氨基酸培养基上生长和合成 L -天冬氨酸β-脱羧酶(ADL )的情况 ,结果表明用不同的碳源培养基 ,NX- 1的生长和产酶表现出明显的差异。 NX- 1能利用糖类物质生长 ,但 ADL合成受阻遏。三羧酸循环中间体是 ADL合成的良好的碳源 ,谷氨酸是 ADL酶合成最好的诱导剂 ,其诱导合成的 ADL是富马酸为碳源时的 2倍。对 L -谷氨酸 (L - Glu)刺激 ADL酶生成的机理进行初步分析 ,认为 L - Glu通过自身 (而不是由 L - Glu衍生出的任何代谢物 )和 ADL合成的有关基因作用强烈诱导 ADL合成     

酶法制备D-谷氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸的工艺研究

考察了大肠杆菌AS1．505的L-谷氨酸脱羧酶对L-谷氨酸的专一脱羧作用,分析了转化体系温度、pH值等因素对L-谷氨酸脱羧酶活力的影响。实验结果表明最佳工艺为：温度37℃,转化体系pH值4．8,茵体浓度6g／L,吐温-800．15g／l,菌龄14h,底物浓度50g／L。L-谷氨酸脱羧酶在最适转化条件下比酶活可以达到15036U。1g湿菌体可重复使用3次共转化DL-谷氨酸25g,其中L-谷氨酸可以完全转化为γ-氨基丁酸。D-谷氨酸及γ-氨基丁酸的总收率可以分别达到理论收率的87％和85％。     

饱和定点突变拓宽谷氨酸脱羧酶催化pH范围的研究

谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD)是生物法制备γ-氨基丁酸GABA以及一些含氮化合物的关键酶,其催化活力受p H值调控。研究GAD的pH值调控性质具有重要的理论和应用价值。研究通过氨基酸序列比对,发现了一个影响GAD 1407催化p H特性的关键位点:S307。通过对这个位点进行饱和突变,构建突变文库,从中筛选出催化pH范围拓宽的突变酶S307N,并对该突变酶的酶学性质进行了研究。为了解GAD 1407结构与功能之间的相互关系提供了一定的依据。     

Design of a Full-Consensus Glutamate Decarboxylase and Its Application to GABA Biosynthesis

Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) catalyses the decarboxylation of L-glutamate to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Improvement of the enzymatic properties of GAD is important for the low-cost synthesis of GABA. In this study, utilizing sequences of enzymes homologous with GAD from lactic acid bacteria, highly mutated GADs were designed using sequence-based protein design methods. Two mutated GADs, FcGAD and AncGAD, generated by full-consensus design and ancestral sequence reconstruction, had more desirable properties than native GADs. With respect to thermal stability, the half-life of the designed GADs was about 10 °C higher than that of native GAD. The productivity of FcGAD was considerably higher than those of known GADs; more than 250 mg/L of purified enzyme could be produced in the E. coli expression system. In a production test using 26.4 g of l -glutamate and 3.0 g of resting cells, 17.2 g of GABA could be prepared within one hour, without purification, in a one-pot synthesis.     

用固定化L-赖氨酸脱羧酶细胞制备1,5-戊二胺

研究了4种固定化蜂房哈夫尼菌(H.alveiAS1.1009)菌体细胞的材料和方法,包括海藻酸钙包埋法、半透膜透析袋法、海藻酸钙-明胶交联包埋法和明胶包埋法。其中海藻酸钙包埋法稳定性最好,该方法最优转化条件为:在ρ(海藻酸钠)=30g/L的水溶液中,最适菌体质量浓度为ρ(菌体)=30.8g/L,100mL转化液中海藻酸钙球体体积为30mL,转化最适温度为37℃,最适pH=5.0。用该方法转化测得比酶活可达1028.9U。重复性佳:第一批固定化细胞酶活可达游离菌体的98.62%,第四批可达第一批酶活的38.68%。     

Overexpression of Glutamate Decarboxylase in Transgenic Tobacco Plants Deters Feeding by Phytophagous Insect Larvae

Gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) is a ubiquitous four-carbon, non-protein amino acid synthesized by glutamate decarboxylase. Previous research suggests that the endogenous synthesis of GABA, a naturally occurring inhibitory neurotransmitter at neuromuscular junctions, serves as a plant resistance mechanism against invertebrate pests. In this study, two homozygous transgenic tobacco lines constitutively overexpressing a single copy of a full-length chimeric glutamate decarboxylase cDNA and possessing enhanced capacity for GABA accumulation (GAD plants), a homozygous transgenic line lacking the gene insert, and wild-type tobacco were employed. Tobacco budworm larvae were presented with plantattached wild type and transgenic leaves for 4 hr in a feeding preference study. Larvae consumed six to twelve times more leaf tissue from wild-type plants than from GAD plants. These results suggest that leaf GABA accumulation, which is known to occur in response to insect larval walking and feeding, represents a rapidly deployed localresistance mechanism.     

Peptide Antibody Reactivity to Homologous Regions in Glutamate Decarboxylase Isoforms and Coxsackievirus B4 P2C

Two isoforms of the glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) enzyme exist, GAD65 and GAD67, which are associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and stiff-person syndrome (SPS), respectively. Interestingly, it has been reported that T1D patients seldom develop SPS, whereas patients with SPS occasionally develop T1D. In addition, coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) has previously been proposed to be involved in the onset of T1D through molecular mimicry. On this basis, we aimed to examine antibody cross-reactivity between a specific region of GAD65 and GAD67, which has high sequence homology to the nonstructural P2C protein of CVB4 to determine potential correlations at antibody level. Monoclonal peptide antibodies generated in mice specific for a region with high similarity in all three proteins were screened for reactivity along with human sera in immunoassays. In total, six antibodies were generated. Two of the antibodies reacted to both GAD isoforms. However, none of the antibodies were cross-reactive to CVB, suggesting that antibody cross-reactivity between GAD65 and CVB, and GAD67 and CVB may not contribute to the onset of T1D and SPS, respectively.     

高延性混凝土弯曲性能的尺寸效应

为了研究高延性混凝土尺寸变化对其弯曲性能的影响,测试了不同尺寸高延性混凝土试件的弯曲强度和弯曲韧性,采用统计学理论对试验结果进行了分析.结果表明:聚乙烯醇纤维增韧高延性混凝土极限弯曲强度及等效弯曲韧性指数都存在显著的尺寸效应,在相同龄期时,等效弯曲韧性指数的尺寸效应更为显著;随着养护龄期的增加,聚乙烯醇纤维增韧高延性混凝土极限弯曲强度和等效弯曲韧性指数的尺寸效应度增大.Ryan-Joiner正态性检验表明,聚乙烯醇纤维增韧高延性混凝土极限弯曲强度及等效弯曲韧性指数均服从正态分布,且随试件尺寸的增大,两者的变异系数均增大,说明聚乙烯醇纤维增韧高延性混凝土极限弯曲强度及等效弯曲韧性指数的尺寸效应符合Weibull尺寸效应统计理论的规律.     

工程水泥基复合材料动态力学性能及抗爆抗冲击能力研究进展

工程水泥基复合材料(ECC)是一种基于微观力学设计的新型纤维增强水泥基材料,它通过连续稳态开裂过程表现出超高延性和韧性,从而克服了普通水泥基材料抗拉能力弱、易开裂的缺点.本文综述了ECC设计机理、动态力学性能及其在抗爆抗冲击方面的研究现状,分析了材料组分设计、高应变率和高温环境对ECC性能的影响,对ECC材料在抗爆抗冲...     

絮凝菌MBF03发酵条件的优化

以絮凝菌MBF03为材料,探讨了碳源、氮源、初始pH值、培养时间、接种量和金属离子对絮凝剂的产生及絮凝效果的影响,并对其絮凝活性分布进行了分析.结果表明:絮凝菌MBF03的最适碳源为葡萄糖、最适氮源为硝酸铵、最适初始pH值为6、最适接种量为4％;培养24 h时MBF03菌达生长平台期,培养48 h时絮凝活性达到最大值,二者存在时间延迟;Ca2+的助凝效果明显优于Mg2+;絮凝活性成分主要分布在发酵上清液中.