Analysis of elliptical and circular microstrip antennas using moment method

A method of calculating the input impedance of either a circular or a slightly ellipitcal microstrip antenna excited by a coaxial probe is presented. Using the reaction integral equation and the exact dyadic Green's function, the finite substrate thickness is taken into account in the formulation. Good agreement with experimental results for an elliptical patch is obtained and a design procedure for a circularly polarized antenna is presented.     

Input impedance of a probe-fed stacked circular microstrip antenna

The input impedance of a microstrip antenna consisting of two circular microstrip disks in a stacked configuration driven by a coaxial probe is investigated. A rigorous analysis is performed using a dyadic Green's function formulation whereby the mixed boundary value problem is reduced to a set of coupled vector integral equations using the vector Hankel transform. Galerkin's method is used in the spectral domain, using two sets of disk current expansions. One set is based on the complete set of orthogonal modes of the magnetic cavity, and the other uses Chebyshev polynomials with the proper edge condition for the disk currents. An additional term is added to the disk current expansion to model the current properly in the vicinity of the probe/disk junction. The input impedance of the antenna, including the probe self-impedance, is calculated as a function of the layered parameters and the ratio of the two disk radii. Disk current distributions and radiation patterns are presented. The calculated results are shown to be in good agreement with experimental data     

AN ANALYSIS ON INPUT IMPEDANCE OF A SINGLE MICROSTRIP PATCH IN THE QUASI-OPTICAL CAVITY

The electromagnetic field integral equation in the quasi-optical cavity is obtained using the dyadic Green's function. An expression is derived for the input impedance of a single microstrip patch cavity excited by a coaxial probe using moment method. The input impedance of a rectangular microstrip patch is discussed with this method. The result of this paper is similar to that of the microstrip antenna. This paper is of very important value for designing microstrip quasi-optical oscillator.     

准光腔单微带贴片输入阻抗的理论分析

本文利用并矢格林函数获得了准光腔中的电磁场积分方程。利用矩量法导出了被一个轴向电流源激励的单微带贴片腔的输入阻抗的计算公式。利用本方法对矩形微带贴片的输入阻抗进行了讨论。其结果与微带天线很类似。这对设计微带型准光振荡器有重要的参考价值。     

An analysis of input impedance of a single microstrip patch in the quasi-optical cavity

The electromagnetic field integral equation in the quasi-optical cavity is obtained using the dyadic Green's function. An expression is derived for the input impedance of a single microstrip patch cavity excited by a coaxial probe using moment method. The input impedance of a rectangular microstrip patch is discussed with this method. The result of this paper is similar to that of the microstrip antenna. This paper is of very important value for designing microstrip quasi-optical oscillator. Supported by the National Science Foundation of China.     

小型加载短路针微带天线的宽频带特性研究

提出了一种直径较大的加载短路针、低介电常数,厚介质衬底、同轴探针馈电微带天线.对直径较大的同轴探针抵消因其长度引入的电感的原理进行分析;从腔模理论出发,结合叠加原理,提出一种较为简单的分析直径较大同轴探针馈电的加载短路针天线输入阻抗的方法,在宽频带内实现阻抗匹配,达到展宽频带的目的;并给出加载短路针圆形天线的实例,用HFSS仿真的结果与实测结果进行比较,证实了该方法的有效性.     

A theoretical study of the input impedance of a circular microstrip disk antenna

A theoretical study is presented of the input impedance of a circular microstrip disk antenna excited by a coaxial line. The theory is based on Green's function technique applied to the disk cavity with the boundary admittance at the edge. Both the feed pin size and the boundary admittance are shown to be important in deriving the analytical expression for the input impedance. The boundary admittance is obtained by considering the radiated power and the electric and magnetic stored energies in the fringe capacitance. The analytical expression for the input impedance includes the feed location, the feed pin size, the disk size and thickness, and the dielectric constant of the material, and is useful for optimizing various parameters. The calculations are compared with experimental data showing a good agreement.     

Input impedance of microstrip patch in the quasi-optical cavity resonator

The dyadic Green's function in an active loaded quasi-optical oscillator is presented. An expression is derived for the input impedance of a single microstrip patch cavity excited by a coaxial probe using the method of moment. Using the present formulation the input impedance of a rectangular microstrip patch is determined.     

Full-wave analysis of the annular-ring loaded spherical-circularmicrostrip antenna

In this paper, an annular-ring loaded (ARL) spherical-circular microstrip antenna is studied theoretically. The antenna is excited by a coaxial probe. The theoretical formulation is based on full-wave analysis in the spectral domain by using the vector Legendre transform and Galerkin's moment method is used for numerical calculation. Numerical results of the resonance frequencies, input impedance, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), and radiation characteristics are presented. It is shown that the impedance bandwidth of the spherical-circular microstrip antenna can be broadened by adding an annular-ring parasitic patch. By comparing to the single circular-patch case the spherical-circular microstrip antenna with an annular-ring parasitic patch has larger minor lobes and larger cross-polarization radiation     

Center-fed microstrip patch antenna

A novel feeding scheme for microstrip patch antennas is presented, which consists of a coaxial probe and shorting pin separated by a narrow slot centrally cut at the radiating patch. The impedance and radiation characteristics of a conventional probe-fed microstrip patch antenna and the proposed microstrip patch antenna are experimentally examined and compared. The effects of the slot length on the antenna operation are also discussed.     

Analysis of the annular-ring-loaded circular-disk microstripantenna

A rigorous analysis of the natural resonance frequencies and input impedance characteristics of an annular-ring-loaded (ARL) circular-disk microstrip antenna is presented. Using vector Hankel transforms, the problem is formulated in terms of vector dual-integral equations. Galerkin's method is then used to solve the equations to obtain the resonance frequencies and the current distribution on the conductive patches arising from a probe excitation. Due to the singular nature of the current distribution, the singularity subtraction method has been used to accelerate the convergence of basis function expansions. Experiments for determining resonance frequencies and input impedance characteristics of an ARL circular-disk microstrip antenna with various substrate thicknesses have been made. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental data even when the thickness of the substrate is 0.1 substrate wavelength. It is shown that this theory can be used to analyze some microstrip antennas with an electrically thick substrate, including the analysis of mutual coupling between conductive patches or between the path and the feed of a microstrip antenna     

馈电同轴芯径对微带天线性能的影响

针对同轴线馈电的微带天线,建立了等效电路模型。该等效电路表明,馈入到微带天线内部的导体直径直接影响天线的输入阻抗。为此设计了单频圆极化微带天线,采用电磁计算软件HFSS仿真计算了不同馈电芯径对天线参数的影响,验证了该理论。同时设计了双层介质的双频微带圆极化天线,采用同一个馈点馈电,上层微带介质中馈电导体的直径与下层微带介质中馈电导体直径不同。通过HFSS软件的优化仿真,得到了对应于两个不同频段的最优上下层馈电导体直径,获得了最佳的驻波。研究表明,对于单频和双频微带天线,通过优化馈入到介质中导体的直径可以改善天线的驻波特性。     

Analysis of Aperture Coupled Microstrip Antenna with Circular Polarization Diversity

The circular polarization diversity with the square patch microstrip antenna was obtained by the implantation of the quadrature hybrid as a microstrip feed line. The small size antenna is achieved by using the aperture coupled structure. The analysis of an aperture-coupled microstrip antenna (ACMSA) based on the cavity model theory is presented in this paper. The cavity model has been used to design an ACMSA and determine the relationship between the input impedance of the ACMSA and the position of the aperture. The matlab and the Advanced Design Software have been used for designing and simulating the ACMSA. There is a good agreement between the simulated and the experimental results.     

Radiation and scattering characteristics of microstrip antennas onnormally biased ferrite substrates

Radiation and scattering characteristics of microstrip antennas and arrays printed on ferrite substrates with a normal magnetic bias field are described. The extra degree of freedom offered by the biased ferrite can be used to obtain a number of novel characteristics, including switchable and tunable circularly polarized radiation from a microstrip antenna having a single feed point, dynamic wide-angle impedance matching for phased arrays of microstrip antennas, and a switchable radar cross section reduction technique for microstrip antennas. Results are obtained from full-wave moment method solutions for single microstrip antennas and infinite arrays of microstrip antennas. A cavity model solution for a circular patch antenna on a biased ferrite substrate is also presented, to aid in understanding the operation of these antennas     

探针馈电印刷线天线的矩量法分析——（Ⅰ）单臂天线

利用同轴内导体延和为探针对印刷天线进行直接馈电是一种易于实现的馈电方式。本文介绍了一种分析单臂探针馈电印刷线天线的数值方法,该方法是基于并矢格林函数和互易定量求解电流积分方程的矩量法,适合于分析任意形状印刷线天线,首先给出描述电流分布的积分方程及其矩量法求解公式,在解得电流分布基础上,应用驻相法计算远区辐射场,通过计算与实验比较,验证了分析方法和计算程序的正确性,最后对一圆极化开口印刷圆环天线进行分析计算,表明了方法的实用价值。     

Design of aperture-coupled annular-ring microstrip antennas for circular polarization

The design of an aperture-coupled annular-ring microstrip antenna for circular polarization (CP) is presented. The CP radiation of the annular-ring microstrip antenna is achieved by a series microstrip-line-feed configuration through the coupling of a ring slot in the ground plane. The key parameters of the proposed design are investigated using a commercial simulation software based on the Method of Moments to show how to obtain the 50 /spl Omega/ input impedance and optimum axial ratio. The proposed design can be applied to the annular-ring microstrip antennas with different inner radii and substrate thickness, and several antenna prototypes are constructed and measured. Details of the experimental results of the CP performance are presented and discussed.     

Comparison of models for the probe inductance for a parallel-plate waveguide and a microstrip patch

Four different models for the probe inductance of a circular probe in an infinite parallel plate waveguide are studied. These models include a uniform-current model, a cosine-current model, a gap-voltage source model, and a coaxial-frill model. These different models treat the vertical variation of the fields within the substrate and the field of the coaxial feed with varying degrees of rigor. Numerical high frequency structure simulator data are also compared with the results of these models in order to draw reliable conclusions about the accuracy of these models as a function of the substrate thickness. A simple computer-aided design formula for the probe inductance of a coaxial feed probe for a rectangular microstrip patch antenna is also introduced.     

基于HFSS的双层宽带微带贴片天线的研究

采用HFSS10电磁场仿真软件设计和仿真了一种新型宽带双层微带贴片天线,天线采用聚四氟乙烯和空气两层介质,通过增加空气介质层的厚度,同时利用圆形金属电容片补偿馈电探针引起的电感,对微带天线进行耦合馈电,仿真结果表明天线的阻抗带宽达到了23%（VSWR≤2）,从而实现了宽频带微带天线的设计.     

A broad-band U-slot rectangular patch antenna on a microwavesubstrate

A broad-band U-slot rectangular patch antenna printed on a microwave substrate is investigated. The dielectric constant of the substrate is 2.33. The antenna is fed by a coaxial probe. The characteristics of the U-slot patch antenna are analyzed by the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Experimental results for the input impedance and radiation patterns are obtained and compared with numerical results. The maximum impedance bandwidth achieved is 27%, centered around 3.1 GHz, with good pattern characteristics     

Novel design of broad-band stacked patch antenna

A novel broadband stacked E-shaped patch antenna is proposed in this paper. The proposed antenna has an input impedance bandwidth of about 38.41%, better than the conventional E-shaped microstrip patch antenna, which has an input impedance bandwidth of 33.8%. Through the use of the washer on the probe of the stacked patch antenna, the input impedance bandwidth is improved further to 44.9%. The radiation patterns are found to be relatively constant throughout the whole band. Comparisons of these antennas are presented in this paper.